So wunim HIV ne AIDS ho asɛm? Momma yɛnka saa tebea horow a ɛyɛ hu yi ho asɛm (HIV & AIDS)!

Sɛ wote nsɛmfua HIV ne AIDS a, ebia wo ho yeraw wo kakra, ɛnte saa? Ɛwom sɛ eyinom ho nsɛm pii wɔ ɔmanfo mu de, nanso ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubehu nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, sɛnea ɛde ba, ne sɛnea wobɛbɔ wo ho ban. Enti ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka eyinom ho asɛm akɔ akyiri, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ne HIV? (Dɛn ne HIV?)

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, HIV gyina hɔ ma Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Sɛ saa mmoawa yi hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, ɔtow hyɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no so. Titiriw no, nea mmoawa yi de wɔn ani asi so titiriw ne CD4 nkwammoaa, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a ɛbɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Bere a HIV mmoawa no sɛe saa nkwammoaa yi no, tumi a yɛn nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no so tew nkakrankakra.

Saa HIV mmoawa yi yɛ adwuma wɔ anifere kwan so paa. Ɛde n’ankasa akwankyerɛ hyɛ yɛn nkwammoaa no DNA mu. Yɛfrɛ mmoawa a wɔyɛ adwuma kɔ akyi te sɛ eyi no retrovirus .

Enti dɛn ne AIDS? (Dɛn ne AIDS?)

AIDS gyina hɔ ma Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Eyi ne HIV yare no fã a etwa to na emu yɛ den sen biara. Obi a ɔwɔ AIDS kyerɛ sɛ HIV mmoawa no ama wɔn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw kɛse, na wɔn CD4 nkwammoaa dodow so atew kɛse. Eyi ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya nyarewa ahorow (nyarewa a ɛma wonya hokwan) ne kokoram mpo a anka ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden benya no.

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wɔannya HIV yare no yare a, ebetumi akɔ so ayɛ AIDS wɔ bɛyɛ mfe 10 mu.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda HIV ne AIDS ntam?

Nnipa pii ma abien no adwene tu fra. HIV yɛ ɔyare mmoawa. Ɛyɛ mmoawa no na ɛma yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw. AIDS ne tebea a emu yɛ den a HIV yare mmoawa de ba. Ɛyɛ nyarewa a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛba bere a nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw kɛse no.

Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ, obi a onni HIV no ntumi nnya AIDS.

Ɛdenam nnɛyi ayaresa a ɛkɔ akyiri so no, ɛnyɛ obiara a wanya HIV no na obenya AIDS. Nanso, sɛ wɔansa wɔn yare a, nnipa pii a wɔanya HIV no wɔ asiane mu sɛ wobenya AIDS.

Dɛn na HIV mmoawa no yɛ obi?

Sɛ HIV mmoawa no hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, ɛkɔ tẽẽ kɔhwehwɛ CD4 nkwammoaa (Helper T cells) a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Afei ɛsɛe saa nkwammoaa yi. Eyi ma mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no so tew. Ne saa nti, yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe a mpɛn pii no sɛ yɛyare mpo a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ne ho bɛtɔ no no yɛ mmerɛw. Yare ketewaa bi mpo betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den.

Sɛ wudi kan nya HIV a, ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridii anaa atiridiinini. Afei, mmoawa no betumi ada wo nipadua mu mfe pii a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Saa bere no, ɛde sum ase sɛe wo CD4 nkwammoaa no.Sɛ CD4 nkwammoaa dodow so tew kɛse, anaasɛ wufi ase nya nyarewa a nnipa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden nnya a, yebetumi aka sɛ HIV yare no akɔ so ayɛ AIDS.

Sɛ wunya AIDS a, ebia mpofirim ara wo mu duru so bɛtew, ate nka sɛ woabrɛ paa, akuru bɛba w’anom anaa wo honam ani, woanya atiridiinini, wo ho fifiri anadwo, na wo honam ani kɔla asesa. Afei nso, nnipa a wɔwɔ AIDS tumi nya nyarewa ne kokoram afoforo, enti sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa saa nneɛma no ho nso betumi ada adi.

Momma yensua nea retrovirus yɛ ho ade kakra.

Yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa yɛ adwuma sɛnea nhyehyɛe bi (akwankyerɛ ahorow bi) a wɔfrɛ no DNA te. Saa DNA yi ma wonya nkrasɛm bi a wɔfrɛ no RNA, na sɛnea saa nkrasɛm no kyerɛ no, wɔyɛ protein ahorow a yɛn nipadua hia no.

Nanso, retrovirus ahorow no yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan foforo so. Wɔde RNA na ɛkyerɛw wɔn akwankyerɛ no. Sɛ mmoawa bi hyɛn yɛn nkwammoaa mu a, ɛsakra ne RNA ma ɛyɛ te sɛ DNA a ɛwɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu no. Afei, ɛtwa DNA a ɛwɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu no na ɛde n’akwankyerɛ hyɛ mu. Afei, yɛn nkwammoaa no yɛ adwuma sɛnea mmoawa no kyerɛ. HIV yɛ retrovirus a ɛte saa no mu biako.

Henanom na HIV ka wɔn kɛse?

Gyidi a nnipa pii wɔ sɛ "nnipa binom nkutoo na wonya HIV" no yɛ mfomso koraa. Obiara a onya mmoawa no betumi anya HIV. Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a wɔmmɔ ho ban ne nnade a wɔkyɛ de twitwiw nnubɔne mu ne akwan titiriw a HIV fa so trɛw.

Nanso, sɛnea akontaabu kyerɛ no, nnipa akuw bi na HIV ka wɔn kɛse. Eyinom bi ne:

• Gay, Bisexual, MSM.
• Mmusuakuw bi, sɛ nhwɛso no abibifo ne Hispanicfo (eyi mfa Sri Lanka ho kɛse, nanso eyi ne wiase nyinaa tebea).
• Nnipa a wɔde nna ho nnwuma ma de sesa sika anaa nneɛma foforo no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya HIV.

Ɛnyɛ saa nnipa yi nko ara na HIV aka wɔn. Nanso, saa akuw yi hyia akwanside ahorow pii a ɛmma wontumi nsiw HIV ano, wɔbɛsɔ ahwɛ, na wɔanya ayaresa a ɛfata. Mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da ho tan, mmusua mu nyiyim, ohia, ne animtiaabu a ɛfa HIV ho no mma nnipa pii ntumi nnya akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe a ɛkorɔn.

HIV abu so dɛn?

Mprempren nnipa a wɔanya HIV foforo wɔ wiase no so atew kakra. Nanso nnipa dodow bi a ɛho hia da so ara wɔ HIV. Nea ɛho hia no, nnipa dodow bi a ɛho hia a wɔanya HIV no nnim mpo sɛ wɔwɔ bi. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu daa.

Dɛn ne HIV ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Wobɛtumi anya HIV sɛ wo nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo a. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ woyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu sɛ wonte nka sɛ woyare mpo a.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wodi kan nya HIV a, wobɛtumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridii anaa atiridiinini. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ "Acute Retroviral Syndrome" (ARS) . Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi ne:

• Huraeɛ
• Me ho reyɛ awɔw.
• Ɔbrɛ
• Menemkuro
• Ntini mu yaw
• Anadwo fifiri a ɛba
• Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu a ahonhon
• Ano mu akuru

Mpɛn pii no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi brɛ ase wɔ dapɛn biako anaa abien, anaa ɔsram biako mpo mu.

HIV no fã bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?

Nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛma obi nya HIV:

Ɔfã 1: HIV a Ɛyɛ Den

Nnipa binom betumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridii anaa atiridiinini wɔ ɔsram biako anaa abien akyi bere a wɔanya HIV no. Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi taa fi hɔ wɔ dapɛn biako anaa ɔsram biako mu. Saa bere yi mu no , mmoawa no dɔɔso ntɛmntɛm wɔ nipadua no mu, enti asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛka afoforo.

Ɔfã 2: HIV a Enni sabea/Ayaresa mu Latency

Wɔ acute phase no akyi no, wubetumi ne HIV atra ase mfe pii a wonte nka sɛ woyare. Wɔfrɛ eyi “fa a enni sabea” anaa “ayaresa mu bere a wɔde sie.” Adeɛ a ɛho hia sɛ wokae ne sɛ, sɛ woante nka sɛ woyare mpo a, wobɛtumi de HIV akɔma afoforɔ. Sɛ woannya ayaresa a, saa fã yi betumi akɔ so mfe 10 anaa nea ɛboro saa. Nanso wɔ nnipa binom fam no, saa ɔfã yi betumi aba awiei ntɛmntɛm. Nnipa a wonya ayaresa no betumi atra saa fã yi mu mfe du du pii.

Ɔfã 3: AIDS

AIDS ne HIV yare no fã a emu yɛ den sen biara. Saa bere yi de, HIV mmoawa no ama wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw kɛse, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubenya ɔyare mmoawa a wonya hokwan .

Hokwan mu nyarewa yɛ nyarewa a mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ den sɛ obi a ɔwɔ nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no tumi di so. Nanso, sɛ HIV ma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw a, saa nyarewa yi betumi apira nipadua no kɛse.

Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram ahorow bi nso yɛ kɛse wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ AIDS mu. Wɔbom frɛ saa kokoram ahorow yi ne nyarewa a ɛma wonya hokwan ahorow yi sɛ "nyarewa a ɛkyerɛ AIDS."

Sɛ obi behu sɛ ɔwɔ AIDS a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔwɔ HIV na anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɔwɔ tebea horow a edidi so yi mu biako:

• Sɛ ɔwɔ CD4 nkwammoaa a ennu 200 wɔ mogya cubic milimita biara mu (nkwaboaa 200/mm3).
• Sɛ obi wɔ "nyarewa a ɛkyerɛ AIDS" biako anaa nea ɛboro saa.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛma obi nya AIDS no?

Eyinom bi ne nyarewa a ɛma wonya hokwan, kokoram ahorow bi (a mpɛn pii no mmoawa na ɛde ba), ne nyarewa bi a ɛwɔ ntini mu. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne:

• Burkitt lymphoma a ɛma mogya tu
• Candidiasis a ɛwɔ ahurututu, aduan mu, ahurututu anaa ahurututu mu
• Intestinal isosporiasis (cystoisosporiasis) a enni sabea a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro ɔsram biako
• Coccidioidomycosis, a ɛtrɛw/a ɛwɔ ahurututu akyi
• Intestinal cryptosporidiosis a enni sabea a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro ɔsram biako
• Cytomegalovirus yare (a mmerɛbo, akyi berɛmo, anaa ntini a ɛma mogya tu nka ho), a ɛba nnipa a wɔadi boro ɔsram biako so.
• Cytomegalovirus retinitis (a ɛma obi nhu ade yiye) .
• Amemene mu yare a wɔkyerɛ sɛ efi HIV
• Cryptococcosis a ɛwɔ ahurututu akyi
• Herpes simplex akuru (a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro ɔsram biako) .
• Herpes simplex ahurututu mu yare, ahurututu mu yare anaa aduan mu yare (ɛba nnipa a wɔadi boro ɔsram biako mu) .
• Histoplasmosis, a ɛtrɛw/a ɛwɔ ahurututu akyi
• HIV wasting syndrome (HIV wasting syndrome - mu duru a ɛso tew kɛse) .
• Awotwaa mu kokoram a ɛba nipadua mu
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔfrɛ no Lymphoma
• Kaposit sarcoma a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew
• Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba mpɛn pii anaasɛ ɛsan ba bio
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), a ɛtrɛw/a ɛwɔ ahurututu akyi
• Mycobacterium kansasii, a ɛtrɛw/a ɛwɔ ahurututu akyi
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) a ɛwɔ beae biara
• Mycobacterium ahorow afoforo anaa ahorow a wonnim, a wɔatrɛw/afiri ahurututu akyi
• Pneumocystis jirovecii ahurututu mu yare (PCP) .
• Amemene no mu lymphoma titiriw
• Leukoencephalopathy a ɛkɔ so wɔ mmeae pii (PML) .
• Ahurututu mu yare a ɛsan ba bio
• Salmonella septicemia a ɛsan ba bio (a ɛnyɛ typhoid) .
• Amemene no mu toxoplasmosis (ɛba nnipa a wɔadi boro ɔsram biako so) .

Dɛn ne AIDS ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

AIDS ho sɛnkyerɛnne no betumi afi HIV yare no ankasa mu, ne nyarewa afoforo a ɛde wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ayɛ mmerɛw no di dwuma nso. Eyinom bi ne:

• Mu duru a wɔbɛtew so ntɛmntɛm
• Atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba anaasɛ fifiri a ɛboro so anadwo
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛboro so a wobɛte nka sɛ ntease biara nnim
• Abasa, asen, anaa kɔn mu baabi a ɛho ahonhon
• Ɔyare a ɛtra hɔ adapɛn pii
• Akuru a ɛwɔ ano, akyi berɛmo, anaa ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu
• Ahurututu mu yare
• Ntrɛwmu kɔkɔɔ, bruu, pink, anaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ honam ani, ano, hwene, anaa aniwa mu
• Nkae a ɛyera, adwenemhaw, ne ntini mu yare afoforo

Dɛn na ɛde HIV/AIDS ba?

Mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no Human Immunodeficiency Virus na ɛde HIV ba . Saa mmoawa yi tow hyɛ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no CD4 nkwammoaa (T-nkwaboaa boafo) so .Wɔtow hyɛ wɔn so na wɔsɛe wɔn, na ɛma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw.

AIDS ba bere a HIV ma nipadua no mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no so tew kɛse, na ɛma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw araa ma entumi nko ntia nyarewa afoforo no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na HIV trɛw?

HIV betumi afa obi a ɔwɔ HIV mogya, mmadwoa, awotwaa mu nsu, nufusu, ne akyi berɛmo mu nsuo mu. Obiara a ɔwɔ bɔbeasu anaa nna ho akɔnnɔ biara betumi anya HIV na ɔde akɔma afoforo.

Mmoawa no betumi afa w’ano, wo akyi berɛmo, wo barima, wo honam ani hwɛbea, anaa wo honam ani a abubu mu akɔ wo nipadua mu. Gye sɛ wɔatwitwa anaa akuru bi wɔ honam ani a, mmoawa no ntumi mfa honam ani a ɛte apɔw mu nkɔ mu. Sɛ wonyinsɛn na wowɔ HIV a, mmoawa no nso betumi akɔ wo ba no mu.

Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a wɔmmɔ ho ban ne nnade a wɔkyɛ de twitwiw nnubɔne ne akwan titiriw a HIV fa so trɛw. Sɛ woante nka sɛ woyare mpo a, wobɛtumi de HIV akɔma afoforo.

So wobetumi afa atuu so anya HIV?

Esiane sɛ ɛnyɛ nnompe so na ɛde HIV ba nti, ɛntaa nsi sɛ wɔbɛfa atuu a wɔde bɛfa atuu so de HIV. Nanso, sɛ ahokafo baanu no nyinaa ano akuru anaasɛ mogya retu wɔn anom a, hokwan kakraa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ HIV bɛka wɔn bere a wɔrefew wɔn ho ano a emu dɔ na wɔabue ano no, efisɛ wobetumi asesa nipadua mu nsu afoforo.

Afei nso, wontumi mfa saa nneɛma yi so nnya HIV:

• Ɛdenam obi a ɔwɔ HIV/AIDS a ɔde ne nsa bɛka anaa ɔbɛyɛ no atuu so.
• Efi ɔmanfo tiafi anaa asuguarebea ahorow so.
• Nkuruwa, nkuku, anaa telefon a wɔne obi a ɔwɔ HIV/AIDS bɛkyɛ.
• Efi nkoekoemmoa a wɔwe te sɛ nwansena so.
• Ɛdenam mogya a wɔde ma so (adwinnade a wɔde ma wɔ mogya mu wɔ Sri Lanka no yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom kɛse).

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ mewɔ HIV?

Worentumi nhu sɛ obi wɔ HIV denam hwɛ a wobɛhwɛ no so. Afei nso, wobɛtumi anya HIV na worennya yareɛ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Ɔkwan baako pɛ a wobɛfa so ahu sɛ wowɔ HIV ne sɛ wobɛyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu.

Esiane sɛ nnipa baason biara a wɔwɔ HIV no mu bɛyɛ biako nnim sɛ wɔwɔ bi nti, wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, obiara a wadi mfe 13 kosi 64 nkɔyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu pɛnkoro sɛ akwahosan ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no fã. Saa sɔhwɛ yi yɛ nea wofi wɔn pɛ mu yɛ na ɛyɛ kokoamsɛm.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya HIV? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Wɔnam wo mogya anaa wo nnompe mu nhwehwɛmu so na ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ HIV . Wubetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ fie (a wode sɔhwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ fie ka ho), wɔ oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea, anaa beae bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ.

Sɛ wo sɔhwɛ no aba yɛ "Negative" , sɔhwɛ foforo biara ho nhia wɔ nsɛm yi mu:

• Sɛ woannya HIV wɔ ɔkwan biara so wɔ asram abiɛsa a edi nhwehwɛmu no anim no mu a.
• Sɛ woannya mmoawa no wɔ "mfɛnsere bere" a wɔde yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu no mu (bere a egye ansa na wɔahu mmoawa no). (Sɛ wunnim nhwehwɛmu a woayɛ no mfɛnsere bere a, bisa wo duruyɛfo.)

Sɛ wɔdaa wo ho adi wɔ asram abiɛsa akyi bere a woyɛɛ sɔhwɛ no a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛsan ayɛ nhwehwɛmu bio de asi so dua sɛ "dabi" aba.

Sɛ wo sɔhwɛ aba no san ba "Positive" a, lab no bɛyɛ sɔhwɛ foforo de asi nea efi mu ba no so dua.

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ de hu HIV?

HIV nhwehwɛmu ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ:

1. Antigen/Antibody Nhwehwɛmu:

• Antigen nhwehwɛmu hwehwɛ agyiraehyɛde bi a wɔfrɛ no p24 wɔ HIV mmoawa no ani. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa mu nhwehwɛmu hwehwɛ nnuru a yɛn nipadua yɛ de tia saa agyiraehyɛde ahorow no. Saa sɔhwɛ yi hwehwɛ abien no nyinaa.
• Oduruyɛfo bi fa mogya ketewaa bi fi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu mu. Wɔde kɔ lab na wɔsɔ hwɛ sɛ ebia p24 ne antibodies a ɛko tia no anaa. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi tumi hu HIV wɔ nnafua 18 kosi 45 ntam wɔ bere a obi anya no akyi.
• Wobetumi de nsateaa a wɔde hyɛ mogya mu ayɛ antigen/antibody nhwehwɛmu ntɛmntɛm. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi tumi hu HIV anyɛ yiye koraa no nnafua 18 wɔ bere a wɔde ahyɛ obi mu akyi. Ebetumi agye nnafua 90 ansa na woanya nea efi mu ba no pɛpɛɛpɛ. ("Rapid" kyerɛ bere a egye na wɔanya nea efi mu ba, ɛnyɛ bere a egye na wɔahu mmoawa no).

2. Nkwammoaa a Ɛko Tia Nyarewa Ho Nhwehwɛmu:

• Saa nhwehwɛmu yi hwehwɛ nnuru a ɛko tia HIV wɔ wo mogya anaa wo nnompe mu. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi denam mogya a wobɛfa afi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu, nsateaa a wobɛbɔ, anaa nnompe a wobɛfa afi wo sẽ mu a wobɛfa mu no so.
• Ebetumi agye nnafua 23 kosi 90 wɔ bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu akyi ansa na wɔayɛ antibody nhwehwɛmu de ahu HIV. Nkwammoaa a wɔko tia nyarewa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ mogya a wɔtwe fi ntini mu so no tumi hu HIV ntɛmntɛm sen nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ nnompe anaa mogya a wɔtwe fi nsateaa mu so.

3. Nucleic Acid Nhwehwɛmu (NATs): .

• NATfo hwehwɛ HIV mmoawa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Oduruyɛfo bi fa mogya ketewaa bi fi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu mu. Wɔde kɔ lab bi sɛ wɔnkɔhwɛ sɛ wɔwɔ HIV anaa.
• Mpɛn pii no, NAT tumi hu HIV wɔ nnafua 10 kosi 33 wɔ bere a wɔde adi dwuma no akyi. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, sɛ woanya obi a asiane kɛse wom nkutoo a, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi.

Sɛ wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba yɛ "pa" a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo mfa nhwɛ w'akwahosan. Ebia eyinom bi ne:

• Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC) .
• Viral hepatitis nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ
• Koko so X-ray a wɔyɛ
• Pap smear (ma mmea) .
• CD4 nkwammoaa dodow (CD4 dodow) .
• Nsamanwaw ho nhwehwɛmu

So HIV nhwehwɛmu bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi ayɛ wɔ fie? (Nsɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ fie) .

Yiw, HIV nhwehwɛmu nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ wɔ fie. Ebi yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm. Wɔ wɔn mu no, wode aduru a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ mmerɛw petepete wo ntini mu. Afei, wɔde swab no gu tube a nsu titiriw bi wom mu na wɔkenkan nea efi mu ba no. Nea efi mu ba no yɛ nea wobetumi anya wɔ simma 15-20 ntam.

Sɔhwɛ afoforo a wɔyɛ wɔ fie no de afiri bi di dwuma de fa ade ketewaa bi twitwiw wo nsateaa mu. Wɔde mogya a ɛtɔ gu krataa bi so, na wɔde nhwehwɛmu ho nneɛma no kɔma adwumayɛbea bi ma wɔhwehwɛ nea efi mu ba.

Sɛ wo fie nhwehwɛmu aba no yɛ "papa" a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn na woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de si nea efi mu ba no so dua.

So aduru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa HIV?

Mprempren wonni HIV ano aduru biara. Nanso, ayaresa pii wɔ hɔ a etu mpɔn kɛse a ebetumi asiw HIV a ɛkɔ so no so kɛse.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa HIV? (Ayaresa)

Wɔde aduru bi a wɔnom da biara a wɔfrɛ no antiretroviral therapy (ART) sa HIV yare .

Nnuru ahorow a wɔaka abom, sen sɛ wɔbɛnom aduru biako pɛ, ne ɔkwan a etu mpɔn sen biara a wɔfa so siw HIV kwan sɛ ɛntrɛw na ɛnsɛe nkwammoaa. Nnuru a wɔde ka bom nso wɔ hɔ a nnuru pii wom wɔ aduru biako mu. Wo duruyɛfo no de ahwɛyiye bɛpaw nea ɛfata ama wo.

ART ayaresa botae ne sɛ ɛbɛtew HIV dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu (virus load) so akodu baabi a HIV nhwehwɛmu ntumi nhu na wɔadi nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a HIV de ba no mmerɛw so.

Nnuru a wɔde sa HIV

Aduru biara a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ART mu no yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan soronko so de siw HIV mmoawa no kwan sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ne ho mfonini pii anaasɛ ɛrenkɔ wo nkwammoaa mu. Ebia ART aduru koro no ara wɔ din ahorow a wɔde frɛ no.

ART nnuru ahorow pii wɔ hɔ:

• Nnuru a wɔde siw nucleoside reverse transcriptase ano (NRTI) .
• Nnuru a ɛnyɛ nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) .
• Nnuru a esiw protease ano (PI) .
• Nneɛma a esiw fusion ano
• Nnuru a esiw CCR5 agyefo ano (nneɛma a ɛko tia CCR5) .
• Integrase nhama a wɔde siw ano (INSTIs) .
• Nneɛma a esiw attachment ano
• Nnuru a esiw nneɛma a ɛbata ho akyi
• Nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi yɛ adwuma yiye
• HIV nnuru a wɔaka abom

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho bere a mewɔ HIV no?

Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛnom wo nnuru sɛnea wɔakyerɛw ama wo, wɔ bere a ɛfata mu, na woanhuw wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wɔfrɛ eyiWɔfrɛ no ayaresa a wɔbata ho.

Sɛ wopa w’aduru no a wobɛnom, mpo wɔ akwanhyia mu a, HIV mmoawa no betumi asesa ɔkwan a wɔfa so nya nkwammoaa (mutate). Sɛ ɛba saa a, ebia nnuru a wonom no rentumi nyɛ adwuma. Sɛ w’adwuma nhyehyɛe mma wuntumi nnom wo nnuru no bere ano anaasɛ wonyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm.

Sɛ mewɔ HIV a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan?

Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ HIV a, adeɛ a ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhunu ne sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV a wɔdi ayaresa akwankyerɛ so yie no tumi bɛtena ase a ɛdi mu, akyɛ, te sɛ obi a onni HIV.

Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ sɛ wo CD4 nkwammoaa dodow dɔɔso na wontumi nhu wo mmoawa dodow wɔ afe biako a wufi ase sa yare no mu a, wubenya nea eye sen biara, bere tenten a wokɔ so di ayaresa nhyehyɛe no akyi no.

Wubetumi ama w’adwene atu mpɔn denam nneɛma yi a wobɛyɛ so:

• Yɛ nhwehwɛmu sɛ akwahosan mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa no fã, anaasɛ sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wɔahyia wo a.
• Fi ase sa ART ayaresa ntɛm ara bere a wɔahu sɛ wowɔ HIV akyi.
• Nom w’aduru no yiye da biara da.
• Yɛ nhyehyɛe ne w’aduruyɛfo kuw no yɛ nhyehyɛe.

Ɛwom sɛ ART betumi atew mmoawa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu so akodu baabi a wontumi nhu de, nanso entumi nyi mmoawa no mfi wo nipadua mu koraa (ebetumi ada wo nkwammoaa mu). Sɛ woannom w’aduru no daa a, mmoawa no betumi afi ase atrɛw bio na ayɛ nsakrae, na ebia w’aduru no agyae adwumayɛ.

Sɛ wɔansa a, ebetumi adi bɛyɛ mfe 10 ansa na HIV akɔ so ayɛ AIDS. Sɛ wunya AIDS na woannya ayaresa a, wubetumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ wobɛtra ase bɛyɛ mfe abiɛsa bio.

Nanso, wɔ wɔn a wɔresa yare no mu no, sɛ CD4 nkwammoaa dodow dɔɔso na wontumi nhu mmoawa no dodow wɔ afe biako a wofi ase sa yare no mu a, wobetumi atra ase akyɛ te sɛ obi a onni HIV. Sɛ CD4 nkwammoaa dodow sua wɔ afe biako mu wɔ bere a wɔafi ayaresa ase no mu, anaasɛ sɛ wontumi nhu mmoawa no dodow a, ɛda adi sɛ wɔbɛtra ase mfe 10-20 a ennu obi a onni HIV.

So HIV no ankasa kɔ?

HIV ntumi nkɔ n’ankasa so. Esiane sɛ ɛka wo DNA ho nti, wo nkwammoaa susuw sɛ ɛyɛ wo fã. Ɛwom mpo sɛ ebia worennya sɛnkyerɛnne biara mfe pii wɔ ɔyare no a edi kan no akyi, na ebia worente nka sɛ woyare de, nanso HIV mmoawa no betumi akɔ so asɛe wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no.

Bere a wɔrenom nnuru no, ebia mmere bi bɛba a mmoawa no sua dodo sɛ wobetumi ahu wɔ HIV nhwehwɛmu mu. Saa mmere yi mu no, HIV betumi akɔ so ahintaw wo nipadua mu, na wontumi nhu. Ebetumi "nyane" daakye na afi ase asɛe wo nkwammoaa bio.

Ɛno nti na ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛkɔ so nom wo HIV nnuru no, sɛ mpo woante nka sɛ woyare anaasɛ wowɔ mmoawa no dodow a wontumi nhu a. Sɛ wɔansa HIV a, ɛma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw, na awiei koraa no, entumi nko ntia nyarewa afoforo a emu yɛ den.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ menya HIV no so?

Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya HIV no so ne sɛ wubehu sɛnea ɛtrɛw na woabɔ wo ho ban wɔ dwumadi ahorow bi mu. Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a wɔmmɔ ho ban ne nnade a wɔkyɛ de twitwiw nnubɔne ne akwan titiriw a HIV fa so trɛw.

Akwan bi a wubetumi afa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so ni:

• Fa latex kɔndɔm (rɔba) di dwuma ma nna biara (awotwaa mu, akyi berɛmo, anaa anom). Mfa kɔndɔm a wɔde mmoa nneɛma (e.g., nguan nhoma) ayɛ nni dwuma.
• Fa srade a wɔde nsu ayɛ (lotion) di dwuma.
• Mfa nnade nkyɛ nnubɔne mu da.
• Yɛ nhwehwɛmu na sa yare afoforo a wonya fi nna mu (STIs) ho yare. Sɛ wowɔ STI afoforo a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya HIV no yɛ kɛse.
• Mma nnom nsa anaa nnom nnubɔne mfa ntwetwe w’adwene. Nnipa a wɔabow nsa ntumi mmɔ wɔn ho ban kɛse.
• Sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya HIV a, bisa wo duruyɛfo sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wofa PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) anaa .
• Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia woanya HIV a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara na hwɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wonom PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) anaa .
• Susuw ho sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahwɛ sɛ wubetumi de HIV akɔma afoforo anaa.

Kondom a wode bedi dwuma yiye no ho hia paa de abɔ wo ho ban afi HIV ho. Fa ɔbarima kɔndɔm di dwuma bere a woreyɛ nna biara a ɛfa wo barima no ho.

Wubetumi de sẽ a wɔde hyɛ wo mu anaa kɔndɔm a ɛwɔ wo mu (mmea kɔndɔm) abɔ wo awotwaa anaa wo akyi berɛmo ho ban . Dental dams yɛ polyurethane anaa latex asinasin a ɛyɛ tratraa a wobetumi de ahyɛ ɔbea no awotwaa anaa akyi berɛmo so bere a wɔde ano reda no. Wobetumi de kɔndɔm a ɛwɔ mu ahyɛ ɔbea awotwaa anaa akyi berɛmo mu na wɔde adi dwuma.

Fa kɔndɔm biako pɛ di dwuma bere koro mu. Mfa mmarima kɔndɔm ne kɔndɔm a ɛwɔ wo mu nyinaa nni dwuma bere koro mu.

So nnuru betumi asiw HIV ano?

Nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔasiw HIV ano ama wɔn a wɔanya bi anaa wɔn a asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobenya bi no. Wɔfrɛ eyinom PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) ne PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .

Nnuru a wɔde siw yare ano ansa na wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mu (PrEP) .

PrEP yɛ aduru a wonom da biara sɛ wunni HIV nanso wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wubenya ɔyare no a.

Titiriw no, sɛ wunni HIV, woanya nna wɔ akyi anaa wo honam ani wɔ asram asia a atwam no mu, na tebea horow a edidi so yi mu biara yɛ nokware a, wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ fa PrEP:

• Wo hokafo a wo ne no da no wɔ HIV.
• Ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na wode kɔndɔm adi dwuma.
• Woanya nna mu yare (STI) wɔ asram asia a atwam no mu.

Wɔkamfo PrEP kyerɛ sɛ wunni HIV, wode nnuru gu wo mu, na sɛ tebea horow a edidi so yi mu biara yɛ nokware a:

• Wode nnubɔne gu wo hokafo bi a ɔwɔ HIV mu.
• Wokyɛ nnade anaa nnwinnade foforo a wode bɛhyɛ nnubɔne mu.

PrEP nyɛ ade a wɔde besi ahobammɔ afoforo ananmu. Bere a worenom PrEP mpo no, ɛsɛ sɛ woda so ara de kɔndɔm di dwuma na wokwati sɛ wobɛkyɛ nnade a wode bɛhyɛ wo mu.

Nnuru a wɔde siw ɔyare mmoawa ano akyi (PEP) .

PEP de HIV nnuru di dwuma de bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobesiw HIV yare no ano ntɛm ara bere a woanya bi awie no. PEP yɛ ma nnipa a wɔnni HIV, anaa wɔnnim sɛ wɔwɔ HIV nanso wosusu sɛ ebia wɔnam nna a wɔpene so, nna mu ɔbrasɛeɛ, nnade a wɔkyɛ (anaa nnwinnadeɛ foforɔ), anaa adwuma a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu so na wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wufi ase PEP wɔ nnɔnhwerew 72 akyi wɔ bere a wode ahyɛ mu no mu na fa no da biara nnafua 28. PEP yɛ nea wɔde ma ntɛmpɛ nkutoo, na ɛnyɛ nea wɔde besi ahobammɔ afoforo ananmu, te sɛ kɔndɔm a wɔde di dwuma.

Sɛ mewɔ HIV a, mɛyɛ dɛn asiw ano sɛ antrɛw ankɔ afoforo so?

Akwan pa a wobɛfa so asiw HIV a ɛbɛkɔ afoforo so no ano kɛse ne akwan a wobɛfa so abɔ wo ho ban:

• Ka kyerɛ wɔn a wɔne wo da ne wɔn a wɔde nnubɔne gu wo mu no sɛ wowɔ HIV.
• Di w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no akyi na ntwa w’aduru no so. Sɛ wo virus load no ntumi nhunu a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛnya HIV denam nna mu nkitahodie so no so tew kɛseɛ (U=U: Undetectable = Untransmittable).
• Wo ne wo hokafo a ɔne wo da no nkasa mfa PrEP a wobɛnom ho.
• Sɛ wontumi nhu wo mmoawa a ɛwɔ wo mu mpo a, hyɛ kɔndɔm bere a worebɔ wo ho ban wɔ ɔbea no awotwaa mu, wo akyi berɛmo mu, ne wo anom.
• Mfa nnade anaa nnwinnade afoforo a wɔde twitwiw nnubɔne mu nkyɛ.
• To wo nna mu ahokafo dodow ano hye.
• Sɛ wonyinsɛn na wowɔ HIV a, sɛ wudi w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ART nnuru ka ho a, ebetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mmoawa no bɛkɔ wo ba no mu no so.

Sɛ mewɔ HIV a, metumi anyinsɛn?

Nnipa binom susuw sɛ HIV ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenyinsɛn, nanso ɛnyɛ nokware. Sɛ wowɔ HIV na wopɛ sɛ wunyinsɛn a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Mobɛbom ayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛma mo, mo hokafo, ne mo mma daakye anya apɔwmuden.

Wubetumi de HIV akɔ wo hokafo nkyɛn denam nna a wommɔ ho ban so, ne wo ba no nkyɛn wɔ nyinsɛn, awo, ne nufu mu. ART a wobɛnom no betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛfa HIV akɔ wo ba no so no so kɛse, titiriw sɛ wontumi nhu wo mmoawa a ɛwɔ wo mu no a. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ ma wo ba no nufusu mmom sen nufusu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia woanya HIV a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Sɛ wowɔ HIV a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wufi ase sa yare ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi .

Sɛ wunim dedaw sɛ wowɔ HIV a, di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ a ɛfa bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wokasa ho no akyi. Ɛho hia sɛ wosa ɔyare mmoawa biara, enti sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne foforo te sɛ atiridiinini, fifiri a ɛba anadwo, akisikuru, anaa biribi foforo biara a ɛhaw wo a, wo ne wɔn nkasa.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

• So asiane kɛse wom sɛ menya HIV?
• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ menya HIV no so?
• Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ ahu sɛ mɛnom m’aduru no yiye?
• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de abɔ me ho ban afi nyarewa afoforo ho?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiw HIV ntrɛwmu ano?
• Dɛn na me sɔhwɛ mu aba kyerɛ?
• Dɛn na me mogya a wɔkan no kyerɛ?
• Vaccinations bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ minya?

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ayaresa a wobetumi apaw no ye koraa nnɛ sen sɛnea na ɛte bere a AIDS ɔyaredɔm no reyɛ kɛse no. Sɛ wohu wo ntɛm, wɔde ART to wo so, na wobata ho a, wowɔ hokwan a eye sen biara sɛ wobɛtra ase akyɛ. Ɛnnɛ, nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV betumi ayɛ adwuma, anya asetra a ɛyɛ nnam wɔ asetra mu, atete mmusua, na wɔanya abusuabɔ a ɛma abotɔyam. Nokwarem no, saa nneɛma yi betumi anya w’adwene mu yiyedi so nkɛntɛnso pa.

Ɛmfa ho sɛnea yɛadu akyiri wɔ ayaresa mu no, awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, animtiaabu a ɛfa HIV ho no da so ara wɔ hɔ. Wɔ ehu ne adwenem naayɛ a ɛba bere a wɔahu yare foforo no akyi no, ebia sɛnea nnipa a wɔatwa wo ho ahyia no bɛyɛ wɔn ade nso ho asɛm haw wo. Sɛ wotwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa wobɛsa wo yare, anaasɛ wunnim anammɔn a edi hɔ a wobɛfa so a, wo ne mpɔtam hɔ ahyehyɛde bi a ɛyɛ HIV ho adwuma titiriw nkasa. Kae sɛ wowɔ hokwan sɛ woboa, wunya ayamhyehye, ne akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe a ɛkorɔn.

` HIV, AIDS, nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa, retrovirus, CD4 nkwammoaa, ART ayaresa, nna mu akwahosan