So woresusuw atiridii ne ɔfe a mmofra nkumaa renya nnansa yi no ho? Momma yɛnka saa parainfluenza mmoawa yi ho asɛm (Human Parainfluenza Viruses - HPIVs)!

So wo ba kumaa no anya atiridii a akɔ so nna abien ni? Anaasɛ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa? Ebia menewam a ɛyɛ yaw? Ɛnyɛ mmofra nkumaa nko na saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi abu so nnansa yi, na mmom ɛtɔ mmere bi a mpanyimfo mpo mu. Enti ebia woresusuw nea ɛde eyi ba no ho. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka mmoawa kuw bi a wɔde ɔhome mu nyarewa ba ho asɛm. Wɔn ne parainfluenza mmoawa, anaa sɛnea nnuruyɛfo frɛ wɔn `(Human Parainfluenza Viruses - HPIVs)`.

Dɛn ankasa ne parainfluenza (HPIVs)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, parainfluenza yɛ din a wɔtaa de frɛ mmoawa kuw bi a ɛka yɛn home nhyehyɛe, kyerɛ sɛ, yɛn hwene, yɛn menewa, ne yɛn ahurututu. Saa mmoawa yi tumi de nyarewa ahorow ba. Wɔn mu bi yɛ mmerɛw yiye na wɔn ho tɔ wɔn wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, titiriw wɔ mmofra nkumaa, wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim, anaa wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no mu no, ebetumi ayɛ den kɛse.

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so, saa mmoawa yi te sɛ obi a ɔwɔ yɛn mu bere nyinaa, nanso ɛnka obiara wɔ ɔkwan koro so.

Obiara betumi anya HPV (HPIV) yare, nanso ɛtaa ba mmofra nkumaa ne nkokoaa mu. Wubetumi anya saa mmoawa yi mpɛn pii wɔ w’asetra mu, na sɛ wunya bi wɔ wo mmofraase a, wubetumi anya bi bio. Nanso asɛmpa bi wɔ hɔ! Mpɛn pii no, bere a edi kan a wubenya (mpɛn pii no wɔ mmofraase), bere foforo a ɛbɛsan asi bio no, ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm saa.

Saa ``(HPIV)`` nyarewa yi taa taa ba wɔ afe no mu mmere bi mu. Wɔdɔɔso titiriw wɔ osutɔbere, awɔw bere, ne ahohuru bere mu (i.e., afe no mu asram a awɔw wom).

So parainfluenza mmoawa yi ahorow wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, parainfluenza mmoawa atitiriw anan na wɔahu:

• HPIV-1 ne HPIV-2: Saa ahorow abien yi ne nea ɛtaa de atiridii ne tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Croup'', a ɛyɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ dede, a ɛyɛ dede a ɛba mmofra so . Saa ``Croup'' tebea yi nso betumi ama ayɛ den kakra ama mmofra nkumaa sɛ wɔbɛhome.
• HPIV-3: Saa ɔkwan yi betumi aka yɛn ɔhome akwaa no ase, kyerɛ sɛ, ahurututu no tẽẽ. Eyi nti na tebea horow te sɛ ahurututu mu yare, ahurututu mu yare, anaa ahurututu mu yare taa ba no.
• HPIV-4: Ɛwom sɛ wonnya nhuu nsɛm pii afa saa ɔkwan yi ho de, nanso nnuruyɛfo gye di sɛ ɛde yare koro no ara a `(HPIV-3)` ba.

So eyi te sɛ atiridiinini (Atiridii), RSV, anaa COVID-19? Anaasɛ ɛyɛ soronko?

Eyi yɛ ɔhaw a ɛtaa ba nnipa pii so. Parainfluenza, atiridii mmoawa `(Influenza virus)`, `(RSV)` mmoawa (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), ne `(COVID-19)` nyinaa fi mmoawa ahorow ahorow. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyinom mu biara ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ pɛ. Wotumi hu nneɛma te sɛ atiridiinini, ɔfe, ne nipadua mu yaw wɔ wɔn nyinaa mu.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba yi nyinaa betumi de tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahurututu mu yare aba. Ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so ahu mmoawa a wowɔ no ankasa ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo ahwɛ wo.

Sɛ wote edin "parainfluenza" a, ɛte sɛ "influenza" (yare mmoawa a ɛde atiridii no ba), ɛnte saa? Bere bi a atwam no, na nnuruyɛfo susuw sɛ wɔyɛ mmoawa koro no ara. Nanso seesei yenim sɛ wɔyɛ nyarewa ahorow.

Parainfluenza abu so dɛn? Hena na ɛka no kɛse?

Parainfluenza yare mmoawa abu so kɛse, titiriw wɔ mmofra nkumaa ne nkokoaa mu. Nokwarem no, nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ mmofra a wɔadi boro mfe 5 bɛboro 75% ne mpanyimfo 90% anya saa mmoawa yi pɛn. Wɔnam nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ wɔn mogya mu no so na ɛkyerɛ eyi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ako atia mmoawa no wɔ bere bi a atwam mu.

Mpɛn pii no, parainfluenza nyɛ aniberesɛm mma mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ akwahosan ho haw afoforo te sɛ ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea anaa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ayɛ mmerɛw a, ɔyare no betumi ayɛ kɛse na ebegye bere tenten ansa na ne ho atɔ wo.

Asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya yare a emu yɛ den afi saa ``HPIV'' ahorow yi mu:

• Wɔ mmofra a wonnii mfe 5 fam.
• Wɔ mpanyimfo a wɔadi boro mfe 65 fam no.
• Wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw (titiriw sɛ wɔayɛ biribi te sɛ akwaa a wɔde si ananmu a).
• Wɔ wɔn a wɔwɔ tebea horow te sɛ ayamtu, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), ne ahurututu mu nyarewa afoforo a enni sabea (Interstitial lung disease) fam no.

Dɛn ne parainfluenza mmoawa no ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Mpɛn pii no, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no nyɛ den wɔ mpanyimfo mu, nanso ebetumi ayɛ kɛse wɔ mmofra nkumaa ne wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Hwɛ sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi te sɛ nea wunim anaa:

• Huraeɛ.
• Ɔfe: Eyi betumi ayɛ ɔfe a ɛfata na ɛyɛ tiaa. Anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ dede te sɛ ɔkraman a ɔrebobom (Croup) . Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebetumi ayɛ ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ahurututu (Bronchitis) ka ho.
• Hwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Menewa mu yaw/anom a ɛyɛ yaw.
• Nnyigyei a ɛyɛ hu anaa stridor bere a wɔrehome no.
• Nnyigyei a ɛyɛ dede.
• Fefe a wɔfe.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na parainfluenza mmoawa yi ka yɛn?

Saa mmoawa yi nam obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no a ɔne no di nkitaho tẽẽ anaasɛ ɛnte saa so na ɛtrɛw. Fa no sɛ, w’adamfo no anya atiridii. Sɛ ɔfefe anaa ɔfefe a, nsu nketenkete a mmoawa no wom no pue kɔ mframa mu.Ebetumi akɔ wo hwene ne w’ano. Anaasɛ saa nsu nketenkete no betumi akɔ wo nsa so na akɔ wo hwene ne w’ano bere a wode wo nsa ka w’anim no.

Ɔkwan foforo so no:

• Bere a obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no kɔfe anaa ɔfefe.
• Ɛnam sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka biribi (e.g. apon ano nhama, kɔmputa, telefon) a mmoawa no wɔ so na afei wode saa nsa koro no ara aka w’anim, w’ano, w’anom, anaa w’ani so.
• Ɛdenam obi a ɔyare nsa ne n’anim a wobɛka, na afei wode wo nsa aka w’ankasa w’anim, w’ano, hwene, ne w’ani so.
• Mmofra nkumaa betumi anya saa yare yi afi mmofra afoforo hɔ anaasɛ wɔde wɔn nsa ka nneɛma te sɛ pon, agode, ne agoprama so nneɛma. Susuw ho hwɛ, mmofra nkumaa taa de agode hyɛ wɔn anom, de wɔn nsa hyɛ wɔn anom. Enti ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobetumi akyere eyi.

So eyi bɛwo ntɛm?

Yiw, parainfluenza yɛ mmoawa a ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ wobenya afi onipa mu akɔ onipa foforo mu. Ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm titiriw wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu efisɛ wɔnte ahotew ase te sɛ mpanyimfo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu eyi?

Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo nyɛ nhwehwɛmu pɔtee bi mfa nhwehwɛ parainfluenza mmoawa no. Nanso, sɛ wɔyɛ saa a, wobetumi de aduru tenten a wɔde kotoku ayɛ mu nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ afi wo hwene anaa wo menewam. Wɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan bi mu kɔhwɛ sɛ HPIV ne mmoawa ne mmoawa afoforo wɔ hɔ anaa.

Nnuruyɛfo taa hu nyarewa a saa ``HPIV'' yi de ba denam wo sɛnkyerɛnne a wobisa ne wo nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ so. Nneɛma bi a ebia wɔbɛyɛ bere a wɔrehwehwɛ wo mu ni:

• Wo koma ne w’ahurututu a wubetie.
• Wo hwene ne w’ano a wobɛhwɛ.
• Fa ahama bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa so susuw wo mogya mmoroso.
• Pulse oximeter, anaa pulse ox, yɛ afiri a wɔde susuw oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu denam biribi te sɛ ade a wɔde kyekyere nsateaa ho a wɔde bata nsateaa ho no so.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn adi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma wɔ fie?

Nnipa dodow no ara tumi di HPIV yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den ho dwuma wɔ fie. Mpanyimfo betumi de nnuru bi a wɔtɔn a wɔmfa nnuru nhyɛ mu adi dwuma. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo hwehwɛ bere nyinaa ansa na wode aduru biara ama wo ba. Wɔnkamfo aspirin nkyerɛ mmofra a wonnii mfe 16 titiriw.

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ wɔ fie na ama yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no afi hɔ:

• Nya ahomegye pii. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ worenyɛ wo nipadua adwuma dodo.
• Nom nsu pii te sɛ nsu ne soup. Eyi bɛboa ma wo nipadua mu nsu antɔ.
• Fa humidifier di dwuma wɔ wo dan mu anaa wo ba dan mu. Eyi betumi aboa ma menewam a ɛyɛ yaw, hwene a asiw, ne ɔfe no afi hɔ.
• Wubetumi de acetaminophen (Tylenol®) anaa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a ɛnyɛ steroid (NSAIDs) adi dwuma de atew atiridiinini so na ama nipadua mu yaw afi hɔ . Nanso, hwɛ hu sɛ wubehu dodow pɔtee a wode bɛma mmofra sɛ wode rema mmofra a.
• Wubetumi de nnuru a wɔde siw ɔfe ano, nnuru a wɔde siw ɔfe ano, nnuru a wɔde siw ɔfe ano, anaa nnuru a wɔde siw menewam ano adi dwuma, a egyina wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so. Nanso, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛfa eyinom wɔ nnuruyɛfo afotu ase nkutoo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi parainfluenza ho?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, wonnya nnyaa aduru biara a wɔde bɛbɔ wɔn ho ban afi parainfluenza mmoawa no ho. Nanso, da biara da nneyɛe bi betumi aboa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya yare no so atew:

• Fa samina ne nsu hohoro wo nsa yiye daa. Sɛ samina ne nsu nni hɔ a, fa nsa a wɔde tew nsa a nsa wom di dwuma.
• Kata wo hwene ne w’ano bere a wofefe anaa worefefe no. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛfefe/fefe akɔ wo nsateaa anaa ntini bi mu. Mfa wo nsa a ɛda hɔ kwa nyɛ.
• Sɛ wo anaa obi foforo wɔ yare bi a ɛde ɔyare ba te sɛ atiridiinini a, to wo ne afoforo ntam nkitahodi ano hye.
• Sɛ woyare na ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne nnipa afoforo bɔ a, hyɛ akatawia.
• Kwati sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka w’anim, w’ani, wo hwene, ne w’ano bere nyinaa.
• Mfa aduan, anonne, nkuku, anaa nkuku nnkyɛ afoforo.
• Kyerɛkyerɛ mmofra nkumaa sɛnea wɔhohoro wɔn nsa yiye ne ahotew ho su afoforo ntɛm ara sɛnea wobetumi.

Sɛ minya saa yare yi a, dɛn na ɛba? Ɛbɛkɔ so akyɛ ahe?

Anyɛ yiye koraa no, nnipa dodow no ara nya mmoawa (HPIV) no pɛnkoro ansa na wɔadi mfe 5. Sɛ wɔsan nya bi wɔ mmofra a wɔanyinyin ne mpanyimfo mu a, mpɛn pii no, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no nyɛ den. Nnipa dodow no ara tumi di wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ho dwuma wɔ fie. Nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no. Mmofra nkumaa, nnipa a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea, ne nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw na wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wɔbɛyare denneennen.

Ɛdenam HPIV yare no ko a wowɔ so no, ebia wobɛyare nna kakraa bi kosi dapɛn biako. Nsɛnkyerɛnne bi (te sɛ ɔfe) betumi atra hɔ adapɛn abien anaa nea ɛboro saa.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, mmofra a wonnii mfe 5, mpanyimfo a wɔadi boro mfe 65, ne wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no betumi anya yare a emu yɛ den afi HPIV ahorow mu. Nsɛnnennen a ɛtaa ba ne ahurututu mu yare ne croup a emu yɛ den. N’abien nyinaa betumi ama ayɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome na ebia ebehia sɛ wɔde no kɔ ayaresabea.

Nokwarem no, mmofra dodow bi a ɛho hia a wɔde wɔn kɔ ayaresabea esiane ɔhome mu nyarewa nti no fi saa ``HPIV'' nyarewa yi.

Mmere bɛn na eye sen biara a wubetumi akɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne anaa sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den a ɛkyerɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Croup'' a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne:

• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ hu, te sɛ ɔkraman a ɔrebobom.
• Sɛ woreyɛ dede bere a worehome a (Noisy breathing).
• Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw wɔ ahomegye mu a.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no rehu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den yiye a , kɔ ayaresabea dan a ɛbɛn wo a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no bi ne:

• Atiridiinini a ano yɛ den yiye (boro 103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den kɛse.
• Nsu a ɛba biara nni hɔ anaasɛ kakraa bi pɛ na ɛba.
• Ɛyaw a ɛkɔ so wɔ koko anaa yafunu mu.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo hyew bere nyinaa a.
• Ntini mu yaw a emu yɛ den anaa mmerɛwyɛ.
• Honam ani, anofafa, anaa nsateaa nnadewa a ɛsakra bruu (cyanosis) (eyi betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no sua).
• Ntini a ɛma obi ho kyere no .

Nsɛmmisa bi a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɛbɛyɛ nea mfaso wɔ so sɛ wubebisa nsɛm yi:

• Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ fie?
• Nnuru bɛn na wɔtɔn (OTC nnuru) a metumi de adi dwuma?
• Nnuru bɛn na metumi de ama me ba? Dɛn ne dodow a wɔde ma?
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ yiye?
• Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu?
• Wopɛ sɛ woba bɛhyia bio?
• Bere tenten ahe na ebegye ansa na ne ho atɔ no?

Nkrasɛm a Etwa To a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Parainfluenza mmoawa (HPIVs) yɛ mmoawa kuw bi a wɔtaa de nyarewa fi atiridiinini so kosi tebea horow te sɛ croup so. Mpanyimfo dodow no ara nya bi na wɔnyare. Nanso, nnipa binom betumi ayare kɛse afi saa mmoawa yi mu. Sɛ woadi boro mfe 65, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw, anaasɛ wowɔ abofra a onnii mfe 5 a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ yiye sɛ wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a emu yɛ den. Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaasɛ wobɛkɔ ayaresabea dan a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ a ɛbɛn wo no mu. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Parainfluenza, HPIV, ɔhome mu nyarewa, ɔfe, atiridiinini, croup, ahurututu mu yare, ahurututu mu yare, mmofra akwahosan, ɔyare mmoawa