Momma yɛnhwehwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu (Blood Glucose Test) ho asɛm? So wɔyɛ eyi ma asikreyare nkutoo?

Hɛlo! Wo ho te sɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka asɛmti bi a ɛho hia nnipa bebree ho asɛm. Ɛne sɛ, asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu a yɛbɛhwɛ, anaa sɛnea yɛfrɛ no no, ``Mogya mu Glucose Test''. Ebia woayɛ saa ``sɔhwɛ'' yi. Anaasɛ ebia woate sɛ obi reka ho asɛm. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛyɛ, nea enti a wɔyɛ, ne sɛnea wɔyɛ, ne nyinaa wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.

Dɛn ne Mogya mu Glucose Nhwehwɛmu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde susuw glucose (asikre) dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Wɔde eyi di dwuma titiriw de hu sɛ ebia wowɔ asikreyare anaasɛ wowɔ asiane mu sɛ wubenya asikreyare. Nanso, ɛnyɛ asikreyare nko na wɔde saa sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma. Yɛbɛka saa asɛm no ho asɛm akyiri yi.

Sɔhwɛ yi ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Afei hwɛ, akwan abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ mogya mu asikre nhwehwɛmu yi.

• Capillary blood glucose test: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode ade ketewaa bi bɛbɔ wo nsateaa ano na woafa mogya bi. Wɔ mmofra nkumaa fam no, wɔtaa yɛ eyi fi nan ase. Afei wɔde mogya a ɛtɔ gu fam no gu sɔhwɛ krataa so na wɔde hyɛ glucose mita bi mu, na ebetumi asusuw asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu. Ebia woahu nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare sɛ wɔrehwɛ wɔn mogya mu asikre wɔ fie wɔ saa kwan yi so. Eyi ma wonya nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm yiye.

• Venous/Plasma mogya mu glucose nhwehwɛmu: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode syringe fa mogya kakraa bi fi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu mu. Phlebotomist, obi a wɔatete no sɛ ɔmfa mogya na ɔyɛ eyi. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi de ka mogya mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo te sɛ Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) ho. Afei wɔde mogya no kɔ adwumayɛbea bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no ɔkwan biara so a, nea wonya fi ntini mu mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen nea wonya fi nsateaa mu nhwehwɛmu mu.

So glucose nhwehwɛmu ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, akwan foforo pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ saa.

• Mmuadadi Mogya mu Asikre Nhwehwɛmu: Eyi nso yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia a wɔde hu sɛ ebia wowɔ asikreyare anaa. Asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu no sesa bere a yɛadi awie no. Enti, ɛdenam saa ``sɔhwɛ`` yi a wobɛyɛ wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi akyi (mpɛn pii no nnɔnhwerew 8-12) a wunnidi anaa woannom biribiara (wubetumi anom nsu nkutoo) so no, wubetumi anya wo ``mfitiase mogya mu asikre`` ho adwene a emu da hɔ.

• Glucose a wɔhwɛ wɔ fie: Eyi ho hia yiye ma nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare. Wɔhwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wɔn mogya mu daa, sɛ́ ebia wɔde glucose mita a ɛde ade ketewaa bi bɔ wɔn nsateaa mu, anaasɛ wɔde kɔ so hwɛ glucose monitor (CGM), afiri ketewaa bi a wɔde bata honam ani. Asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a wobɛkɔ so ahu wɔ saa kwan yi so no ho hia na ama woatumi adi wo asikreyare so.

Dɛn ankasa ne glucose (asikre) a ɛwɔ mogya no mu?

Susuw ho hwɛ, glucose ne pɛtro titiriw a ɛma yɛn nipadua no nya ahoɔden. Saa glucose yi fi carbohydrates a ɛwɔ nnuan a yedi na yɛnom mu no mu dodow no ara. Yɛn mmerɛbo nso ma glucose bi ba. Saa glucose yi fa mogya no mu kɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa mu, na ɛma wonya ahoɔden a wohia.

Nneɛma ahorow bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛboa ma glucose dodow a ɛfata wɔ mogya no mu kɔ so tra hɔ. Hormone insulin di dwuma titiriw wɔ eyi mu.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛma wo mogya mu glucose dodow akɔ so ayɛ nea ɛfata.

Sɛ wo mogya mu glucose dodow kɔ soro bere nyinaa a, wɔfrɛ no hyperglycemia. Eyi taa yɛ asikreyare ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Asikreyare ba bere a wo dwensɔtwaa no ntumi nyɛ insulin a ɛdɔɔso, anaasɛ bere a wo nipadua no ntumi mfa insulin a ɛyɛ no nni dwuma yiye no.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu?

Nneɛma pii nti na ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ woyɛ saa `sɔhwɛ` yi. Hwɛ sɛ eyinom mu bi fa wo ho anaa:

• Sɛ́ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a woyɛ daa a wo duruyɛfo ahyɛ sɛ: Ɛtɔ da bi a wo duruyɛfo bɛkra ``Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)`` anaa ``Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)`` sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa. Saa ``panels`` abien yi nyinaa nso ka ho ne sɛ wobɛsusuw wo glucose dodow.
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu dɔɔso anaa ɛba fam: Wote nka sɛ sukɔm de wo kɛse, wotaa tow wo ho, wo mu duru so tew, na wote ɔbrɛ, a ɛyɛ asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a ɛdɔɔso (Hypoglycemia) ho sɛnkyerɛnne, anaasɛ sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no sua (Hypoglycemia), te sɛ fifiri, wosow, wote nka sɛ wowosow, na wote nka sɛ ɔkɔm de wo a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi.
• Wɔ nyinsɛn mu: Nnipa binom tumi nya asikreyare bi a ɛba bere tiaa bi a wɔfrɛ no ``gestational diabetes'' wɔ nyinsɛn mu. Eyi nso ne sɛnea wɔsusuw asikre a ɛwɔ mogya mu bere a wɔyɛ ``glucose tolerance test'' de hu no.
• Sɛ wonom nnuru bi bere tenten a: Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru te sɛ corticosteroids betumi aka asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu bere tenten a. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ebia wo duruyɛfo betu wo fo sɛ hwɛ asikre dodow a wowɔ no daa.

Asikre ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ mogya mu ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ asikreyare a ɛto so abien (T2D) wɔ hɔ anaa. Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma a ɛde asikreyare ba (sɛ nhwɛso no, abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛfa asikreyare ho, kɛseyɛ mmoroso, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wonnya) a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi daa, a mfe a woadi mfa ho. Amerika Asikreyare Fekuw no kamfo kyerɛ sɛ obiara a wadi boro mfe 35 nyɛ nhwehwɛmu daa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ wusiesie wo ho ansa na sɔhwɛ yi aba?

Sɛ woreyɛ mmuadadi mogya mu glucose nhwehwɛmu a, .Nni anaa nnom biribiara (gye nsu) nnɔnhwerew 8 kosi 12 ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no.

Sɛ wɔyɛ wo mogya mu asikre nhwehwɛmu sɛ ``Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)`` anaa ``Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)`` fã a, ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wudi mmuada nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi. Nanso, sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wudi akwankyerɛ titiriw biara akyi a, wo duruyɛfo no bedi kan ama woahu. Enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn ho.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Eyi nso gu ahorow kakra a egyina sɔhwɛ ko a woreyɛ so.

Wɔ sɔhwɛ a wogye mogya fi ntini bi mu (Venous glucose test) mu no:

• Wɔbɛtena akongua bi so.
• Afei phlebotomist no bɛpaw ntini bi a ɛnyɛ den wɔ wo basa mu a wobɛtwe mogya afi mu. Mpɛn pii no, ɛwɔ nsateaa mu.
• Sɛ wohu ntini no wie a, wɔhohoro baabi a ɛwɔ no yiye na wɔde nnuru a ekum mmoawa gu mu.
• Afei wɔde ade ketewaa bi hyɛ ntini no mu na wogye mogya.
• Sɛ wɔde ade no hyɛ mu wie a, wɔboaboa mogya kakraa bi ano wɔ afiri ketewa bi a wɔde sɔ hwɛ mu.
• Sɛ wɔfa mogya no wie a, woyi ade no na wɔde kotoku anaa gauze asinasin bi gu beae no na ama mogya no agyae.
• Awiei koraa no, fa aduru ketewaa bi gu baabi a ɛwɔ hɔ no na woawie. Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye.

Wɔ nsateaa ano nhwehwɛmu (Capillary blood glucose test) mu no:

• Akwahosan ho dwumayɛni bi bebisa wo nsateaa a ɛsɛ sɛ wugye mogya fi mu.
• Afei, wɔde nsateaa hohoro wo nsateaa ano.
• Afei, wɔde ade ketewa bi a wɔfrɛ no ``lancet'' (eyi taa wɔ plastic afiri ketewa bi mu) na ɛbɔ nsateaa no ano. Eyi nyɛ yaw kɛse.
• Afei, pia wo nsateaa ano kakra na ama mogya atɔ mu.
• Wɔde saa mogya a ɛtɔ gu fam no gu sɔhwɛ krataa bi a wɔde bata glucose mita ho so.
• Sɛ wɔnom mogya a ɛdɔɔso ma nhwehwɛmu no wie a, wɔbɛma wo kotoku anaa gauze bi a ɛbɛma mogya no agyae na wɔaka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa wo nsateaa ano denneennen.
• Wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu no, glucose mita no bɛkyerɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu wɔ screen no so.

Woahu, eyi nso yɛ mmerɛw yiye.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔahu nea efi mu ba?

Sɛ woyɛ mogya mu glucose nhwehwɛmu wɔ ntini mu a, mpɛn pii no wubetumi anya nea efi mu ba no wɔ da koro anaa nnanu ntam.

Wobetumi de glucose mita ahwɛ nea efi mogya mu glucose nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ mogya ntini mu mu ba no wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ asikre dodow a ɛfata wɔ mogya mu no yɛ?

Ɛsɛ sɛ mogya mu glucose dodow a ɛfata ma obi a onni asikreyare no yɛ miligram 70 kosi 99 wɔ deciliter biara mu (mg/dL) . Ɛne sɛ, wɔ milimole lita biara mu (mmol/L), efi 3.9 kosi 5.5 (3.9-5.5 mmol/L) .

Ɛtɔ da bi a, gyinapɛn a ɛwɔ 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) ne 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) ntam mpo betumi ayɛ "nea ɛfata" ama nnipa a wonni asikreyare.

Dɛn na asikre a ɛdɔɔso wɔ mogya mu no kyerɛ?

Sɛ wo mogya mu glucose dodow yɛ 100 mg/dL kosi 125 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L ne 6.9 mmol/L) a, ɛtaa kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a edi kan . Nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare a edi kan no wɔ hokwan 50% sɛ wobenya asikreyare a ɛto so abien wɔ mfe 5 kosi 10 a edi hɔ no mu. Nanso nea eye sen biara ne sɛ, wubetumi ayɛ nneɛma bi de asan asikreyare a edi kan no.

Sɛ wo mogya mu glucose dodow yɛ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ mmuadadi mogya mu asikre nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii mu a, ɛtaa kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ asikreyare. Nnipa a wɔwɔ Asikreyare a Ɛto so 1 no betumi anya asikre dodow a ɛkɔ soro yiye wɔ mogya mu (200 mg/dL anaa 11.1 mmol/L anaa nea ɛboro saa).

Sɛnea ɛte biara no, ɛda adi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ A1c nhwehwɛmu ansa na wahu sɛ wowɔ yare no. A1c nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu wɔ asram pii mu.

So nneɛma afoforo wɔ hɔ a enti asikre dodow kɔ soro wɔ mogya mu?

Yiw, asikreyare da nkyɛn a, mogya mu glucose dodow betumi akɔ soro esiane nneɛma afoforo pii nti:

• Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ wo adrenal glands ho, sɛ nhwɛso no, Cushing syndrome.
• Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛba wo dwensɔtwaa mu, sɛ nhwɛso no, dwensɔtwaa mu yare.
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu a ɛboro so.
• Adwene mu nhyɛso a ɛho hia a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu, sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ oprehyɛn anaa akwanhyia a emu yɛ den (ahodwiriw) akyi.
• Nnuru bi, titiriw corticosteroids.

Dɛn na asikre a ɛba mogya mu no kyerɛ?

Wobu asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu a ɛyɛ 70 mg/dL anaa nea ɛba fam (Hypoglycemia) sɛ ɛba fam koraa ma ɔpanyin a ɔwɔ asikreyare.

Asikreyare a ɛba fam no taa ba nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare a ɛto so 1 mu. Wobetumi aka nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare a ɛto so abien a wɔnom nnuru bi nso. Nanso, wɔntaa nhu wɔ nnipa a wonni asikreyare mu.

Sɛ wunni asikreyare mpo a, mogya mu glucose dodow a ɛba fam betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ:

• Mmɛn mu yare
• Asaabo mu yare
• Hypothyroidism a ɛma mogya tu
• Addison yare (adrenal a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye) .
• Nsa a Wɔnom (AUD) .
• Insulinoma (Eyi yɛ akisikuru a ɛntaa nsi koraa) .

Saa tebea horow yi taa ma asikre a ɛwɔ mogya mu no so tew mpɛn pii. Ɛnsɛ sɛ obi a onni asikreyare suro sɛ asikre a ɛwɔ mogya mu a ɛba fam pɛnkoro pɛ.

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka bere a wuhu sɔhwɛ bi a ɛyɛ soronko no. Nanso kae sɛ asikre dodow a ɛkɔ soro anaa ɛba fam pɛnkoro wɔ wo mogya mu no nkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi anaasɛ wuhia ayaresa. Nnuruyɛfo de nea ɛsen mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kɛkɛ na edi dwuma de hu tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare. Nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo.

Okay, enti nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyinom nyinaa mu? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Okay, yɛaka saa ``Mogya mu Glucose Test'' yi ho asɛm pii. Nneɛma bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae tiawa ni:

• Ɛwom sɛ wɔde mogya mu asikre mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw di dwuma de hu asikreyare de, nanso ebetumi ama wɔanya akwahosan tebea afoforo ho nsɛnkyerɛnne nso.
• Wɔ nsateaa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm akyi no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow a edi mu kɛse wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu denam mogya a wɔtwe fi ntini bi mu so.
• Asikre a ɛwɔ mogya mu a wobɛyɛ mmuadadi betumi ama woanya asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu mfiase no ho adwene pa.
• Ansa na wobɛbɔ hu wɔ nea ebefi mu aba no ho no, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Mfa nea efi sɔhwɛ biako mu ba no so nkyerɛ sɛ obi anya yare no.
• Sɛ wowɔ asiane mu sɛ wubenya asikreyare, anaasɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ woma wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi daa sɛnea wo duruyɛfo tu fo no.
• Asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu a wɔbɛma akɔ so ayɛ nea ɛfata no ho hia na ama obi anya asetra a ahoɔden wom.

Enti, sɛ wo duruyɛfoɔ ka kyerɛ wo da bi sɛ yɛ saa ``(Blood Glucose Test)'' yi a, biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro anaasɛ wobɛdwene ho. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛho hia ara kwa sɛ woyɛ de hwɛ w’akwahosan. Ate aseɛ?

` Mogya mu asikre, glucose nhwehwɛmu, asikreyare, asikre dodow, mmuadadi nhwehwɛmu, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia