So yɛbɛka wo nipadua ahoɔden adwumayɛbea – metabolism ho asɛm kɛkɛ?

So woasusuw sɛnea yɛn nipadua nya ahoɔden fi aduan a yedi mu ho pɛn? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra kɛkɛ . Ɛte sɛ adwumayɛbea ketewaa bi a ennyae wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Saa adwumayɛbea yi na ɛma yɛtra ase, home, susuw nneɛma ho, tu mmirika, huruw, na mpo ɛboa yɛn ma yɛn ho tɔ yɛn bere a yɛyare no.

Dɛn ankasa ne nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ nnuru a ɛkɔ so wɔ wo nipadua mu nkwammoaa mu wɔ sekan biara mu nyinaa a wɔaka abom. Saa nneɛma yi na ɛma aduan ne anonne a wudi no dan ahoɔden. Saa ahoɔden yi te sɛ pɛtro ma wo kar. Wɔfrɛ eyinom nyinaa a wɔma ɛkari pɛ no homeostasis. Ɛne sɛ, abɔde mu tumi a ɛboa ma biribiara a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no tu mmirika yiye na ɛfata.

Sɛ yɛka nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho asɛm a, yɛtaa susuw calories dodow a yɛhyew fi aduan a yedi mu no ho. Wɔfrɛ eyi wo ``Metabolic Rate`` . Nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ mu:

• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): Eyi ne ahoɔden dodow a wo nipadua hia na ama watumi akura ne dwumadi atitiriw (home, koma a ɛbɔ) mu bere mpo a wonyɛ hwee kɛkɛ (te sɛ nna).
• Aduan a Ɛma Ɔhyew Ba: Sɛ yedi aduan a, egye ahoɔden na yɛatumi ayam na yɛatwe emu aduannuru. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ no thermic effect a ɛwɔ aduan mu no.
• Ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Wuhia ahoɔden bere a wutu mmirika, wuhuruw, woteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu, na wonantew no.

Nanso ɛnyɛ calories a wɔhyew kɛkɛ na nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ. Ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den kɛse a ɛka yɛn nipadua nyinaa akwahosan.

Enti, dɛn na saa nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra yi yɛ yɛn nipadua?

Wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ ɔkwan a wo nipadua no fa so yɛ biribiara a ɛyɛ. Saa ahoɔden yi fi aduan a yedi mu. Sɛ woda mpo a, wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no nnyae da. Ɛkɔ so yɛ adwuma, na ɛma wo nipadua no kɔ so tu mmirika. Susuw nneɛma yi ho hwɛ:

• Ahome a wɔhome
• Mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu (mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa) .
• Nnuan a wɔyam
• Nkwammoaa nyin na wosiesie (eyi nti na akuru sa) .
• Hormone dodow a wɔhwɛ so
• Nipadua mu hyew a wɔhwɛ so

Sɛ nkwammoaa nya nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa na ɛma nkwa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wotumi yɛ nsakrae wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛresakra no mu, bere mpo a wɔagye wɔn ahome no. Eyi ka tebea horow te sɛ:

• Adidi bere
• Mmuadadi mmere (`Mmuadadi`) .
• Ɔkɔm de wɔn
• Bere a wode wo ho hyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ mu no
• Bere a woyare, wo werɛ ahow, anaa woapira no
• Wɔ nyinsɛn ne nufu mu

Eyi kyerɛ wo sɛ ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ adwuma wɔ "ahoɔhare" koro mu. Wɔ da no mu mmere ahorow mu no, esiane nneɛma ahorow nti, wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no ma wo nipadua no de ahoɔden pii anaa kakraa bi di dwuma.

Nneɛma atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra mu, ɛnte saa?

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na yɛakyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛkɔ so wɔ nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra mu kakra no, nneɛma atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ: catabolism ne anabolism .

Catabolism yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma wokyekyɛ aduannuru akɛse a wudi – a ɛne carbohydrates, protein ne aduan mu srade – mu ma ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wo nipadua no bubu carbohydrates mu ma ɛyɛ glucose. Saa glucose yi fi mogya no mu sɛ asikre. Nipadua no nso sie saa glucose yi sɛ glycogen – titiriw wɔ wo ntini ne mmerɛbo mu. Saa aduannuru akɛse yi ne “petrol” a wo nipadua mu nkwammoaa biara hia.

Anabolism yɛ nea ɛne catabolism bɔ abira. Wo nipadua no fa nneɛma nketenkete (te sɛ amino acid) na ɛka bom yɛ nneɛma akɛse (te sɛ protein). Sɛ woapira a, ɛsɛ sɛ wo nipadua no sa yare. Ɛno ne bere a anabolism ho hia yiye. Ɛho hia nso ma nnompe nyin ne ntini a ɛyɛ den.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, catabolism yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma nneɛma akɛse bubu. Anabolism yɛ adeyɛ a wɔde bom nneɛma nketenkete de yɛ nneɛma akɛse. Saa abien yi te sɛ keteke akwan abien; biako ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a ɔfoforo no nka ho.

Abusuabɔ bɛn na ɛda nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ne yɛn mu duru ntam?

Nnipa pii susuw sɛ ade titiriw a ɛma wo mu duru yɛ kɛse anaasɛ wo mu duru so tew ne ɔhaw a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no mu. Nanso nokwarem no, wo nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no fi awosu mu yɛ nea ɛfata ma ɛne wo nipadua ahiade hyia. Ɛntaa mma sɛ nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra nkutoo na ɛma obi mu duru yɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛso tew. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wo nipadua de calories pii di dwuma sen nea wudi a, wo mu duru so tew. Sɛ nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira si a, wo mu duru yɛ kɛse. Nanso, nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛka calories dodow a wo nipadua hia – emu pii yɛ den ma yɛn sɛ yɛbɛka ho asɛm anaasɛ yebehu no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Dɛn ne "ntɛmntɛm" ne "brɛoo" nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra?

Obi a ɔwɔ "ntɛmntɛm" metabolism, anaasɛ fast basal metabolic rate (`Fast BMR`), hyew calories pii mpo bere mpo a ogyina hɔ ara kwa. Sɛ wowɔ "brɛoo" metabolism, anaasɛ brɛoo `BMR` a, wo nipadua hia calories kakraa bi na ama woatumi ayɛ da biara da dwumadi ahorow.Nanso kae sɛ wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no nkutoo nkyerɛ wo nipadua kɛse, na wo nipadua kɛse nso nkyerɛ sɛnea wo nipadua no yɛ adwuma.

Dɛn ne saa nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no mu ɔhaw ahorow yi?

Nkwammoaa mu yare yɛ tebea biara a ɛba bere a ɔhaw bi wɔ ɔkwan a wo nipadua fa so de ahoɔden di dwuma no mu. Esiane sɛ nneɛma a enni ano a ɛka ho wɔ nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra mu no mu biara betumi aka nti, nyarewa ahorow yi ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Sɛnea wubetumi asusuw ho no, nyarewa yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne gu ahorow koraa.

Nneɛma a ebetumi de nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho haw aba no bi ni:

• Aduan a wonnya nni: Sɛ nhwɛso no, vitamin D a wonnya no betumi atew calcium a ɛtwetwe no so, na ebetumi aka nnompe akwahosan. Iron a enni nipadua mu no betumi ama mogya atɔ mogya.
• Calorie a ɛnkari pɛ: Sɛ wudi calorie kakraa bi sen sɛnea wo nipadua hia wɔ bere bi mu a, wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no betumi abrɛ ase. Saa ara na sɛ wudi calories pii dodo a, wubetumi ayɛ wo mu duru.
• Enzyme a enni nipadua mu anaa ɔhaw ahorow: Tebea horow a wonya fi awo mu te sɛ phenylketonuria (PKU) ba bere a nipadua no nni enzyme a ehia na ama protein ahorow bi abubu no.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛnkari pɛ: Thyroid ho haw ahorow te sɛ hypothyroidism (thyroid a ɛnyɛ adwuma) betumi ama nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no ayɛ brɛoo, na ama obi abrɛ na ne mu duru ayɛ kɛse. Hyperthyroidism (thyroid a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so) betumi ama ayɛ ntɛmntɛm, na ama obi mu duru so atew.
• Nkɛntɛnso a nnuru, nnuru, ne awuduru nya: Nnuru te sɛ corticosteroids a wɔde di dwuma bere tenten no betumi ama obi mu duru ayɛ kɛse na insulin ayɛ den. Nsã a wɔnom boro so betumi asiw mmerɛbo no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no kwan.

Nkwammoaa mu yare atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ: nea wubetumi anya akyiri yi wɔ w’asetra mu (Acquired) ne nea wɔwo wo (Genetic).

Nkwammoaa mu Nyarewa a Wonya

Nneɛma bi a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no sɔre wɔ wo nkwa nna mu. Saa nyarewa yi mu pii yɛ endocrine system tebea horow na ɛne hormone a ɛnkari pɛ wɔ abusuabɔ. Ebetumi afi akwaa a ɛsɛe, nyarewa, anaa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ntua mu. Nanso, nneɛma afoforo nso wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba.

Nyarewa a ɛtete saa ho nhwɛso ahorow bi ne:

• Asikreyare (Eyi ne nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no mu ɔhaw a ɛtaa ba) .
• Thyroid nyarewa (sɛ nhwɛso no, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism) .
• Mu duru a Ɛnyɛ Den ne Kɛse mmoroso
• Nkwammoaa mu Nkwammoaa mu Nyarewa
• Insulin a Ɛko Tia
• Cushing Yare a Ɛyɛ Fɛ

Nkwammoaa mu Nkwammoaa mu Nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu

Inherited Metabolic Disorders, anaa Inborn Errors of Metabolism yɛ nyarewa kuw bi a ɛka ɔkwan a wo nipadua fa so di aduannuru anaa enzyme ahorow bi ho dwuma. Wɔnam awosu mu nsakrae (`Genetic Variant`) a ɛwɔ wo DNA mu na ɛde ba. Wunya eyinom fi w’awofo a wɔwoo wo no mu biako anaa wɔn baanu nyinaa hɔ.

Nyarewa ɔhaha pii te sɛ eyi wɔ hɔ – emu pii ho yɛ na yiye. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne:

• Glycogen a Wɔkora So Nyarewa
• Hemochromatosis a ɛma mogya tu
• Lysosomal Nneɛma a Wɔkora So Ho Nsɛnnennen
• Maple Syrup Nsuo mu Yareɛ
• Mitochondrial Nyarewa a Ɛba
• Tay-Sachs Yare a Ɛyare no
• Wilson yare no

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ na ama nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no akɔ so ayɛ adwuma yiye?

Wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no akwahosan ne wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ nea wuntumi nni so kɛse. Nanso, anammɔn bi a wubetumi ayɛ de aboa ma wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ne w’akwahosan nyinaa anya nkɔso ni:

• Kɔ so di aduan a ɛkari pɛ. Mma nntwa adidi so. Wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ adwuma yiye bere a ɛwɔ ahoɔden fibea a enhinhim no. Sɛ wugyae aduan anaasɛ wudi calories kakraa bi a, ebetumi ama wo nipadua mu nneɛma ayɛ brɛoo.
• Fa w’adwene si nnuan a ahoɔden wom so. Paw nnuaba a wɔayɛ no foforo, nhabannuru, protein a ɛnyɛ den, aburow a wɔayam, ne srade a ahoɔden wom.
• Kɔ so yɛ nnam. Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, titiriw ahoɔden ntetee ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wɔde ko tia nyarewa no boa ma ntini ahorow no yɛ kɛse. Ntini hyew calories pii sen srade, bere mpo a wugyina hɔ ara kwa no. Eyi betumi ama wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no akɔ soro.
• Da sɛnea ɛsɛ. Dae pa ho hia na ama nipadua no mu nneɛma ayɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ woanna sɛnea ɛsɛ a, ebetumi asɛe wo hormone ahorow na atew tumi a wo nipadua no de di dwuma yiye no so.
• Nom nsu pii. Nsu a ɛdɔɔso a wobɛnom no boa ma wo nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ adwuma yiye. Nsu a ɛho ntew kakra mpo betumi ama wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no ayɛ brɛoo.
• Kwati aduan a ɛtra so anaa mmuadadi a ɛkyɛ.Ɛdenam calories a wobɛtew so mpofirim dodo anaasɛ wobɛkɔ so adi mmuada so no, wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no betumi abrɛ ase na wo nipadua no afi ase akora ahoɔden so.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ me nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ nea ɛfata?

Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛyɛ den ma yɛn sɛ yɛbɛhwɛ so wɔ fie. Nnuruyɛfo de aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea wo nipadua no yɛ adwuma (sɛnea wo nipadua no nyinaa reyɛ adwuma yiye). Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu abien a wɔtaa de yɛ eyi ne Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) ne Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) . Nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu biara hwehwɛ nneɛma pii a ɛho hia wɔ wo mogya mu. Eyinom ma wonya nsɛm a ɛho hia fa wo nipadua mu nnuru a ɛkari pɛ ne sɛnea ɛsakra no ho.

Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, mpanyimfo nyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi biako pɛnkoro afe biara. Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba te sɛ asikreyare, mogya mmoroso, anaa kɛseyɛ mmoroso a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ wonyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mpɛn pii. Nea ɛka ho no, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo ahorow ne nsu mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ahwɛ ɔhaw pii a ɛwɔ nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no mu.

Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho, anaasɛ worehyia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛyɛ soronko te sɛ wo mu duru a ɛkɔ soro a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu anaa ɔbrɛ a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Obetumi akamfo nhwehwɛmu ahorow akyerɛ na ama woate w’akwahosan ase yiye na aboa wo ma atu mpɔn.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no te sɛ kuw bi a wɔyɛ adwumaden wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Sɛ ɛnyɛ wɔn a, na yentumi nhome, nsusuw nneɛma ho, anaasɛ yɛrentumi ntra ase. Yɛtaa susuw nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho wɔ calories dodow a yɛhyew ho, nanso emu dɔ na ɛyɛ den sen saa. Ɛho hia yiye ma w’akwahosan nyinaa.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen bi wɔ wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho a, nsuro sɛ wo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa awogyefo bɛkasa. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo. Ate aseɛ? Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo nipadua so.

` Nneɛma a ɛsakra, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, ahoɔden, aduan a wɔyam, mu duru a wɔhwɛ so, akwahosan, nipadua mu nneɛma mu nyarewa