Momma yensua akokodurufo nketewa a wɔwɔ wo nipadua mu no ho ade - Lymphatic Capillaries.

So woasusuw nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa pii a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a yennim mpo ho pɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka lymphatic capillaries, anaa Borɔfo kasa mu `(Lymphatic Capillaries)`, a ɛsom yɛn komm te sɛ abran nkumaa no ho asɛm. Ebia wontee saa din yi mpo, nanso ɔsom a saa nkurɔfo yi yɛ de ma yɛn nipadua nya apɔwmuden no yɛ nwonwa.

Dɛn ne saa ntini a ɛma mogya tu yi? Dɛn nti na ɛho hia saa?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, lymphatic capillaries yɛ akwan nketenkete a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛfa yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu. Ebinom yɛ teateaa te sɛ yɛn ti nhwi ahama. So woate mogya ntini, anaa mogya ntini ho asɛm? Wɔyɛ pɛ, nanso nsonsonoe kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu. Wɔato saa ntini a ɛma mogya tu yi mu wɔ n’awiei biako, te sɛ kotoku ketewaa bi. Ade foforo nso ne sɛ nsu tumi hyɛn saa akwan yi mu, nanso entumi mfi adi, te sɛ ɔpon a ebue ɔkwan biako pɛ so.

Saa akwan nhyehyɛe ketewa yi yɛ yɛn `lymphatic system` no dea. Saa lymphatic system yi yɛ yɛn `immune system` no fã a ɛho hia yiye. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma te sɛ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ asraafo. Enti, ntini a ɛma mogya tu no te sɛ asraafo a wɔatete wɔn titiriw wɔ asraafo dɔm a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban yi mu. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛboaboa nsu a ɛboro so, a wɔfrɛ no `lymph`, a ɛboaboa ano wɔ yɛn nipadua no afã horow ano na wɔadi ho dwuma yiye.

Nnwuma bɛn na lymphatic capillaries de ma yɛn nipadua no?

Adwuma a saa akwan nketewa yi yɛ no yɛ kɛse, sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a:

1. Nsuo a ɛkari pɛ wɔ nipadua no mu: Nsuo a ɛboro so a ɛboaboa ano twa yɛn nkwammoaa ho hyia, a wɔfrɛ no `interstitial fluid` no, saa lymphatic capillaries yi twetwe. Wɔfrɛ saa nsu a wɔtwe yi `lymph`.

2. Mogya mmoroso ne nne dodow a yɛhwɛ so: Eyi boa ma yɛn mogya mmoroso ne yɛn dodow yɛ yiye denam ntini a ɛsan de ka yɛn mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu ho no so.

3. Ahonhon a wosiw ano: Saa ntini a ɛma mogya tu yi nso boa ma ɔfe (edema) ntumi nkɔ nipadua no afã horow. Susuw ho sɛ sɛ gutters a ɛwɔ yɛn fie no nyɛ adwuma yiye a, anka nsu bɛboaboa ano na ahyɛ gyaade hɔ ma.

So ɛnyɛ nwonwa? Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa channel nhyehyɛe ketewaa yi yɛ adwuma?

Eyi yɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ den yiye, nanso ɛyɛ fɛ yiye. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so.

Ntini a ɛma mogya tu no afasu yɛ soronko koraa. Nsu betumi afa wɔn mu akɔ mu, nanso entumi mfi hɔ bio. Enti, sɛ wɔtwe nsu a ɛboro so a ɛda nkwammoaa no ntam no kɔ saa akwan yi mu a, nhyɛso a ɛwɔ nsu kwan no mu no kɔ soro nkakrankakra. Ɛyɛ saa nhyɛso no nti na ntini no kɔ n’anim, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛkɔ yɛn koma mu.

Eyi ne nea ɛkɔ so wɔ akwantu yi mu:

• Nea edi kan no, wɔboaboa nsu a ɛma mogya tu fi ntini nketenkete a ɛma mogya tu yi mu na afei wɔde kɔ ntini a ɛsõ kakra mu.
• Saa `lymphatic vessels` yi bom yɛ `collecting ducts` akɛse mpo. Wɔ saa nsukorabea ahorow yi mu no, `valves` nketewa, te sɛ apon wɔ hɔ. Saa `valves` yi ma `lymph` no sen kɔ ɔkwan biako so nkutoo, na ɛnyɛ ɔkwan foforo so.
• Afei, lymph a efi saa `collecting ducts` yi mu no kɔka `nifa anaa benkum lymphatic duct` no ho. Wɔsan frɛ eyi sɛ `thoracic duct`.
• Efi saa ntini a ɛma mogya tu yi mu no, nsu no sen kɔ mogya ntini akɛse a wɔfrɛ no subclavian veins a ɛwɔ yɛn kɔn mu no mu.
• Saa ntini yi bom yɛ mogya ntini kɛse bi a wɔfrɛ no superior vena cava.
• Awiei koraa no, ɛyɛ vena cava no na ɛsan de ntini mu nsu a wɔatew ho no san kɔ yɛn mogya mu.

Wɔ saa akwantu yi mu no, ntini a ɛma mogya tu no fa ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu. Te sɛ yɛn nsu a yɛde yiyi mu no, saa ntini ahorow yi yiyi nneɛma a wɔmpɛ te sɛ mmoawa fi ntini no mu na ɛho tew. Ɛno ansa na ntini a ɛho tew no san kɔ mogya no mu. So ɛnyɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa?

Ɛhe na saa ntini a ɛma mogya tu yi wɔ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu?

Ebia ɛbɛyɛ wo nwonwa sɛ wubehu sɛ ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wohu wɔn wɔ yɛn nipadua mu baabiara! Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wohu wɔn dodow no ara wɔ yɛn nkwammoaa ntam (``interstitial space``). Yebetumi ahu wɔ yɛn nipadua mu akwaa biara ntini mu. Nanso, mmeae kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a wonhu wɔn. Eyinom yɛ ``nnompe mu ntini`` ne ntini a enni mogya ntini. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wonhu wɔn wɔ yɛn ``cartilage`` (ɔfã a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛda nnompe ntam) ne ``epithelial`` layer a ɛwɔ honam ani no mu.

Dɛn ne ntini a ɛma mogya tu no afã horow? Nyansahu mu asɛm kakra, nanso ɛfata sɛ wuhu!

Saa ɔkwan ketewa yi yɛ afã atitiriw pii:

• Endothelial cells: Eyinom na ɛka bom yɛ ntini nketenkete no afasu. Wɔaboaboa ano biako so, te sɛ birikisi.
• `Basement membrane`: Eyi ne nea ɛboa `endothelial cells` na ɛma ɛkɔ so tra hɔ.
• `Mini-valves`: Yɛaka eyinom ho asɛm pɛn. Wɔma nsu nkutoo na ɛba mu, na ɛnyɛ nea efi mu ba.
• Anchoring filaments: Eyinom te sɛ nhama nketewa. Wɔn na ɛka endothelial nkwammoaa no bom ne ntini a atwa ho ahyia no. Wɔyɛ elastic.

Eyinom te dɛn? So wɔte sɛ nhwi ankasa?

Yiw, ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye ankasa. Ntini a ɛma mogya tu te sɛ afiri a wɔde fa nsu mu. Ne kɛse, kyerɛ sɛ, ne kɛse bɛyɛ micrometer 50. Ɛno kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ yɛn ti nhwi ahama biako. Wɔato saa afiri yi ano biako mu, te sɛ oak ahaban bi.

Eyinom afasu nso yɛ teateaa yiye, na ne kɛse yɛ nkwammoaa biako pɛ. Esiane sɛ nkwammoaa no ayɛ biako wɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho so nti, ɛnyɛ den sɛ ``nsu a ɛwɔ ntam'' no bɛhyɛn ntini no mu.

Eyinom te sɛ yɛn ntini, mogya ntini a ɛde mogya kɔ no kakra. Nokwarem no, te sɛ ntini no, nsu sen kɔ ɔkwan biako pɛ so wɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu mu. Na abien no nyinaa wɔ afasu a ɛyɛ tratraa.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛtaa ka ntini a ɛma mogya tu no? Momma yɛnhwɛ eyi nso!

Sɛ́ ɛyɛ mmerɛwyɛ anaa ɔhaw foforo bi no, nyarewa pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka saa ntini a ɛma mogya tu yi. Ebi ne:

• Hodgkin lymphoma ne non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Eyinom yɛ kokoram ahorow abien a ɛba wɔ lymphatic system no mu. Wofi ase wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a wɔfrɛ no lymphocytes mu.
• Edema: Yɛaka eyi ho asɛm pɛn. Ɔhonhon ba bere a nsu a ɛwɔ ntam no boaboa ano wɔ ntini ahorow mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea wobetumi ayi afi nipadua no mu no.
• Elephantiasis / lymphatic filariasis: Ebia woate eyi ho asɛm. Sɛ ntini a ɛma mogya tu no siw a, nsu a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no boaboa ano na ɛma nipadua no afã horow hohoro, titiriw abasa, anan, ne awotwaa mu.
• Lymphangitis: Ntini a ɛma mogya tu a ɛyɛ hyew a efi kuru, nea wɔatwitwa, anaa mmoawa anaa mmoawa a wɔde ɔyare mmoawa ba mu.
• Lymphedema: Ntini a ɛboro so boaboa ano wɔ nipadua no mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no mu, titiriw nsa ne anan mu, na ɛma ɛho hohoro. Eyi taa yɛ tebea a enni sabea, a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Wɔtaa sa no a wɔnyɛ oprehyɛn.

Dɛn ne tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Hwɛ yiye wɔ eyinom ho!

Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ lymphatic capillaries no ho a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Ɔbrɛ : Ɛnyɛ ɔbrɛ nko, na mmom ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so.
• Huraeɛ
• Awɔw a wɔte nka (`Chills`) .
• Yafunu mu yaw (`Yafunu mu yaw`) .
• Ntini a ɛho ahonhon : Ntini a ɛho ahonhon wɔ kɔn, abasa, ne akyi berɛmo mu.
• Mu duru a ɛso tew a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnantew anaa wobɛhome
• Swelling : Mmeae te sɛ nsa, nan, ne anim a ɛho ahonhon.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wowɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu no ho haw. Nanso, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛnea ntini a ɛma mogya tu no akwahosan te?

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ biribi wɔ hɔ a, ebia ɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom:

• `Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu`
• `CT scan (CT scan - kɔmputa so mfoninitwa)`
• `MRI scan (MRI scan - magnetic resonance mfonini)`
• `PET scan (positron a wɔde gu nipadua mu tomography)`
• Doppler ultrasound : Wobetumi de eyi adi dwuma de ahu nsu a ɛkɔ mogya ntini ne ntini a ɛma mogya tu mu.
• `Skin biopsy` : Wofa were ketewaa bi na wohwehwɛ mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtete saa?

Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sa yare no gyina yare no ko ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Wɔtaa de ayaresa ahorow a edidi so yi di dwuma:

• Aduru : Wɔ ɔyare mmoawa, ɛyaw, ɔfe, ne nea ɛkeka ho ho.
• `Compression therapy` : Fa aduru soronko anaa ntade a wɔde hyɛ baabi a ahonhon no.
• Lymphatic drainage massage : Eyi yɛ ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so twitwiw nipadua no a ɛkanyan ntini no ma ɛsen.
• `Chemotherapy` : Wɔ kokoram tebea horow mu.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa : Wɔ kokoram mu no, wɔde nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no di dwuma de boa ma wɔko tia kokoram.
• `Radiation therapy` : Wɔ kokoram tebea horow mu.
• Oprehyɛn : Ebia ɛho behia wɔ tebea horow bi mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛbɛhwɛ yɛn ntini a ɛma mogya tu no yiye? Saa afotu nketenkete yi bɛboa wo!

Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de ahwɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔyɛ komm yi yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu:

• Nom nsu pii na kɔ so nya nsu: Lymph yɛ nsu. Enti, sɛ ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛfa nipadua no nyinaa mu a, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛnom nsu pii.
• Twe wo ho fi nnuru a epira ho: Tew nneɛma te sɛ nnuru a ekum mmoawa ne nsu a wɔde tew nneɛma ho a wobɛka no so. Eyinom pira yɛn nipadua.
• Anyɛ yiye koraa no, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ simma 150 dapɛn biara: Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ma ntini a ɛma mogya tu no tu mpɔn.
• Kura mu duru a ɛfata mu: Sɛ wo mu duru boro so a, ebetumi ama ntini a ɛma mogya tu no ayɛ basaa.
• Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea yare bi wɔ kuru bi mu a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara: Ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ kuru ketewaa mpo so na amma yare no ankɔ mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Hwɛ yiye wɔ eyi nso ho!

Ɛho hia paa sɛ wɔkɔ so yɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ a, wobetumi ahu no ntɛm.

Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn:

• Sɛ kuru no ansa ntɛm a.
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛwɔ hɔ adapɛn pii na wontumi nhu nea ɛde ba biara.
• Ɔhonhon a ɛwɔ hɔ adapɛn pii a ɛnyɛ nea ɛde ba na esiw da biara da dwumadi ahorow kwan.

Awiei koraa no, nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Woahu, saa ntini a ɛma mogya tu yi te sɛ abran nketewa a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu a wɔyɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ komm yiye nanso ɛho hia yiye. Mpɛn pii no, yennwen wɔn ho mpo, gye sɛ yɛyare anaa yɛn nipadua mu ahonhon.

Nanso, sɛ yɛkɔ so nya asetra pa na yɛkɔyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu daa a, yebetumi abɔ yɛn ho ban afi ɔhaw ahorow pii a ɛsɔre wɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu mu no ho. Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛfa ntini a ɛma mogya tu no ho a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara na woanya yare no ho nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa a edi mu. Kae sɛ yɛn nipadua yɛ afiri a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Ɛyɛ yɛn asɛyɛde sɛ yɛhwɛ so yiye!

Lymphatic Capillaries, Lymphatic System, Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa, Edema, Lymph Nodes, Nsu a ɛkari pɛ wɔ Nipadua no mu