So yebetumi ahu awosu mu ɔhaw ahorow wɔ akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no mu ntɛm? Momma yɛnka (Chorionic Villus Sampling - CVS) ho asɛm!

Sɛ woyɛ ɛna a wobɛyɛ ɛna a, ebia wohaw wo ho pii wɔ abofra ketewa a ɔwɔ wo yafunu mu no ho, ɛnte saa? Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wubesusuw ho sɛ ebia ɔwɔ apɔwmuden na ɔwɔ ɔhaw bi anaa. Wɔ mmere a ɛte saa mu no, sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Chorionic Villus Sampling`` anaa ``CVS`` sɔhwɛ wɔ hɔ a ɛboa ma wohu awosu mu tebea horow bi anaa awo mu ɔhaw ahorow bi wɔ akokoaa no mu. So yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm akɔ akyiri?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa `CVS` sɔhwɛ yi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wobetumi ayɛ no ntɛm ara wɔ nyinsɛn mu, wɔ adapɛn 10 kosi 13 ntam. Nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobegye nkwammoaa kakraa bi pɛ afi awotwaa no mu, a wɔfrɛ no `Chorionic villi`, na wɔahwehwɛ mu. Esiane sɛ saa `Chorionic villi` nkwammoaa yi nam nkesua a wɔahyɛ no ma no so na ɛba nti, wɔn awosu mu nsɛm taa yɛ pɛ ne akokoaa no awosu mu nsɛm. Enti, wɔde saa nkwammoaa yi kɔ aduruyɛdan mu na wɔhwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ akokoaa no wɔ awosu mu tebea bi anaa. Eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no yɛ ɔbarima anaa ɔbea mpo.

Dɛn nti na wɔyɛ CVS sɔhwɛ yi? Henanom na wɔkamfo kyerɛ wɔn?

Afei ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, so ɛhia sɛ obiara nya saa `CVS` sɔhwɛ yi? Ɛnyɛ ankasa. Ɛnyɛ wo hwɛ a wohwɛ ansa na woawo no fã a ɛyɛ ahyɛde. Nnuruyɛfo kamfo nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ asiane ahorow bi nkutoo, anaasɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu ansa na wɔawo anaasɛ ultrasound scan ahorow kyerɛ sɛ biribi a ɛnteɛ. Nanso, gyinae a wubesi sɛ wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ yi anaasɛ worennyɛ no gyina wo so . Wubetumi ne wo duruyɛfo asusuw eyi ho mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow ho na woasi gyinae.

Nnuruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ CVS nhwehwɛmu wɔ nsɛm a edidi so yi mu:

• Sɛ wowɔ abofra a woadi kan anya a ɔwɔ awosu mu yare bi a.
• Sɛ woadi mfe 35 anaa nea ɛboro saa bere a wowo wo ba no a.
• Sɛ scan anaa nhwehwɛmu foforo a wɔadi kan ayɛ ada no adi sɛ akokoaa no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya awosu mu tebea bi a.
• Sɛ wo, wo hokafo, anaa obiara a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ awosu mu yare bi (anaasɛ wowɔ bi wɔ abakɔsɛm mu).

Bere bɛn na ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubehuruw CVS sɔhwɛ no?

Nanso, wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, nnuruyɛfo betumi atu wo fo sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi. Ma yɛnhwɛ bere a ɛnonom te.

• Sɛ mogya atɔ wo wɔ wo awotwaa mu wɔ wo nyinsɛn mu a.
• Sɛ wowɔ ɔyareɛ bi, sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, ɔyareɛ a ɛfiri nna mu (STI).

Tebea horow bɛn na CVS betumi ahu?

Dɛn ankasa na wobetumi de saa `CVS` sɔhwɛ yi ahu? Eyi boa titiriw ma wohu awosu mu nyarewa bi, titiriw ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nkwaboaa ahorow ho. So wunim sɛ chromosomes ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ `DNA` ne awosu mu nneɛma a ɛwɔ akokoaa no mu. Enti, sɔhwɛ yi betumi ahwɛ sɛ ebia saa chromosomes yi dɔɔso dodo, kakraa bi dodo, anaasɛ nsakrae akɛse aba wɔ chromosome ahorow no nhyehyɛe mu anaa. Ɛyɛ nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae a ɛte saa nti na awo mu ɔhaw ahorow bi ne akwahosan ho haw afoforo ba.

Sɛ yɛde nhwɛso kakraa bi bɛma a:

• Down syndrome anaa Trisomy 21. Nnipa a wɔte ase
• Cystic fibrosis a ɛma mogya tu
• Sickle cell yare a ɛma obi nya yare
• Tay-Sachs yare no
• Trisomy 18 anaa Edward yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no
• Trisomy 13 anaa Patau Syndrome a ɛma obi nya ɔyare

So nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a CVS sɔhwɛ ntumi nhu?

Yiw, ade biako a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae. Saa `CVS` sɔhwɛ yi ntumi nhu awo mu dɛmdi nyinaa . Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ `Neural tube defects (NTDs)`, a ɛyɛ ɔhaw ahorow wɔ akokoaa no akyi berɛmo anaa n’amemene mu no, wontumi mfa sɔhwɛ yi so nhu. So woate `(Spina bifida)` ho asɛm pɛn? Ɛnonom ne nneɛma no. Sɔhwɛ afoforo wɔ hɔ a wɔde hu tebea horow a ɛte saa, sɛ nhwɛso no, `(Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) sɔhwɛ)` ye, na `(Amniocentesis)` ye.

Afei nso, wontumi mfa saa `CVS` sɔhwɛ yi so nhu nhyehyɛe mu sintɔ ahorow bi a ɛwɔ akokoaa no nipadua mu, te sɛ koma tebea, anofafa a ɛpaapae, anaa anom a apaapae. Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi ahu eyinom denam `Ultrasound` scan so, a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ nyinsɛn adapɛn 18 kosi 20 ntam.

Dɛn na ɛba ansa na wɔayɛ CVS sɔhwɛ no?

Okay, ma yɛnka sɛ woasi gyinae sɛ wobɛyɛ CVS sɔhwɛ. Dɛn na ɛba ansa na ɛno aba? Mpɛn pii no, wɔde wo bɛkɔ awosu ho afotu wɔ awosu ho afotufo anaa ɛna ne awotwaa mu aduruyɛ ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn. Saa ɔfotufo yi bɛkyerɛkyerɛ asiane ne mfaso a ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ no so mu akyerɛ wo. Nea ɛka ho no, wɔbɛyɛ ultrasound scan de ahu adapɛn dodow pɔtee a woanyinsɛn. Eyi bɛboa ma wɔahu bere a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ CVS sɔhwɛ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ CVS sɔhwɛ no? So ɛyɛ yaw?

Asɛmmisa bi a nnipa pii wɔ ne sɛ ebia CVS sɔhwɛ no yɛ yaw anaa. Ɛnyɛ yaw ankasa, nanso ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ kakra. Akwan abien na nnuruyɛfo fa so yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi:

1. Ɛnam ɔbea no awotwaa mu (Trans-cervical kwan) .

Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ eyi mu ne sɛ, wɔde afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Speculum)` hyɛ wo awotwaa mu. Ɛyɛ afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ne nsɛsoɔ te sɛ ananse ano, ebia woahu yei sɛ woayɛ `(Pap test)` a. Eyi na wɔde trɛw ɔbea awotwaa no afasu mu kakra, na oduruyɛfo no de plastic afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa bi fa `(Cervix)` no mu. Afei, wɔ `(Ultrasound)` scan akwankyerɛ ase no, wɔde tube no kɔ baabi a `(Placenta)` no wɔ, na efi hɔ no, wɔfa `(Chorionic villi)` nkwammoaa nhwɛsode no.

2. Ɛdenam yafunu mu (Trans-abdominal kwan) .

Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi a wɔde ultrasound scan kyerɛ no kwan no, oduruyɛfo no de ade teateaa bi fa wo yafunu honam ani kɔ awotwaa no mu na ɔfa nkwammoaa bi. Wɔ saa yafunu a wɔde fa yafunu mu yi mu no, wobetumi ama wo aduru a wɔde kum wo yafunu a ɛwɔ baabi no na ama wo ho atɔ wo.

Saa akwan abien yi nyinaa gye nea ennu simma 30 ansa na wɔawie sɔhwɛ no.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ CVS sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Wubetumi akɔ fie ntɛm ara wɔ CVS sɔhwɛ no akyi. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhome nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi bere a woakɔ fie awie no. Nnipa dodow no ara betumi asan afi dwumadi ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ no ase da a edi hɔ no. Nanso, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ kwati nna mu dwumadi, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, anaa nneɛma a emu yɛ den nnansa kosi abiɛsa .

So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ CVS sɔhwɛ ne mprenu so?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ CVS sɔhwɛ a ɛto so abien. Eyi ho yɛ na koraa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ sɔhwɛ a edi kan no anboaboa nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso ano a, ebia ebehia sɛ woyɛ no ne mprenu so na ama woanya nkwammoaa dodow a wɔhwehwɛ.

Afei nso, sɛ worewo mmanoma, na akokoaa biara wɔ awotwaa ahorow a ɛsono emu biara a, ɛnde ebia ebehia sɛ woyɛ CVS nhwehwɛmu abien ma akokoaa biara.

Asiane ne nsunsuanso bɔne bɛn na ɛwɔ CVS nhwehwɛmu no mu?

Sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ no wie a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo yafunu mu ayɛ wo yaw kakra. Vaginal spotting nso yɛ ade a ɛfata. Sɛ wɔfaa yafunu mu na ɛyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no a, ebia wobɛte ɛyaw kakra a ɛyɛ wo yafunu mu.

Mpɛn pii no, CVS sɔhwɛ no yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho, nanso ɛnyɛ nea asiane ahorow bi nni mu . Ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo susuw asiane ahorow yi ho na wote ase. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea saa asiane ahorow no yɛ:

• Nyinsɛn a Wotu: Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nyinsɛn a wotu fi CVS nhwehwɛmu mu no nnu 100 biara mu 1, anaasɛ ennu 1% . Ɛno yɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem a ɛba fam koraa.
• Nyarewa: Sɛnea ɛte wɔ aduruyɛ biara mu no, hokwan kakraa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ɔyare no.
• Akwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Ɛntaa mma koraa, titiriw sɛ wɔyɛ CVS nhwehwɛmu no ansa na nyinsɛn no adi adapɛn 10 a, hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛwo akokoaa no a ne nsa ne akwaa adi dɛm. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ yɛyɛ eyi wɔ bere ano no.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ: Bere a mogyatɔw bi yɛ nea ɛfata no, wɔ tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi mu no, ebia mogya a ɛbɛtɔ kɛse wɔ awotwaa mu wɔ CVS akyi.
• Amniotic nsu a ɛretu:Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, amniotic nsu (nsu a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia) pii betumi atu afi mu, na ebetumi de nsɛnnennen aba bere a nyinsɛn no.
• Rh nkate: Eyi ba bere a wo mogya no yɛ Rh-negative na wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no yɛ Rh-positive, na mogya ahorow abien no di afra. Nanso, ayaresa wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa eyi.

Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ CVS sɔhwɛ so?

Mfaso kɛse a ɛwɔ saa `CVS` sɔhwɛ yi so ne sɛ wubetumi ahu nea efi awosu mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba wɔ nyinsɛn no mfiase pɛɛ . Sɛ wudi kan hu saa nsɛm yi a, ɛma wutumi si akwahosan ho gyinae ntɛmntɛm.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, wubetumi adi kan asiesie wo ho ama ɔhwɛ titiriw biara a ebia wo ba no behia wɔ n’awo akyi. Anaasɛ, saa nsɛm yi betumi ayɛ nea ɛho hia bere a woresi gyinae sɛ wobɛtoa nyinsɛn no so anaasɛ worentoa so no.

Mfaso foforo a ɛho hia ne sɛ saa `CVS` sɔhwɛ yi bɛyɛ 99% pɛpɛɛpɛ . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi de wo ho ato nea ebefi sɔhwɛ yi mu aba so.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔanya CVS sɔhwɛ no mu aba?

Oduruyɛfo no fa `(Chorionic villi)` no nhwɛsode na ɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Nnuruyɛfo atitiriw a wɔwɔ hɔ no nyin nkwammoaa no wɔ nsu soronko bi mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Mpɛn pii no wubetumi anya nea efi mu ba mfiase no wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Nanso, tebea horow bi gye bere tenten kakra ansa na wɔasɔ ahwɛ. Ebetumi agye nnafua 10 anaa adapɛn abien ansa na nea efi mu ba yi asan aba. W’awosu ho ɔfotufo no ne wo bedi nkitaho de nea ebefi mu aba awiei koraa no na ɔne wo akasa afa ho. Sɛ ɛho hia a, wobetumi asusuw sɔhwɛ afoforo a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nso ho.

CVS sɔhwɛ no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ dɛn?

Sɛnea madi kan aka no, CVS sɔhwɛ no yɛ bɛyɛ 99% pɛpɛɛpɛ . Nanso, sɔhwɛ yi ntumi nhu sɛnea awosu mu tebea no mu yɛ den no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Afei nso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nea efi nhwehwɛmu no mu ba no betumi ayɛ nea ɛfa awotwaa pɔtee bi ho. Ɛne sɛ, nea ɛnteɛ no wɔ awotwaa no mu nkutoo na ɛnka akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa no mu no. Eyi si wɔ nsɛm nyinaa mu 1% kosi 2% nkutoo mu.

Sɛ CVS nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no yɛ papa a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ?

Sɛ nea efii CVS nhwehwɛmu no mu bae kyerɛ sɛ wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no wɔ awosu mu yare bi a, wubetumi ne wo fotufo, wo hokafo, ne wo duruyɛfo akasa de asi nea wobɛyɛ akyi. Wo duruyɛfo anaa awosu ho ɔfotufo betumi aboa wo ma woate nea CVS nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no kyerɛ ankasa ase. Afei wubetumi asi gyinae a eye sen biara wɔ w’anim a wobɛkɔ so no ho.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bere a wɔayɛ CVS nhwehwɛmu awie no?

Sɛ wote yafunu mu yaw, wo ho yɛ wo yaw, anaa mogya tu a ɛnkɔ anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro wɔ CVS akyi a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo nso sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi mu bi a:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ amniotic fluid retu (ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea worefa nsu kakra).
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ worenya atiridii ne atiridii a.
• Sɛ wowɔ ntini a ɛtwetwe ka yafunu mu yaw ho a.
• Sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini a.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda CVS sɔhwɛ ne Amniocentesis sɔhwɛ ntam?

Asɛmmisa foforɔ a nnipa pii bisa ne sɛ nsonsonoeɛ bɛn na ɛda `CVS` sɔhwɛ ne `(Amniocentesis)` sɔhwɛ ntam. Eyinom abien nyinaa yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔhwɛ akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no awosu mu tebea horow. Nanso, nsonsonoe pii wɔ abien no ntam:

• Bere a: Wɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu abien yi wɔ mmere ahorow mu wɔ nyinsɛn mu. Wɔyɛ CVS wɔ nyinsɛn no mfiase (wɔ adapɛn 10 kosi 12 ntam), enti wubetumi ahu ntɛm sɛ wo ba no wɔ awosu mu tebea bi anaa. Wɔyɛ amniocentesis bɛyɛ adapɛn 16 wɔ nyinsɛn no akyi.
• Tebea horow a wobetumi ahu: Amniocentesis tumi hu tebea horow te sɛ neural tube defects (NTDs) ne spina bifida. CVS ntumi nhu saa tebea horow yi.
• Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nyinsɛn bɛtu: Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nyinsɛn bɛtu wɔ ``Amniocentesis'' sɔhwɛ no mu no sua kakra sene ``CVS''.
• Rh a ɛne ne ho nhyia: Wobetumi asɔ Rh a ɛne ne ho nhyia ahwɛ denam amniocentesis so.
• Si so dua: Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ wobetumi ayɛ amniocentesis nhwehwɛmu de asi nea efi CVS nhwehwɛmu mu ba no so dua.

Wo duruyɛfo betumi asusuw nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba wo ho na wakamfo akyerɛ sɛ wonyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi biako, abien no nyinaa, anaa emu biara.

Nsɛmmisa bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa oduruyɛfo no fa CVS nhwehwɛmu no ho?

Sɛ woanyinsɛn a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• "So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ nhwehwɛmu ansa na wɔawo bere a manyinsɛn no?"
• "So me ba no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya chromosomal haw anaa awosu mu haw foforo?"
• "So `CVS` sɔhwɛ anaasɛ `(Amniocentesis)` sɔhwɛ no ye ma me?"
• "Sɛ meyɛ sɔhwɛ yi a, asiane bɛn na ɛwɔ nyinsɛn a ɛbɛtɔ mu?"
• "Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehu wɔ `CVS` sɔhwɛ no akyi?"
• "Dɛn ankasa na metumi asua afi nea efii `CVS` sɔhwɛ no mu bae no mu?"

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛhwɛ sɛ awosu mu haw ahorow bi wɔ wo ba no mu anaa. Ɛnyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ ahyɛde . Sɛ wusi gyinae sɛ wubenya bi a, wɔtaa yɛ no wɔ adapɛn 10 kosi 13 ntam wɔ nyinsɛn no akyi. Sɔhwɛ no yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho na nea efi mu ba no yɛ nokware, nanso asiane ahorow bi wɔ hɔ. Nea ebefi CVS sɔhwɛ no mu aba no betumi aboa wo ma woasisi akwahosan ho gyinae ahorow a ɛho hia. Sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobɛwo akokoaa a ɔwɔ awosu mu yare bi a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Wɔbɛboa wo ma woasi gyinae sɛ ebia CVS sɔhwɛ no fata wo anaa.

` CVS nhwehwɛmu, nyinsɛn mu nhwehwɛmu, awosu mu nyarewa, awotwaa, awo mu dɛmdi, (Chorionic Villus Sampling), (Prenatal Diagnosis)