So ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhaw yɛn ho wɔ Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ho?

So woate Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia edin no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra, nanso ɛyɛ awotwaa mu kokoram bi a abu so wɔ mmea mu. Momma yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so. Efisɛ ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ wɔ nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ ho.

Dɛn ne Epithelial Ovarian Cancer?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, epithelial ovarian cancer ne awotwaa mu kokoram a abu so sen biara. Saa kokoram yi ba wɔ awotwaa no akyi a ɛyɛ tratraa a wɔfrɛ no epithelial tissue no mu. Fa no sɛ ntini teateaa bi a atwa awotwaa no ho ahyia.

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom ɛtɔ mmere bi a kokoram yi betumi anya nkɔso wɔ awotwaa mu ntini a ɛkata so anaasɛ mpo awotwaa mu, ntini a ɛkata akwaa a ɛwɔ yafunu no mu no mu. Nnuruyɛfo nso de awotwaa mu kokoram ne awotwaa mu kokoram titiriw ka ɔfã koro no ara ho ne epithelial ovarian cancer efisɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ne ayaresa a wɔde ma saa tebea horow yi di nsɛ yiye.

Kokoram yi abu so dɛn?

Ovarian kokoram ne mmea kokoram a ɛto so abien a abu so sen biara, wɔ awotwaa/awotwaa mu kokoram akyi. Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɔbea biara wɔ hokwan sɛ obenya awotwaa mu kokoram wɔ 78 biara mu 1 wɔ ne nkwa nna mu.

Wɔ afe 2021 nkutoo mu no, nnipa bɛboro 21,400 na wɔwɔ awotwaa mu kokoram. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ eyinom mu du biara mu akron yɛ epithelial ovarian cancer. Saa kokoram yi abu so titiriw wɔ mmea a wɔadi boro mfe 65 mu.

Dɛn ne kokoram ahorow a ɛwɔ epithelial ovarian cancer mu?

Kokoram a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no bɛyɛ nkyem anan mu abiɛsa yɛ awotwaa mu kokoram a ɛkɔ soro (HGSOC). "High-grade" kyerɛ sɛ saa kokoram nkwammoaa yi nyin na ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm sen "low-grade" kokoram.

Aduruyɛ ho abenfo gye di sɛ HGSOC a ɛte sɛɛ nyin nkakrankakra mfiase no, nanso ebetumi agye mfe asia ne fã ansa na atrɛw afi awotwaa mu akɔ awotwaa mu. Nanso sɛ edu mmadwoa no mu pɛ a, ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm paa. Ɛtaa ka yafunu no mu ntini (peritoneum) ne nipadua no afã afoforo. HGSOC ayarefo bɛyɛ 70% na wohu sɛ wɔwɔ yare no wɔ ɔfã 3 anaa 4. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akyiri asen mfitiase akisikuru no na mprempren ɛyɛ kokoram a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo.

Epithelial ovarian kokoram ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɛntaa nsi:

• Endometrioid kokoram: .Saa ɔkwan yi taa ba nnipa a wɔwɔ endometriosis a ɛka awotwaa no mu nneɛma (endometrium) no so. Ɛyɛ n’ade yiye wɔ nnuru a wɔde sa yare ho sen ahorow afoforo bi.
• Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC): Eyi yɛ kokoram a enyin brɛoo. Ɛba mmea nkumaa (a wɔadi fi mfe 45 kosi 57) mu. Ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 10% wɔ epithelial ovarian kokoram mu. Mpɛn pii no, yare no kɔ anim bere a wɔahu sɛ obi anya bi no, na entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye wɔ nnuru a wɔde sa yare no mu. Ɛwom sɛ kokoram a ɛba fam nyin nkakrankakra de, nanso ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ ɛbɛyɛ kokoram a ɛkorɔn.
• Mucinous carcinoma: Saa akisikuru yi yɛ soronko wɔ ahorow afoforo ho na ɛyɛ wɔn ade yiye wɔ ayaresa mu. Wɔtaa yɛ akɛse (bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 8 anaa sɛntimita 20). Mpɛn pii no, ɛka awotwaa no nkutoo.
• Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC): Asiafo mmea ne wɔn a wɔwɔ endometriosis no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya saa kokoram yi. Mpɛn pii no, yare no kɔ anim bere a wɔahu sɛ obi anya bi no. Ɛnnyɛ n’ade yiye wɔ nnuru a wɔde sa yare ho.
• Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) a ɛwɔ ovary mu: Saa SCC yi taa fi tebea horow a ɛnyɛ hu/ɛnyɛ kokoram mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebetumi afi awotwaa mu akisikuru, endometriosis, anaa Brenner akisikuru (nnyin a ɛyɛ den na ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ awotwaa mu) mu aba. Sɛ wɔkyere no ntɛm a, ɛyɛ n’ade yiye wɔ ayaresa ho.

Dɛn na ɛde kokoram a ɛwɔ epithelial ovarian mu ba?

Nokwarem no, wɔda so ara nnim nea ɛde kokoram dodow no ara ba ankasa, a epithelial ovarian kokoram ka ho. Nanso nhwehwɛmu foforo kyerɛ sɛ awotwaa mu kokoram dodow no ara fi ase ankasa wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ awotwaa no awiei mu. Afei wɔtrɛw kɔ awotwaa no mu.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛma obi nya kokoram yi?

Wɔn a wohu sɛ wɔwɔ awotwaa mu kokoram no mu bɛboro fã adi boro mfe 65 na wɔakɔ brayɛ mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔn brayɛ agyae.

Nneɛma bi betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya awotwaa mu kokoram no ayɛ kɛse. Wɔne:

• Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya awotwaa mu kokoram, nufu mu kokoram, anaa colorectal/colon kokoram a.
• Sɛ woanya nsakrae (mutation) wɔ BRCA awosu mu abɔde mu a.
• Sɛ woanya awosu mu abɔde bi a ɛne abusua mu kokoram yare te sɛ Lynch yare wɔ abusuabɔ a.
• Sɛ worenom hormone therapy de adi brayɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so a.
• Abofra a wobɛwo bere a wadi mfe 35 akyi anaasɛ woansoa abofra da.
• Obolo .

Dɛn ne kokoram a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Eyi yɛ ɔhaw ma nnipa pii. Mpɛn pii no, kokoram a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no nnya sɛnkyerɛnne kakraa bi pɛ wɔ ne mfiase. Bere a yare no atrɛw kakra akyi nkutoo na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi. Sɛ ɛtrɛw kɔ ntini a ɛkata yafunu mu akwaa (peritoneum) no mu a, nsu a ɛyɛ nsu betumi aboaboa ano wɔ yafunu no mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ ascites.

Nea ɛka ho no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi betumi aba:

• Yafunu mu yaw.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubedidi anaasɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo hyew bere a woadi kakraa bi awie no.
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe.
• Nneɛma a ɛho ayɛ fĩ.
• Ɛyaw a ɛba akyi berɛmo mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi nso wɔ hɔ a wɔntaa nhu:

• Hyɛ obi a ontumi nhyɛ ne ho so anaasɛ ɔtaa tow nsu (akisikuru a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so).
• Mogya a ɛba ɔbea no awotwaa mu a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wowɔ kokoram. Nanso, sɛ wɔkɔ so a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ afotu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu kokoram a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, nhwehwɛmu pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde hwehwɛ awotwaa mu a ebetumi ahu awotwaa mu kokoram wɔ ne mfiase. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wowɔ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne anaasɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu nkutoo a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu. Ebia wo duruyɛfo no bedi kan ayɛ wo hwene mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛ ebia akisikuru anaa ɔfe biara a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ hɔ anaa.

Afei, wobɛtumi ayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ protein bi a wɔfrɛ no `CA-125` dodoɔ. Saa `CA-125` yi gyina hɔ ma kokoram antigen 125. Sɛ dodow no kɔ soro a, ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii.

Mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom betumi aboa ma wɔahu awotwaa mu kokoram:

• Transvaginal ultrasound nhwehwɛmu.
• CT scan nhwehwɛmu.
• MRI (MRI) nhwehwɛmu.
• Positron emission tomography (PET) a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu.
• Chest X-rays (de hwɛ sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ ahurututu no mu anaa).

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi ayɛ adeyɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no laparoscopy. Eyi te sɛ oprehyɛn, nanso wɔyɛ no a wɔntwitwa kɛse. Eyi ma oduruyɛfo no tumi hwɛ w’awo akwaa. Ebia wɔbɛfa ntini bi (biopsy) nso afi akuru bi mu ahwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Saa biopsy yi nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so ahu no yiye sɛ wowɔ awotwaa mu kokoram anaa.

Dɛn ne epithelial ovarian kokoram no fã ahorow?

Sɛ nnuruyɛfo nim baabi a kokoram no kɔ a, ɛboa ma wɔte sɛnea kokoram no rekɔ so no ase. Ɛho hia nso ma wohu sɛ ebia kokoram no atrɛw na wosi ayaresa ho gyinae. Wɔnam nhwehwɛmu koro no ara a wɔde hu kokoram no so na ɛkyerɛ baabi a kokoram no wɔ.

Akwan titiriw anan na ɛwɔ awotwaa mu kokoram. Nneɛma bi wɔ afã nketewa. Dodow a stage dodow no kɔ soro no, dodow no ara na kokoram no kɔ anim.

• Ɔfã 1: Kokoram no wɔ awotwaa biako anaa awotwaa biako pɛ mu.
• Ɔfã 2: Kokoram no atrɛw akɔ awotwaa no mu anaa yafunu no mu (peritoneal cavity).
• Ɔfã 3: Kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akwaa afoforo a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo no akyi, akɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu mu, anaa n’abien nyinaa mu.
• Ɔfã 4: Kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ nsu a atwa ahurututu no ho ahyia, ntini a ɛwɔ asen no mu, akwaa afoforo, anaa nipadua no afã afoforo mu.

So wobetumi asa epithelial ovarian kokoram?

Nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde yi kokoram no fi nipadua no mu de yi kokoram no fã kɛse biara sɛnea wobetumi. Eyi akyi no, wɔde nnuru a wɔde sa yare di dwuma. Ɛwom sɛ nnipa dodow no ara ho tɔ wɔn mfiase de, nanso yare no betumi asan aba nnipa pii mu akyiri yi.

Ebia ayarefo a wɔrefi ase no besi gyinae sɛ wobeyi awotwaa ne awotwaa a ɛyare no nkutoo afi hɔ.

Wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram a emu yɛ den fam no, wɔtaa yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde yi akwaa te sɛ:

• Fallopian tubes ne ovaries abien no nyinaa a wobeyi afi hɔ (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy).
• Awotwaa no a woyi fi hɔ (hysterectomy).
• Srade ntini (omentum) a ɛkata yafunu no so a woyi fi hɔ (omentectomy).
• Ntini a atwa ho ahyia a woyi fi hɔ.
• Afã afoforo a ɛyare (te sɛ dwensɔtwaa ketewa, dwensɔtwaa kɛse, anaa akyi berɛmo) a woyi fi hɔ.

Dɛn ne ayaresa afoforo?

Ɛdenam kokoram ko a wowɔ so no, wobetumi ama wo ayaresa ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa bere a wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn awie no:

• Nnuru a wɔde sa yare: Wɔde kum kokoram nkwammoaa. Eyi de nnuru te sɛ platinum nnuru (carboplatin) ne paclitaxel (Taxol®) anaa docetaxel (Taxotere®) na edi dwuma.
• Nnuru a wɔde sa yafunu mu: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔasa awotwaa mu kokoram a ɛto so 3 no, wɔde nnuru a wɔfrɛ no cisplatin ne paclitaxel no gu yafunu no mu tẽẽ denam catheter a wɔde oprehyɛn ahyɛ mu (afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ tokuru) so.
• Ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so: Nnuru te sɛ Bevacizumab (Avastin®) siw kokoram nkwammoaa kwan sɛ ennyin na ɛnnɔɔso.
• Mframa a wɔde sa yare: Wɔde X-ray hann a ahoɔden kɛse wom di dwuma de sɛe kokoram nkwammoaa.

So wobetumi asiw epithelial ovarian kokoram ano?

Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ mmea a wɔnom nnuru a wɔde siw awo ano a ahoɔdennuru wom mfe anum anaa nea ɛboro saa no betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya awotwaa mu kokoram no so bɛyɛ fã.

Oprehyɛn ahorow bi nso betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no so. Wɔfrɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde siw kokoram ano no oprehyɛn a wɔde siw kokoram ano. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobeyi awotwaa mu ntini ne awotwaa no afi hɔ, a awotwaa no ka ho anaasɛ enni mu. Wɔtaa susuw eyi ho ma mmea a wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu esiane abusua abakɔsɛm nti (te sɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ BRCA mutation anaa Lynch syndrome). Nanso, nnuruyɛfo tu fo sɛ sɛ ɛho hia wɔ aduruyɛ mu nkutoo a, wɔnyɛ saa nneɛma yi. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, sɛ woyi awotwaa no fi hɔ a, ebetumi ama obi agyae brayɛ ntɛm, na ɛno betumi anya nipadua no so nkɛntɛnso bɔne.

Oprehyɛn ahorow yi nyi kokoram ho asiane no mfi hɔ koraa. Ebia nnipa binom benya kokoram a wonhu bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no. Nnipa a wɔwɔ BRCA awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae no da so ara betumi anya kokoram titiriw wɔ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu sɛ woyi wɔn awotwaa mu ntini ne wɔn awotwaa mu mpo a. Bisa wo duruyɛfo BRCA nhwehwɛmu ho asɛm na woahu sɛ wowɔ BRCA awosu mu abɔde no anaa.

Dɛn ne nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no anim?

Nnipa bɛboro 13,000 na awotwaa mu kokoram wuwu afe biara. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛto so anum a ɛde kokoram kunkum mmea. Nanso, anidaso wɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ayaresa foforo a mprempren wɔreyɛ wɔ ayaresabea sɔhwɛ ahorow mu. Nhwehwɛmufo nso reyɛ adwuma de ahu yare no ntɛm.

Sɛ wohu epithelial ovarian cancer ansa na atrɛw a, mfe anum a wɔde tra ase no boro 90%. Nanso, sɛ kokoram no trɛw (ɛtrɛw kɔ mmeae afoforo) pɛ a, saa dodow yi so tew kodu bɛyɛ 30%.

Nneɛma pii nya kokoram ho nkɔmhyɛ so nkɛntɛnso:

• Baabi a kokoram no atrɛw akodu.
• Ayaresa no mu nkonimdi.
• Beae, ne kɛse, ne dodow a kokoram akisikuru wɔ (kokoram fã).

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara:

• Nsakrae a ɛba mpɛn dodow a wɔtow nsu anaasɛ ntɛm a wɔtow gu mu.
• Aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera anaasɛ ɔte nka sɛ ɔmene bere a wadi kakra awie no.
• Ɛyaw a ɛkɔ so wɔ yafunu anaa akyi berɛmo mu a ntease biara nnim.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo?

Wubetumi abisa oduruyɛfo no nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ BRCA sɔhwɛ?
• Epithelial ovarian cancer bɛn na mewɔ?
• Dɛn ne ayaresa a eye sen biara ma me?
• Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no mu nsunsuanso bɔne?
• So mewɔ asiane mu sɛ menya kokoram a ɛtrɛw kɔ mmeae afoforo? Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi atew saa asiane no so?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ nsɛnnennen a ɛbɛba no haw me?

Dɛn ne awotwaa mu kokoram a ano yɛ den sen biara?

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) yɛ awotwaa mu kokoram a ɛyɛ hu yiye. Ɛwom sɛ mfiase no kokoram yi nyin nkakrankakra wɔ awotwaa mu de, nanso sɛ edu awotwaa mu pɛ a, ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm paa. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, nnipa pii a wɔwɔ HGSOC no wɔ awotwaa mu kokoram a akɔ anim/ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ bi no.

So ebetumi aba sɛ wobenya epithelial ovarian cysts a ɛnyɛ kokoram (a ɛnyɛ papa)?

Aane. Nokwarem no, epithelial ovarian tumor dodow no ara nyɛ kokoram. Wɔfrɛ akisikuru bi sɛ borderline tumors anaasɛ atypical proliferating tumors. Kan no na wɔfrɛ eyinom sɛ akisikuru a ebetumi ayɛ hu a ɛba fam.

Wɔ akisikuru a ɛwɔ ɔhye so mu no, nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so nyin kɔ ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no mu nanso ɛnkɔhyɛ ntini a ɛboa awotwaa no mu (stroma) no so. Mpɛn pii no, saa nkwammoaa yi wɔ awotwaa no ankasa mu na wɔntaa nyɛ kokoram. Sɛ kokoram nya ampa a, anan biara mu abiɛsa yɛ ɔfã 1 (ɛwɔ awotwaa mu na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa). Saa akisikuru yi taa ka mmerante ne mmabaa.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Epithelial ovarian cancer ne awotwaa mu kokoram a abu so sen biara. Ɛsan nso ka awotwaa mu kokoram ne awotwaa mu kokoram titiriw ho. Mpɛn pii no, awotwaa mu kokoram nnya sɛnkyerɛnne kakraa bi pɛ wɔ ne mfiase. Mpɛn pii no, yare no mu yɛ den dodo sɛ ebedu bere a wobehu no, wontumi nhu. Eyi te saa titiriw wɔ kokoram a ɛtaa ba wɔ nipadua no mu, a wɔfrɛ no `HGSOC` no ho.

Sɛ asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya awotwaa mu kokoram (te sɛ abusua abakɔsɛm) a, ɛho hia sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo sɛ ebia akwan a wɔfa so siw ano no fata wo anaa. Hwɛ wo nipadua so bere nyinaa. Mma w’ani ngu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛyɛ soronko so. Hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

` Ovarian kokoram, epithelial kokoram, mmea akwahosan, kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne, kokoram ayaresa, BRCA gene, mmea ho yare