So nhyɛso ka aniwa no? Momma yɛnka (Hypertensive Retinopathy) ho asɛm!

So wowɔ mogya mmoroso, anaa mogya mmoroso? Anaasɛ obi wɔ w’abusua anaa w’adamfo? Mpɛn pii no, yesusuw sɛ sɛ yɛka mogya mmoroso ho asɛm a, ɛka akwaa atitiriw te sɛ koma, amemene, ne asaabo nkutoo. Nanso so wunim sɛ mogya mmoroso yi, sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ebetumi asɛe w’aniwa kɛse wɔ kokoam nso? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tebea a ɛte saa ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ eyi wɔ aduruyɛ mu sɛ `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`. Ɛwom sɛ edin no yɛ den kakra de, nanso momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ.

Dɛn ne eyi `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` yɛ ɔsɛe a ɛba `(Retina)` , ade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye wɔ w'ani mu, esiane mogya mmoroso nti. Susuw ho hwɛ, yɛn ani te sɛ mfoninitwa afiri. `(Retina)` no yɛ adwuma te sɛ sini a ɛwɔ saa mfoninitwa afiri yi mu no. Sɛ hann hyɛn aniwa no mu a, eyi na ɛyɛ mfonini ahorow na ɛde kɔ amemene no mu. Enti, `(Retina)` a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden ho hia ma yehu ade yiye.

Afei, sɛ wowɔ mogya mmoroso, anaa mogya mmoroso a, dɛn na ɛba? Mogya sen fa yɛn nipadua mogya ntini mu (nnuruyɛfo frɛ no ``Arteries'') wɔ nhyɛso a ɛkorɔn sen sɛnea ɛte daa. Ɛte sɛ nsu a efi faucet mu reba a ahoɔden pii wom. Sɛ wɔde mogya ntini no hyɛ nhyɛso mu dodo bere tenten a, efi ase sɛe. Saa ɔsɛe yi betumi aka mogya ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu.

Enti, eyi ne nea ɛkɔ so wɔ `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` mu. Mogya ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛde mogya kɔ `(Retina)` no sɛe esiane saa nhyɛso kɛse yi nti. Afei `(Retina)` no nnya oxygen ne aduannuru a ehia. Bere kɔ so no, eyi betumi asɛe `(Retina)` no afã horow, na ama aniwa nhu ade yiye, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a anifurae.

Eyi yɛ kɔkɔbɔ!

Nanso asɛm no nkɔ awiei wɔ hɔ. Hypertensive Retinopathy nyɛ yare a ɛwɔ aniwa nkutoo mu. Ɛyɛ kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw ahorow wɔ mogya a ɛkɔ wo nipadua no afã afoforo mu no mu. Susuw ho hwɛ, ɛnyɛ sɛ mogya mmoroso ka aniwa no kɛkɛ na werɛ fi afã afoforo. Ɛka mogya ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu. Eyi betumi aka ntini a ɛde mogya kɔ yɛn koma ne yɛn amemene mu no titiriw.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia saa ɔsɛe yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne renna adi mfe pii. Nanso wɔ nnipa binom fam no, eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mmoroso resɛe wɔn nipadua. Nokwarem no, nnipa a wɔwɔ aniwa mu yare a ɛma mogya tu no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya koma ne ntini mu yare , te sɛ ahrawa mu ntini mu yare ne akisikuru daakye.

Ɛte sɛ kanea kɔkɔɔ bi a ɛwɔ kwan so. Ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛka sɛ, ‘Hwɛ yiye, brɛ wo ho ase, na fa ahwɛyiye toa so.’ Enti, sɛ wuhu sɛ wowɔ `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` a, ebetumi ayɛ hu. Nanso, susuw ho sɛ hokwan a wode bedi w’akwahosan ho dwuma. Wo ne w’ani ho ɔbenfo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo nka eyi ho asɛm. Ɛho hia sɛ wote sɛnea mogya mmoroso ka w’akwahosan ne sɛnea wobetumi de ayaresa adi ho dwuma no ase pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Esiane sɛ mogya mmoroso abu so wɔ mpanyimfo a wɔadi boro mfe 40 mu nti, hypertensive retinopathy nso abu so wɔ wɔn mu. Nhwehwɛmufo bu akontaa sɛ tebea no ka mpanyimfo a wonni asikreyare no mu 4% kosi 18.7%. Ɛwom sɛ ebetumi aka nnipa a wofi abusuakuw biara mu de, nanso abu so kakra wɔ abibifo ne Chinafo abusua mu.

Dɛn ne `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Nnipa pii nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Eyi ne ade a asiane wom sen biara. Sɛ wunnim sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi a, ebetumi asɛe nneɛma pii. Nanso, bere a tebea no mu yɛ den no, ebia wuntumi nhu nneɛma yiye te sɛ kan no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia w’ani nhu ade yiye.

Dɛn nti na eyi rekɔ so? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Nea ɛde hypertensive retinopathy ba titiriw ne mogya mmoroso bere tenten. Fa no sɛ, sɛ nhyɛso a ɛwɔ mogya ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ w’aniwa mu no mu kɔ soro a, saa ntini no mu yɛ den na ɛyɛ den bere tenten sen sɛnea ɛte daa. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi sɛ vasospasm. Sɛ mogya ntini no mu ntini no yɛ teateaa a, mogya dodow a ɛsen kɔ retina no mu no sua. Ɛte sɛ nea wode wo nsa repiapia sare a wɔnom, na mogya ntini no mu ayɛ den.

Bere kɔ so no, mogya ntini a ɛwɔ retina no mu no de nkakrankakra yɛ den na ɛyɛ den. Eyi ma ɛyɛ den sɛ mogya bɛsen. Sɛ nhyɛso no kɔ so yɛ kɛse a, mogya ntini yi betumi asɛe kɛse mpo, na ɛde ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den te sɛ aniwa a ɛyera aba.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛde eyi ba?

Asiane a ɛho hia sen biara ne mogya mmoroso a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Nea ɛka ho no, asiane afoforo pii wɔ hɔ:

• Sɛ wowɔ koma ne ntini mu yare ho abakɔsɛm, titiriw tebea horow a ɛka mogya ntini atitiriw a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu (carotid artery disease).
• Sigaretnom anaa tawanom.
• Mogya mu srade a ɛkɔ soro.
• Kɛse mmoroso, kyerɛ sɛ, srade a ɛboro so.
• Asikre dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ mogya mu (prediabetes anaa hyperglycemia).
• `(Creatinine),` a ɛyɛ nwura a mpɛn pii no asaabo no yiyi mu dodow a ɛkɔ soro.
• Sɛ wowɔ `(Albumin)` (protein bi) kakra wɔ wo nsuo mu.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba wɔ `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` mu?

Sɛ wɔanni eyi ho dwuma yiye a, ɔhaw ahorow bi betumi asɔre:

• Anisoadehu mu yɛ den nkakrankakra na ebetumi ama obi ani afura mpo.
• Wɔfrɛ retina a ɛho ahonhon no macular edema.
• Mogya a ɛnnɔɔso mma retina ne optic nerve.
• Retina detachment yɛ retina no a ɛtetew ne ntini a ɛboa no mu.

Afei nso, mogya mmoroso a ɛde hypertensive retinopathy ba no ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya aniwa mu nyarewa afoforo no yɛ kɛse. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Retinal artery occlusion yɛ ntini bi a ɛde mogya kɔ retina no mu a esiw.
• Retina vein occlusion yɛ ntini bi a ɛsiw mogya fi retina no mu.
• Asikreyare a ɛde retinopathy (aniwa a asikreyare de ba) reyɛ kɛse.

Sɛnea wobehu `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`?

Aniwa ho animdefo na wohu sɛ obi anya saa tebea yi. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔayɛ eyi no, wɔyɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Sua w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm (titiriw sɛ ebia wowɔ mogya mmoroso ne bere tenten a woanya bi).
• Wɔyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ.
• Wɔtwa wo retina no mfonini. Wɔde akwan titiriw a wɔfa so hwehwɛ nneɛma te sɛ Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) na ɛyɛ eyi.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na oduruyɛfo no hu?

Ebia w’ankasa worentumi nhu `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nanso aniwa ho oduruyɛfo bɛhwehwɛ eyinom bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wotumi hu wɔ `(Retina)` mu no bi ne:

• Mogya ntini nketenkete paa a ɛyɛ teateaa (Arterioles).
• Saa `(Arterioles)` yi afasu no bɛyɛ den.
• Nsonsonoe fitaa a ɛte sɛ mununkum (Cotton wool nsensanee).
• Microaneurysms (eyinom yɛ mogya ntini nketenkete a atrɛw) a ɛte sɛ nsensanee kɔkɔɔ nketenkete.
• Nsu a ɛyɛ den yɛ nsensanee kɔkɔɔ a srade ne protein a ɛretu fi mogya ntini a asɛe mu ayɛ.
• Aniwa ntini ti a ɛho ahonhon (Papilledema).

Nsɛnkyerɛnne bi te sɛ ``(Papilledema),'' da adi bere a yare no mu yɛ den kɛse nkutoo.

Dɛn ne `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` no fã ahorow?

Nnuruyɛfo de nsɛmfua "stages" anaa "grades" di dwuma de kyerɛ sɛnea yare bi mu yɛ den. Wɔtaa kyekyɛ retinopathy a ɛma mogya tu mu no mu anan (Grade 1 kosi Grade 4) a egyina sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Grade 1 no, sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw te sɛ ntini a ɛyɛ teateaa no na ɛda adi. Grade 4 no yɛ nea ɛda adi sɛ retina no sɛe kɛse.

Nkyekyɛmu foforo kyekyɛ mu abiɛsa: Mild, Moderate, ne Malignant (eyi ne ɔfã a emu yɛ den sen biara). Bere a wo duruyɛfo ahwɛ w’ani awie no, ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ gyinabea a wo tebea no wɔ ne sɛnea ɛbɛka wo no mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛsa eyi?

Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ ayaresa mu ne sɛ ɛbɛtew wo mogya so.Mpɛn pii no, eyi fa asetra mu nsakrae ne/anaasɛ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ho. Wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo.

Sɛ yɛreka asetra mu nsakrae ho asɛm a:

• Mu duru a ɛfata a wobɛkɔ so akura mu ama wo.
• Aduan a ahoɔden wom a wobedi akyi, titiriw nkyene a wobɛtew so no ho hia yiye.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa . Bɔ mmɔden sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, wubenya simma 150 apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu yɛ den te sɛ nantew dapɛn biara.
• Nsã a wɔnom ano hye.

Sɛ wuhia nnuru ma wo mogya mmoroso a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo nnuru ko a wuhia ne dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wonom. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛnom w’aduru no sɛnea wɔakyerɛw ama wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ na woanom bere ano. Nnyae w’aduru nom da a wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa.

So wobetumi asa Hypertensive Retinopathy?

Yiw, wubetumi! Sɛ wofa aduru a ɛbɛma wo mogya mmoroso so atew a, ebetumi aboa ma wo retina no ayɛ yiye. Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ mogya mmoroso retinopathy ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi betumi atu mpɔn bere a bere kɔ so no, bere a wɔsa no yare no. Nanso, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na eyi ba, na egyina sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den so. Sɛ wufi ase sa yare no ntɛm, ansa na yare no mu ayɛ den a, wowɔ hokwan kɛse sɛ wobɛsan asɛe wo retina no.

Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne wo nnuruyɛfo yɛ adwuma yiye de hwɛ wo mogya mmoroso ne w’akwahosan nyinaa so.

Sɛ mewɔ saa tebea yi a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Wo nkɔmhyɛ gyina nneɛma pii so, a sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den ne sɛnea wohwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛmntɛm ka ho. Nnipa binom ntumi nhu ade koraa, na mogya mmoroso a ɛma obi ani so yɛ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne kɔ bere a nhyɛso no so atew no. Ebia afoforo nso ani nhu ade yiye anaa nsɛnnennen afoforo a ehia sɛ wɔsa wɔn yare bio.

W’ani ho oduruyɛfo ne abusua oduruyɛfo betumi agyina w’ankorankoro tebea so akyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan.

Hypertensive Retinopathy ne Koma Yare Ho Asiane

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` yɛ kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw ahorow wɔ mogya a ɛkɔ wo nipadua no afã afoforo mu. Ebia ɔhaw ahorow yi wɔ hɔ dedaw, anaasɛ ebetumi aba daakye. Nnipa a wɔwɔ `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya koma ne ntini mu nyarewa ahorow. Eyinom bi ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ wo koma mu ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa mogya a ɛkɔ ntini ahorow a ɛde mogya kɔ amemene no mu (Carotid ntini ahorow) mu.

Enti, ebia wo duruyɛfo besi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi de ahwɛ sɛnea wo koma anaa wo carotid ntini ahorow no te. Efisɛ sɛ wo retina no nnya mogya a ɛdɔɔso a, ebia w’amemene no nso nnya mogya a ɛdɔɔso.

Ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo yɛ adwuma na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya saa tebea horow yi so atew. Ebia nea ɛka eyi ho ne asetra mu nsakrae, nnuru, ne ayaresa afoforo. Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wonom nnuru bi na ama woadi ayaresa tebea horow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no ho dwuma na woatew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den te sɛ ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase no so.

So wobetumi asiw Hypertensive Retinopathy ano?

Yiw, wubetumi aboa ma wɔasiw tebea yi ano akodu baabi:

• Kɔ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu afe biara. Wo duruyɛfo bɛsusuw wo mogya mmoroso na wakyerɛ wo nea ebefi mu aba. Nim a wunim sɛ wowɔ mogya mmoroso no ne ade a edi kan a wobɛfa so atew so.
• Di mogya mmoroso ho dwuma. Sɛ wo mogya mmoroso yɛ kɛse a, wo duruyɛfo no ne wo bɛkasa afa akwan a wobɛfa so ama akɔ fam akodu baabi a ɛfata ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nsakrae wɔ asetra mu (te sɛ aduan a ɛma koma nya ahoɔden) anaa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa. Ebia wɔbɛkyerɛw nnuru nso ama wo.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ ne sɛ wubedi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi na ama woahwɛ wo mogya mmoroso so. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne w’aduru a wobɛnom sɛnea wɔakyerɛw ama wo no. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe anaa sɛnea wutumi bata ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu?

Kɔ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu afe biara. Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛho hia , a wo mogya mmoroso ka ho. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa te sɛ eyinom betumi aboa wo ma woahu ɔhaw ahorow no ntɛm ansa na ayɛ aniberesɛm.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn daa nso kɔyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu. Ɛsɛ sɛ mpanyimfo dodow no ara a wɔadi boro mfe 40 no yɛ wɔn aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu koraa afe anaa abien biara. W’ani ho ɔbenfo bɛkyerɛ wo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ hɔ, a egyina w’ani akwahosan, wo mfe a woadi, ne nneɛma afoforo so.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a egye ntɛmpɛ?

Sɛ wowɔ mogya mmoroso ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, frɛ 911 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara. Eyi yɛ tebea a mogya mmoroso kɔ soro kɛse a wɔmmɔ kɔkɔ. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no bi ne:

• Mogya mmoroso a ɛyɛ 180/120 mmHg anaa nea ɛboro saa.
• Koko mu yaw.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Nnipa a wɔyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nsakrae a ɛba wɔ anisoadehu mu.
• Ɔkasa a ɛyɛ den.

Sɛ wuhu sɛ wowɔ Hypertensive Retinopathy a, ebetumi ayɛ ahodwiriw. Ebia na wunim sɛ wo mogya mmoroso, nanso wunhu sɛ ɛreka w’ani. Anaasɛ ebia na wunnim sɛ wo mogya mmoroso nyɛ nea ɛfata. Nanso, mprempren ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wusua pii fa wo yare no ne nea ɛkyerɛ ma wo no ho. Wo ne w’ani ho ɔyaresafo ne abusua oduruyɛfo nyɛ adwuma na woanya ayaresa a wuhia. Mo nyinaa bom betumi abɔ w’anisoadehu ne w’akwahosan nyinaa ho ban mfe pii a ɛreba no.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

• Hypertensive Retinopathy yɛ aniwa no retina a ɛsɛe a mogya mmoroso de ba.
• Mpɛn pii no, sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ wɔ mfiase, enti ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ w’ani daa.
• Saa tebea yi nso betumi ayɛ kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no afã afoforo te sɛ koma ne amemene no mu haw ahorow.
• Ayaresa titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ mogya mmoroso so, na sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔnom nnuru.
• Sɛ wohu na wɔsa no ntɛm a, wobetumi atew anisoadehu a ɛsɛe no so na ebia wɔasa koraa mpo.
• Wo ne wo nnuruyɛfo nkasa na di wɔn akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Mma wo ho nnpopo, bɔ wo amanneɛ, na tu anammɔn a ɛho hia. W’akwahosan wɔ wo nsam!

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