Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ - Dɛn ne eyi? So ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wɔbɛhwehwɛ wo nipadua mu, ne wo akasa, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobebisa wo nsɛm bi de ahwɛ w’adwene’, ɛnte saa? Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, w’adwene tebea. Ebia nnipa binom behu sɛ eyi yɛ nwonwa kakra. "Adɛn nti na worebisa me saa nsɛm yi? Wosusu sɛ mabɔ dam?" Ebia woresusuw ho. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no 'Mental Status Exam'. Mma ɛnhaw wo, eyi nyɛ aniberesɛm sɛnea wususuw no, nokwarem no abu so kɛse. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea eyi kyerɛ ankasa ne nea enti a ɛho hia.

Dɛn ne Adwene mu Gyinabea Sɔhwɛ yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hwehwɛ w’adwene ne w’amemene mu, te sɛ nea oduruyɛfo bɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu no. Ɛfa sɛnea wubesua sɛnea wusua na wote wiase a atwa wo ho ahyia no ase ho adwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wubenya ho. Ɛwom sɛ adwenemyare ho animdefo taa de di dwuma de, nanso oduruyɛfo biara betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi.

Wɔ nhwehwɛmu yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de n’adwene besi wo ho nneɛma a edidi so yi so titiriw:

• Wo honam ani hwɛbea ne w’ahotew wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so
• Wo suban ne wo nipadua mu kankan
• Sɛnea wuhu na wote wiase a atwa wo ho ahyia no ase (Nsusuwii) .
• Sɛnea woda wo nkate ne wo nkate adi (Mood and affect) .
• Wo nkate mu tumi (Cognition). Ɛno kyerɛ nneɛma te sɛ adwene a wɔde si biribi so, nkae, nsusuwii a wotumi susuw nneɛma ho, ne gyinaesi ho tumi.

Saa sɔhwɛ yi boa kɛse wɔ adwenemyare tebea horow (te sɛ adwenemhaw anaa dadwen ) ne nyarewa a ɛfa ntini ahorow ho (te sɛ Alzheimer yare anaa Parkinson yare) , ne hwɛ a wɔhwɛ sɛ ebia saa tebea horow no sesa bere a bere kɔ so no mu.

Nsɛm bɛn mu na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Mpɛn pii no, bere biara a wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn, anaasɛ bere a worekɔhwɛ wo akyi no, wo duruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi afã horow. Nsɛm a wobenya no bɛboa wɔn ma wɔasi gyinae sɛ ebia wuhia nhwehwɛmu foforo biara ne ayaresa ko a eye ma wo.

Afei nso, nneɛma afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka nea efi sɔhwɛ yi mu ba no. Oduruyɛfo no besusuw eyinom nyinaa ho.

• W’amammerɛ: Ɛsono sɛnea amammerɛ ahorow bi da nkate adi.
• Wo kurom kasa: Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wubebua esiane kasa ho asɛm bi nti.
• Wo nhomasua dodow: Ebia wo nhomasua dodow bɛka nsɛmmisa bi ho mmuae.
• Nneɛma afoforo a efi akyi: Nneɛma te sɛ nna a wonnya, ɔkɔm, ne ɛyaw betumi asɛe w’adwene ne wo nkae.

Enti, oduruyɛfo remfa nhwehwɛmu yi nkutoo so nkyerɛ da sɛ wowɔ yare bi. Ɔbɛyɛ saa denam nsɛm afoforo pii a efi wo hɔ a ɔbɛka abom so. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne:

• Wo mprempren ayaresa tebea no ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Wo abakɔsɛm a ɛfa adwenemyare a woadi kan anya ho.
• Wo nyarewa afoforo ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri (aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a atwam).
• Nnubɔne anaa nsa a wɔde di dwuma ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Wo fekubɔ ne abusua mu nsɛm.
• Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no nyinaa.
• Ntini mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.

Enti, dɛn ankasa na oduruyɛfo no hwehwɛ wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

Yebetumi akyekyɛ sɔhwɛ yi mu abien. Biako ne nsɛm a oduruyɛfo no benya denam wo a ɔbɛhwɛ wo no so. Ɔfoforo no ne nsɛm a obenya denam nsɛm a obebisa wo so.

Nneɛma a wɔhwɛ

Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo fi bere a wobɛhyɛn dan no mu no. Mfa eyi sɛ detective adwuma, eyi ne sɛ wubenya wo tebea no ho mfonini a emu da hɔ.

Nsɛmmisa a wobisa ne nneɛma a wɔhwehwɛ mu

Wɔ nea oduruyɛfo no hwɛ akyi no, obebisa nsɛm tẽẽ na ama wasua pii afa w’adwene mu dwumadi ho.

• Adwene: Mmɔden a wobɛbɔ sɛ wobɛkari wo adwene denam asɛmmisa tiawa bi a wubebisa te sɛ "Wo te nka dɛn?"
• Nea woredwen ho: Bisa nea ɛwɔ w’adwene mu ho asɛm, titiriw adwene a ɛne sɛ wobɛpira wo ho (adwene a ɛne sɛ wubekum wo ho) , adwene a ɛne sɛ wobɛpira afoforo, ne nsusuwii hunu a wukura mu denneennen ɛwom mpo sɛ ɛne wo gyidi bɔ abira .
• Nkate: Bisa nea wofa wo nkatede anum (aniwa, aso, hwene, tɛkrɛma, honam ani) so hu ho asɛm. Eyi hwɛ titiriw sɛ ebia wote anaasɛ wuhu nneɛma a enni hɔ (hallucinations) .
• Nhumu: Eyi kyerɛ ntease dodow a wowɔ wɔ wo ho, wo nneyɛe, ne sɛnea woyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔmanfo ho.
• Atemmu: 1 .Ɛsɔ sɛnea wutumi si gyinae pa hwɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi abisa wo asɛm bi te sɛ, "Sɛ wuhu envelope bi a address wɔ so bere a worekɔ abɔnten so a, dɛn na wobɛyɛ?" Wo nneyɛe a atwam, te sɛ sɛ ebia wobɛnom w’aduru sɛnea wɔakyerɛw ama wo no nso betumi aka eyi.

Ne titiriw no, wɔsɔ w’adwene tumi (Cognition) hwɛ.

Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ no fã a ɛho hia yiye. Ɛboa wo ma wunya sɛnea w’amemene reyɛ adwuma no ho adwene a emu da hɔ.

• Anigye a Wobɛma: Hwɛ sɛnea w’adwene mu da hɔ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ́ ebia woada koraa na woayɛ ho biribi, anaasɛ wowɔ stupor anaasɛ coma mu.
• Orientation: Eyi ne ɔfã a ebia woate "Hena? Ɛhe? Bere bɛn?" nsɛmmisa. Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo wo din, beae a wowɔ (ayaresabea, kurow), ne da a wobɛyɛ.
• Adwene a wode si biribi so na wode w’adwene si biribi so: Eyi sɔ bere tenten a wubetumi de w’adwene asi ade biako so no hwɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ yi 7 mfi 100. Anaasɛ wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ bɔ wo nsam bere a wote nkyerɛwde ‘A’ bere a wote nkyerɛwde kakraa bi no.
• Nkaeɛ: Ɛsɔ nkaeɛ afã ahodoɔ hwɛ.
• Nkae ntɛm ara: Wɔka nsɛmfua abiɛsa na wɔsrɛ sɛ wɔnsan ntĩ mu ntɛm ara.
• Nnansa yi nkae: Simma kakraa bi akyi no, wɔte nsɛm abiɛsa a woadi kan aka no bio.
• Bere tenten a wobɛkae: Bisa wo nsɛm dedaw te sɛ baabi a wɔwoo wo ne baabi a wokɔɔ sukuu ho asɛm.
• Nsusuwii a ɛnyɛ adwene: Eyi sɔ sɛnea wubetumi ate ntease ne nsusuwii ahorow a ahintaw ase no hwɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wubetumi abisa sɛ, "Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ne akutu ntam?" Anaasɛ wobɛtumi abisa sɛ, "Dɛn ne kasakoa a ɛne sɛ, 'Ginger te sɛ chili pepper.'"

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, dɛn na ɛba akyi?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo no hu biribi a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ nhwehwɛmu no mu a, ɔrenka ntɛm ara sɛ wowɔ yare bi. Nea edi kan no, obebisa wo nsɛm pii. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so a, ebia obebisa sɛ, “Nna ahe na woanna yiye?” Eyi betumi afi biribi a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ nna a wonnya.

Afei, ebia wɔbɛhyɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi mfa nhu sɛ ebia honam fam biribi de wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba anaa.

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a emu yɛ den kɛse.

• Amemene mu mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ PET scan anaa amemene mu MRI .
• EEG (Electroencephalogram) sɔhwɛ (a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea amemene no mu anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma).
• Nsu a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu (amemene mu nsuo) mu nhwehwɛmu.

Eyi nyinaa akyi no, wo duruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea efi nhwehwɛmu ahorow no mu aba mu akyerɛ wo na ɔne wo asi nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi no ho gyinae.