Seesei worehwɛ kwan. Saa bere yi de, oduruyɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow nhwɛ sɛ biribiara rekɔ yiye ama wo ne akokoaa a ɔwɔ w’awotwaa mu no anaa, ɛnte saa? Ɛnnɛ yɛreka mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔyɛ wɔ nyinsɛn no fã a ɛto so abien mu ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ 'Quad Screen' anaa 'Quad Marker Screen'.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Quad Screen?
Eyi yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den koraa. Wɔyɛ no wɔ wo nyinsɛn no adapɛn 15 kosi 20 ntam . Saa nhwehwɛmu yi betumi ama wo duruyɛfo anya adwene bi sɛ ebia wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ Down syndrome anaa.
Adɛn nti na wɔfrɛ eyi "Quad"?
"Quad" kyerɛ anan wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu. Enti wɔfrɛ sɔhwɛ yi saa efisɛ ɛkyerɛ nneɛma pɔtee anan dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Saa nneɛma anan no ne:
- AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.
- HCG (Onipa chorionic gonadotropin) .
- Estriol (estrogen bi) .
- Inhibin-A a wɔde di dwuma
Dɛn na sɔhwɛ ahorow yi rehwehwɛ?
Quad Screen no hwehwɛ titiriw sɛ ebia akokoaa no wɔ asiane mu wɔ awosu mu tebea horow pii ho anaa. Tebea atitiriw no bi ne:
- Trisomy 21: Tebea a yɛn nyinaa nim no sɛ Down syndrome.
- Trisomy 18: Tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Edwards syndrome.
- Neural tube defects (NTDs): Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛba bere a akokoaa amemene ne n’akyi berɛmo nyin ho.
Nanso biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wote ase ni . Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu ara kwa. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ asiane ho nhwehwɛmu ara kwa. Saa sɔhwɛ yi nkyerɛ sɛ wo ba no benya tebea pɔtee bi 100%. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ asiane bi wɔ hɔ, na ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ foforo.
So ɛyɛ ahyɛde sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?
Dabi, eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ ahyɛde. Sɛ wopɛ nkutoo a, wubetumi ayɛ. Nanso, nnuruyɛfo a wɔhwɛ ɛnanom a wɔyem taa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi. Efisɛ ebetumi ama woadi kan anya akokoaa no akwahosan ho adwene bi.
Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ara ne sɛ wubegye mogya ketewaa bi afi wo nsa mu. Egye bɛyɛ simma 5-10. Ɛrempira wo anaa wo ba no. Enti ɛho nhia sɛ wohaw wo ho.
4 nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwehwɛ wɔ mogya mu ne nea ɛkyerɛ
Afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea nsakrae ahorow anan no kyerɛ. Ebia eyi bɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra, nanso mɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu tiawa.
| Ade a wɔsusuw wɔ mogya mu | Nea wɔkenkan fi ne gyinabea |
|---|---|
| Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma. | Akokoaa no mmerɛbo na ɛyɛ. Sɛ AFP dodow no kɔ soro yiye a , ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ tebea horow te sɛ ntini mu ntini a ɛtɔ sin. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a AFP dodow no betumi akɔ soro sɛ woanyinsɛn adapɛn kakraa bi anaasɛ wokura mmanoma a. Sɛ AFP dodow no sua a , ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya Down syndrome. |
| Estriol (uE) (UE) . | Akokoaa no ne awotwaa no nyinaa na wɔyɛ saa hormone yi. Sɛ ɛba fam a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya Down syndrome no akɔ soro. |
| Nnipa a wɔfrɛ wɔn chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) . | Saa hormone yi na awotwaa no na ɛyɛ. HCG dodow a ɛkɔ soro sen sɛnea ɛte daa no betumi ayɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya Down syndrome no kɛse ho sɛnkyerɛnne. |
| Inhibin-A a wɔde di dwuma | Wo mmadwoa ne wo awotwaa na ɛyɛ saa protein yi. Sɛ ne dodow kɔ soro sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan a, ebetumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya akokoaa a ɔwɔ Down syndrome no ayɛ kɛse. |
Mesan ka bio sɛ, eyinom yɛ asiane ahorow ara kwa. Esiane sɛ ɛsono saa dodow yi mu biako nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no benya ɔhaw bi. Wo duruyɛfo de nea efi mu ba yi bɛtoto nneɛma afoforo te sɛ mfe a woadi ho de ahwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ mu no.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn anya nea efi mu ba?
Mpɛn pii no, wubenya sɔhwɛ yi mu aba wɔ nnanan kosi anum ntam. Eyi betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina lab ne wo duruyɛfo so.
Na sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ ‘Normal’ nso ɛ?
Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ ‘Normal’ anaa ‘Negative’ a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ba no benya awosu mu tebea a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no sua . Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, mpɛn pii no oduruyɛfo no renkamfo nkyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu foforo. Nanso, sɛ ɛyɛ ‘asiane a ɛba fam’ mpo a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw biara nni hɔ 100%. Nanso ɛkyerɛ sɛ asiane no sua koraa.
Na sɛ nea efi mu ba ne ‘Abnormal’ nso ɛ?
Nha wo ho. Nea efi mu ba ‘Abnormal’ anaa ‘Positive’ nkyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no wɔ yare bi. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ asiane no sõ na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ foforo .
Saa bere yi de, wo duruyɛfo no ne wo bɛkasa na wakyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi. Ebia wɔbɛkyerɛ nso sɛ wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo bi.
- Ultrasound Scan a Ɛkɔ Akyiri: Eyi ma wuhu akokoaa no nipadua mu nhyehyɛe ahorow yiye.
- Amniocentesis: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛfa amniotic nsu a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no mu kakraa bi na wɔahwehwɛ akokoaa no nkwammoaa mu de ahu awosu mu tebea horow. Asiane ketewaa bi wɔ nhwehwɛmu yi mu, enti ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo susuw ho ansa na woasi gyinae.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda NIPT ne Quad Screen ntam?
Ebia woate sɔhwɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no NIPT (Noninvasive Prenatal Testing) nso ho asɛm. Ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu nso a ɛhwɛ asiane.
- Wobetumi ayɛ NIPT nhwehwɛmu no ntɛm wɔ adapɛn 10 akyi wɔ nyinsɛn no akyi. Ɛhwehwɛ awotwaa no DNA a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no mu de hwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ.
- Wɔyɛ Quad Screen no wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a ɛto so abien no mu . Ɛnhwɛ akokoaa no DNA, na mmom ɛhwɛ sɛnea hormone ne protein dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no.
Saa sɔhwɛ abien yi nyinaa yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde ‘hwehwɛ nneɛma mu’ a ɛkyerɛ asiane, na ɛnyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde kyerɛ sɛ obi anya yare. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa na ɔnkyerɛ nhwehwɛmu a eye ma wo.
Akokoaa a wobɛhwɛ kwan no yɛ bere a ɛyɛ anigye, nanso ebetumi de nkate pii nso aba. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen nka kakra bere a wote sɔhwɛ ahorow yi ho ade no. Nanso ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bɛbɔ wo hu. Wɔayɛ no sɛ ɛbɛboa wo ma woadi kan ahu wo ba no akwahosan na sɛ ɛho hia a, woasiesie wo ho ama no. Enti sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi a, mfa nkura w’adwene mu na bisa wo duruyɛfo.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Quad Screen yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ ahyɛde a wɔyɛ wɔ nyinsɛn no fã a ɛto so abien mu.
- Eyi hwɛ sɛ ebia akokoaa no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ Down syndrome anaa.
- Eyi yɛ ‘nhwehwɛmu’ sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ asiane, na ɛnyɛ ‘hwehwɛ a wɔde hu yare’ a ɛkyerɛ yare bi koraa.
- Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ ‘Abnormal’ a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ sɔhwɛ foforo ho hia.
- Ansa na wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu biara na woanya nea efii mu bae akyi no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw nneɛma a ɛhaw wo ne adwenem naayɛ nyinaa ho.
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