Fɛn o fɛn bɛ banakisɛw kan - an tɛ se ka jugu fitinin minnu ye - nɔgɔya la !

An bɛɛ ye banakisɛw ko mɛn, tiɲɛ tɛ? Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la kɔsa in na ni `(COVID-19)` ye, banakisɛ daɲɛ kɛra an ka ɲɛnamaya kɔnɔko dɔ ye. Nka, banakisɛ ye mun ye tigitigi? U b’an bana cogo di? Aw kana aw hakili ɲagami, bi an bɛna kuma nin bɛɛ kan cogo nɔgɔman na ani cogo jɛlen na, i n’a fɔ an bɛ kuma an terikɛ dɔ fɛ.

Banakisɛ ye mun ye? (Virus ye mun ye?)

N’an y’a fɔ cogo nɔgɔman na, banakisɛ ye banakisɛ fitininba ye . U ka dɔgɔ fo an tɛ se k’u ye hali n’an ɲɛw ye, u bɛ i n’a fɔ binkannikɛla fitininw. Nin banakisɛ ninnu tɛ se ka hadamadenw, baganw, jiriw dɔrɔn de minɛ, nka u bɛ se ka banakisɛw ni ɲɛgɛnw fana minɛ. Nka fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kelen bɛ yen, banakisɛ bɛɛ tɛ mɔgɔ bɛɛ minɛ. U bɛ banakisɛ sɔrɔ dɔrɔn ni u ye "so" bɛnnen sɔrɔ u yɛrɛ ye. an b' o wele ko jatigila kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen .

Ni banakisɛ donna fari la, tuma dɔw la a bɛ se ka kɛ dimi tɛ a la pewu. Nka tuma dɔw la, a bɛ se ka kɛ ko juguba ye. Bana suguya dɔw filɛ nin ye, banakisɛw bɛ se ka minnu lase mɔgɔ ma:

• Bana minnu bɛ ninakili gɛlɛya (misali la farigan, mura) .
• Kɔnɔdimi, fɔɔnɔ, kɔnɔboli
• Cɛnimusoko banakisɛw (STI) .
• Faribanaw (misali la, kɔnɔboli, kurukuruw) .

Aw ye miiri nin cogo la: banakisɛ bɛ i n’a fɔ jamu kunnafoni fitinin dɔ min sirilen bɛ “pake” fitinin kɔnɔ. O foroko in, walima a tangalan, o bɛ wele ko capsid . Banakisɛw tɛ dilan ni farikolokisɛw ye. O la, u tɛ se ka banakisɛ caman dilan u yɛrɛ ma. U bɛ min kɛ, o ye k’u ka cikanw ta, ka don jatigila selilɛri dɔ kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ anw ta, ka baara kɛ ni baarakɛminɛnw ye minnu bɛ o seli kɔnɔ walasa k’u yɛrɛ kopiw dilan.

A bɛ i n’a fɔ mɔgɔ dɔ bɛ don i ka dumunikɛyɔrɔ la sonyali la, ka na n’a yɛrɛ ka furakɛcogo ye, ka baara kɛ n’i ka dagaw, i ka dagaw ani tasuma ye walasa k’i ka dumuni tobi. A fɔ man di nka, u bɛ laban ka dumunikɛyɔrɔ ɲagami n’u banna!

Tuma dɔw la, banakisɛw bɛ wele ko "virions".

Banakisɛw ka teli ka kɛ fɛn jumɛnw ye?

A bɛ se ka fɔ ko banakisɛw bɛɛ bɛ ni jogo damadɔ ye minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta. Aw ye a lajɛ:

• U bɛ kɛ ni jamu fɛnw ye (ARN walima ADN) ani farikolojɔlifɛn dɔ (capsid) min bɛ a lamini.
• Banakisɛ dɔw bɛ ni kɛnɛma datugulan ye nin kapisi in sanfɛ. o bɛ wele ko anwɛlɛki . Banakisɛ minnu tɛ ni o datugulan ye, olu bɛ wele ko "banakisɛ farilankolonw".
• banakisɛw bɛ i n' a fɔ parazitiw . U mago bɛ jatigila selilɛri la tigitigi walasa ka den sɔrɔ. U bɛ se ka balo jatigila kɔkan waati dɔ kɔnɔ, nka fo ka se kapisili ka tiɲɛ dɔrɔn.
• A ka dɔgɔn siɲɛ 100 fo 1000 ɲɔgɔn ka tɛmɛ an farikolo yɔrɔw kan. A ka gɛlɛn ka miiri, tiɲɛ tɛ?

Banakisɛ suguya jumɛnw bɛ yen?

Dɔgɔtɔrɔw ni dɔnnikɛlaw bɛ banakisɛw tila ka kɛɲɛ n’u cogoya ye (u bonya, u cogoya) ani u ka jamu suguya min bɛ u kɔnɔ. U tilalen don denbayaw ye, i n’a fɔ kabilaw. N’a sɔrɔ aw ye banakisɛ suguya minnu mɛn, olu dɔw filɛ nin ye:

An bɛ to ka banakisɛ suguya dɔw mɛn

• Kunfilanitu banakisɛw : Olu de bɛ mura (mura) bila mɔgɔ la. Nin kunfilanitu banakisɛ ninnu fana bɛ fɛnw lase mɔgɔ ma i n’a fɔ kɔnɔboli ni donsoya (H1N1).
• Adamadenw ka hɛrɛsibanakisɛw : Nin ye banakisɛw denbayaba dɔ ye. U de ye bana caman sababu ye, i n’a fɔ da kɔnɔ ni cɛya la, kɔnɔboli, ŋɛɲɛ, Epstein-Barr banakisɛ, ani sitomegalovirus (CMV).
• Coronavirus: Bɛɛ bɛ nin tɔgɔ in dɔn sisan, ɔnhɔn? Banakisɛ min bɛ COVID-19 lase mɔgɔ ma, o de ye nin denbaya in kɔnɔmɔgɔ tɔgɔba ye. Nka nin denbaya kelen in kɔnɔ banakisɛ dɔw fana bɛ bana misɛnniw lase mɔgɔ ma i n’a fɔ farigan.
• Hadamadenw ka Papilomavirusi (HPV): Olu de bɛ kurukuruw bila mɔgɔ la. HPV suguya dɔw fana bɛ se ka kansɛri bila mɔgɔ la.
• Kɔnɔnatumuw : Nin banakisɛ ninnu bɛ banakisɛw bila an banakɔtaa la. U de ye fɛnw sababu ye i n’a fɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ni bolo, senna ani da bana.
• Flaviviruses (Flaviviruses): Nin banakisɛ kulu in bɛ jɛnsɛn ka caya sosow fɛ. U bɛ banaw lase mɔgɔ ma i n’a fɔ Dengue fever, Zika, ani West Nile.
• Orthopoxviruses (banakisɛfagalanw) : Nin banakisɛ ninnu bɛ fari kurukuruniw bila mɔgɔ la. Mpox ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ye nin banakisɛ suguya in misaliw ye.
• Sugunɛbilenni banakisɛw : Hali ni nin banakisɛ ninnu tɛ denbaya kelen kɔnɔ, u bɛɛ bɛ nɔ bila an ka sugunɛ na. Sugunɛbilenni A, B ani C de ka ca.

Banakisɛ suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw

Banakisɛ suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen wɛrɛw fana bɛ yen:

• Retroviruses: Olu ye ARN banakisɛw ye. U bɛ baara kɛ ni farikolojɔlan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye walasa k’u ka ARN sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ ADN ye. O kɔ, u b’o ADN don an ka seliluw ka ADN kɔnɔ. O kɔfɛ, an ka seliluw bɛ daminɛ ka banakisɛ in ka ADN kalan i n’a fɔ u yɛrɛ ka cikanw. Sidabanakisɛ ( banakisɛ min bɛ sidabana bila mɔgɔ la) ani HTLV-1 ye o fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguw misaliw ye.
• Oncoviruses : Ninnu ye banakisɛw ye minnu bɛ se ka kansɛri bila mɔgɔ la. Banakisɛ minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ HPV, Epstein-Barr banakisɛ, sidabanakisɛ, sugunɛbilenni B ni C, HTLV-1, ani hadamadenw ka hɛrɛsi 8 (HHV-8) olu ni kansɛri suguya dɔw bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na.
• Sateliti banakisɛw: Nin banakisɛ ninnu tɛ se ka bange u yɛrɛ ma. U mago bɛ "dɛmɛbaga" banakisɛ dɔ la. Olu ka teli ka Sɔrɔ jiriw la.
• Banakisɛfagalanw : 1 .Olu fana bɛ Weele ko "fagaw" k'u surunya. Nin banakisɛ ninnu bɛ banakisɛw degun kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la. Sisan, dɔnnikɛlaw bɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ banakisɛfagalanw furakɛli kan, k’a kɛ banakisɛfagalanw furakɛli ye, banakisɛfagalanw tɛ se ka minnu kɛlɛ.

Banakisɛw bɛ don an fari la cogo di?

A ka c’a la, banakisɛw bɛ don an fari la an ka ɲɛgɛnɛsiraw fɛ. O kɔrɔ ye yɔrɔw ye i n’a fɔ ɲɛ, nugu, da, cɛya ni musoya ani musoya. Banakisɛ dɔw fana bɛ se ka don fari la fari la kari fɛ, walima ka bɔ soso walima wulu dɔ fɛ.

Virusw bɛ baara kɛ cogo di?

Banakisɛ dɔ bɛ selilu dɔ minɛ, wa a bɛ fɛɛrɛ caman tigɛ walasa k’a yɛrɛ kopiw dilan.

1. Nɔrɔli: Banakisɛ bɛ fɔlɔ ka nɔrɔ jatigila selilɛri dɔ la.

2. Donni: O kɔ, seli bɛ don.

3. Yɛlɛma-yɛlɛma: Kɔnɔnatumu bɛ a ka jamufɛnw ni a ka farikolojɔlifɛnw kopiw dilan a kɔnɔ.

4. Lajɛ: Yɔrɔ kura minnu dilannen don, olu bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka kɛ banakisɛ dafalen ye.

5. A bɔli : Banakisɛ kura bɛ bɔ farikolokisɛ la ka taa a bila farikolokisɛ wɛrɛw la.

Ka don seli dɔ kɔnɔ

Banakisɛw bɛ fɛɛrɛ saba ɲɔgɔn kɛ walasa ka don selilɛriw kɔnɔ:

• Jaabiw sirili : An ka seliluw bɛ ni minɛbagaw ye kɛnɛma minnu bɛ baara kɛ i n’a fɔ “dakunw”. Banakisɛ dɔw bɛ o farikolokisɛw lafili k’a miiri ko yamaruya bɛ u bolo ka don, ka don o daaw fɛ.
• Fusion directe : Banakisɛ dɔw bɛ nɔrɔ jatigila selilɛri la k’u don a kɔnɔ.
• Banakisɛfagalanw ye banakisɛw ye minnu bɛ u ka jamu dɔrɔn pikiri kɛ banakisɛfagalanw ka selilɛri kɔnɔ. Banakisɛ bɛɛ man kan ka don.

Mun bɛ kɛ don kɔfɛ? (Ka kopiw dilan)

Ni banakisɛ walima a jamu donna selilɛri kɔnɔ dɔrɔn, a bɛ fɛɛrɛ fila kɛ walasa k’a yɛrɛ kopiw dilan. Tuma dɔw la, banakisɛ dɔw bɛ baara kɛ ni o fɛɛrɛ fila bɛɛ ye.

• Lytic cycle : Nin cycle in na, banakisɛ bɛ baara kɛ ni jatigila selilɛri nafolo ye (i n’a fɔ dumunikɛminɛnw) walasa ka a yɛrɛ kopi caman dilan. Banakisɛw bɛ ɲɔgɔn lajɛ, ani jamu fɛnw bɛ taa kapisi kɔnɔ. Ni banakisɛ in kopi caman kɛra o cogo la seli kɔnɔ, seli bɛ laban ka pɛrɛn. O kɔ, banakisɛ kuraw bɛ bɔ ka banakisɛ caman don farikolokisɛ caman na.
• Lizojeni sɛgɛsɛgɛli : Banakisɛ dɔw bɛ waati "dugukolo" walima "dogolen" kɛ. U bɛ don seliw kɔnɔ ka to yen waati dɔ kɔnɔ, u tɛ foyi kɛ. A bɛ i n’a fɔ i bɛ don i ka dumunikɛyɔrɔ la sonyali la k’u ka furakɛcogo sɛbɛn i ka furakɛcogo gafe kɔnɔ sanni i ka tobili kɛ. Kɔnɔnatumu t’a dɔn ko banakisɛ dɔ bɛ a kɔnɔ, o la selilu bɛ tila ka caya ka kɛɲɛ ni a cogo la. Kɔnɔnatumu kura o selilɛri kura bɛ sɔrɔ, o banakisɛ kopi bɛ o la. O kɔ, degun, ka da fɛn dɔ kan i n’a fɔ kemikɛlifɛn dɔw walima funteni jiginni, banakisɛ dogolen bɛ kɛ baara ye, ka pɛrɛn ka don seliluw kɔnɔ, ka banakisɛw jɛnsɛn farikolo fan bɛɛ la.

Banakisɛ suguya wɛrɛw

Banakisɛw bɛ se ka ɲɛfɔ ni jogo wɛrɛw ye:

• U ɲɛda cogoya (u cogoya ni u bonya).
• U ka jamu (genome) cogoyaw.
• Ni structurel proteines ni enveloppe bɛ yen walima ni u tɛ yen.

Banakisɛw cogoyaw

Banakisɛw bɛ se ka kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ kosɛbɛ. Dɔnniyakɛlaw b’u tila ka kɛɲɛ n’u cogoya ye:

• Icosahedral walima polyhedral: Nin ye jateminɛ ye min fan caman bɛ a la, i n’a fɔ ntolatan. Banakisɛ minnu bɛ hadamadenw minɛ, olu fanba bɛ nin cogo in na.
• Helikili: Nin banakisɛ in cogoya bɛ i n’a fɔ silinda. A ka jamu kunnafoniw bɛ siri a kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ jibolisira.
• Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la: Sɛrɛkili banakisɛw ye banakisɛw ye minnu bɛ ni enveloppe ye banakisɛ lamini na, a bɛ kɛ spiral ye walima a bɛ kɛ fɛn caman ye. U ka ca walima u ka dɔgɔ i n’a fɔ bololanɛgɛ.
• Ko gɛlɛn : Banakisɛ gɛlɛnw cogoya ka ca ni kelen ye u faralen ɲɔgɔn kan. Banakisɛ minnu bɛ banakisɛw minɛ, olu "kunkolo" bɛ kɛ ni fɛn caman ye ani "farikolo" ye jiribolo ye.

Banakisɛ in bonya

Banakisɛ bɛɛ ka dɔgɔn kosɛbɛ – u ka dɔgɔ kojugu fo u tɛ se ka ye ni mikroskɔpu barikama tɛ. Ni a suman, u fanba bɛ nanometre 20 (nm) ni 400nm cɛ. Miiri k’a filɛ, o ka dɔgɔ ni cɛncɛn kisɛ ye siɲɛ 2000 ɲɔgɔn ! U ka dɔgɔn siɲɛ 100 fo 1000 ɲɔgɔn ka tɛmɛ an farikolo yɔrɔw kan.

Nka u bonya bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn ta kosɛbɛ. Misali la, sumaya banakisɛ ka bon ni Zika banakisɛ ye siɲɛ duuru ɲɔgɔn.

Banakisɛw ka kunnafoniw jamu kan

Kunnafoni minnu maralen bɛ banakisɛ dɔ kɔnɔ – a ka jamu fɛn – olu ye `(ADN)` walima `(ARN)` ye. `(ADN)` bɛ i n'a fɔ kalan gafe min bɛ banakisɛ in dilacogo fɔ. `(ARN)` bɛ i n’a fɔ cikan minnu bɛ kɛ selilɛri masinw fɛ ani ka baara kɛ ni minnu ye kan dɔ la min bɛ se ka farikolojɔlifɛnw dilan. Banakisɛ bɛ se ka kɛ `(ADN)` walima `(ARN)` ye i n'a fɔ nin:

• Linear walima circular .
• Positif-sense walima négatif-sense : ARN positif-sense bɛ se ka kɛ cikan ye walasa ka banakisɛw dilan k’a ɲɛsin a yɛrɛ ma, k’a sɔrɔ fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛ ma kɛ. ARN banakisɛ minnu bɛ hakilina juguw la, olu bɛ anzimu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw de wajibiya walasa ka ARN hakili ɲuman dilan sani u ka banakisɛw kopiw dilan.
• Fɛn kelen walima fila: ADN banakisɛw bɛ se k’u ka jamu sɔrɔ i n’a fɔ jiribolo kelen (ssDNA) walima i n’a fɔ jiribolo fila minnu sirilen don ɲɔgɔn na (dsDNA). (Hadamaden ka ADN ye fɛn fila ye). A ka c’a la, ARN banakisɛw ye jiri kelen ye, nka ARN banakisɛ dɔw bɛ yen minnu bɛ kɛ jiri fila ye.

Yala banakisɛw ɲɛnama don walima u ɲɛnama tɛ?

Nin ye ɲininkali ye min ka di dɔɔnin. A ka c’a la, dɔnnikɛlaw tɛ banakisɛw jate fɛn ɲɛnamaw ye.O bɛ kɛ barisa fɛn ɲɛnamaw bɛ fɛn minnu kɛ, u tɛ se ka olu dɔw kɛ, i n’a fɔ ka dumuni tigɛli kɛ fanga ye (farikoloɲɛnajɛ). U fana tɛ se ka balo walima ka den sɔrɔ ni jatigila selilɛri tɛ.

Nka fan wɛrɛ fɛ, u bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn falen-falen jatigila selilɛri bɛnnen kɔnɔ, wa u bɛ se ka fɛn caman Changer (yɛrɛla) waati tɛmɛnen kɔfɛ walasa ka ɲɛnamaya. O dɔrɔn tɛ, nka u bɛ se ka jatigila selilɛriw fana tiɲɛ ani k’u tiɲɛ o kɛcogo la. O de kosɔn, mɔgɔ caman bɛ banakisɛw jate fɛn ye min bɛ yɔrɔ jɛlen dɔ la, dancɛ la ɲɛnamaw ni ɲɛnamabaliw cɛ.

Banakisɛw bɛ bana jumɛnw sɔrɔ?

I n’a fɔ an y’a ɲɛfɔ cogo min na ka tɛmɛ, banakisɛw bɛ se ka bana suguya caman lase mɔgɔ ma. Banakisɛ minnu ka teli ka sɔrɔ, olu dɔw ye:

• Farigan min ka teli ka kɛ
• Grippe (Gripe) .
• Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`
• Ninakilidegun banakisɛ `(RSV)`
• Kɔnɔboli
• Sumayabana
• Sidabanakisɛ
• Adamadenw ka papilomavirus/banakisɛw (HPV/banakisɛw) .
• Cɛyabanakisɛ (HSV) .
• Polio banakisɛ
• Rabies (banakisɛfagalan).
• Mpox `(Mpox)`
• Zika (Zika) ye
• Sugunɛbilenni

Fɛn minnu ka kan ka to an hakili la (Take-Home Message) .

Sisan aw ka kan ka hakilina ɲuman sɔrɔ banakisɛw ye fɛn minnu ye. Aw ye aw hakili to a la ko banakisɛw ye fɛn misɛnninw ye minnu cogoya ni u bonya bɛɛ bɛ sɔrɔ. U mago bɛ jatigila la walasa ka bana in minɛ an na. Nka banakisɛ bɛɛ tɛ an bana. Tiɲɛ na, dɔnnikɛlaw b’a fɔ ko banakisɛ miliyari caman bɛ se ka balo an farikolo kɔnɔ, ka kojugu si kɛ!

Nka, banakisɛ minnu bɛ bana bila an na, olu bɛ i n’a fɔ dunanw minnu man ɲi, minnu bɛ na an ka so. O la, an bɛ se k’an yɛrɛ tanga nin banakisɛ ninnu ma, ni an bɛ to ka saniya, ka to ka an tɛgɛ ko, ka boloci kɛ bana dɔw la. Ni bana dɔ bɛ aw la, aw kana ɲinɛ ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ ka ladilikan ɲini. Aw ka to kɛnɛya la!

` Banakisɛw, banakisɛw, banakisɛ suguyaw, banaw, kɛnɛya, farikolo tangacogo, banaw