Kana son a duba maka cutar thyroid? Bari mu koyi game da gwaje-gwajen thyroid ta hanya mai sauƙi!

Shin wani lokacin kana jin gajiya, ko rasa ko ƙara nauyi ba tare da wani dalili ba? Za ka iya tunanin cewa wannan wani abu ne daban. Duk da haka, waɗannan alamun na iya faruwa ne sakamakon wasu canje-canje a cikin glandar thyroid, wani ƙaramin gland mai siffar malam buɗe ido a jikinmu. Don haka, a yau za mu yi magana game da menene waɗannan gwaje-gwajen thyroid, yadda ake yin su, da kuma lokacin da aka gama su. Babu abin tsoro, waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ne masu sauƙi.

Menene Gwaje-gwajen Thyroid?

A taƙaice dai, gwaje-gwajen thyroid jerin gwaje-gwaje ne da ke duba ko glandar thyroid ɗinka tana aiki yadda ya kamata. Yanzu za ka iya mamakin menene glandar thyroid. Ƙaramin gland ne mai siffar malam buɗe ido da ke cikin wuyanka, a ƙasa da ƙashin wuya, a sama da ƙashin ƙirji/ƙirjin ƙirji. Yana aiki a matsayin babban cibiyar kula da yadda jikinmu ke amfani da makamashi. Kamar cibiyar umarni ne!

Idan kana jin gajiya, kasala, ko kuma kawai rashin natsuwa, ko kuma kana jin haushi, ko kuma kana da canjin nauyi da ba a bayyana ba (ƙari ko asara), likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar a yi maka gwajin thyroid. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya taimakawa wajen gano wasu cututtuka da suka shafi thyroid. Misali:

• Rage aikin glandar thyroid, wato, hypothyroidism .
• Ƙara yawan aikin glandar thyroid, wato, hyperthyroidism .
• Kumburin glandar thyroid, wato , thyroiditis .
• Cutar kabari .
• Cutar Hashimoto .

Ana kuma kiran waɗannan gwaje-gwajen aikin thyroid.

Wadanne nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen thyroid ne ake da su?

Akwai manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen thyroid guda biyu. Bari mu dubi menene su.

1. Gwaje-gwajen jinin thyroid: Waɗannan suna auna hormones da antibodies a cikin jininka. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko kana da cututtuka kamar hypothyroidism ko hyperthyroidism. Gwaje-gwajen TSH, T3, T4, da thyroid antibody suna ƙarƙashin wannan rukuni.

2. Gwaje-gwajen hoton thyroid: Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya taimaka wa likitanka ya gani ko kana da wasu ƙuraje (nodules) a wuyanka da kuma ko suna da ciwon daji (malignant) ko kuma marasa lahani (marasa lahani). Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun haɗa da gwaje-gwaje kamar ɗaukar thyroid da duba shi. A wasu daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, ana ba ka ƙaramin adadin ruwa na musamman (abin da ya bambanta) don sha ko allura.

Ta yaya wannan gwajin thyroid na jini yake aiki?

Gwaje-gwajen jinin thyroid suna auna matakan wasu hormones da antibodies a cikin jininka. Idan waɗannan hormones ko antibodies sun yi ƙasa ko yawa, hakan yana nufin kuna iya samun matsalar thyroid. To, yanzu bari mu kalli abin da waɗannan manyan gwaje-gwajen jini ke nema:

• Gwajin TSH: Wannan yana auna hormone mai motsa thyroid (TSH). Wannan shine gwaji na farko da likitoci ke ba da shawara. Wannan hormone, TSH, ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar glandar pituitary da ke cikin kwakwalwarka. Daga nan, wannan hormone na TSH yana tafiya zuwa glandar thyroid kuma yana motsa shi don yin hormones na thyroid (T3 da T4).
• Gwajin T3 (ko gwajin T3 kyauta): Wannan yana auna adadin wani hormone da ake kira triiodothyronine (T3) a cikin jininka. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hormones guda biyu da glandar thyroid ke samarwa.
• Gwajin T4 (ko T4 kyauta): Wannan yana auna adadin wani hormone da ake kira thyroxine (T4) a cikin jininka. Wannan shine babban hormone da glandar thyroid ke samarwa.
• Gwaje-gwajen rigakafin thyroid: Wannan gwajin zai iya gaya wa likitanka idan kana da kwayoyin hana garkuwar thyroid a cikin jininka. Idan kana da waɗannan kwayoyin hana garkuwar jiki, yana iya nufin cewa kana da matsalar garkuwar jiki, kamar cutar Graves ko cutar Hashimoto.

Shin ina buƙatar yin shiri kafin gwajin jini?

Yawanci, ba kwa buƙatar yin wani abu na musamman kafin wannan gwajin jini. Za ku iya ci da sha kamar yadda likitanku ya faɗa muku ba haka ba. Duk da haka, wani lokacin kuna buƙatar gaya wa likitanku game da duk wani magani da kuke sha, domin wasu magunguna na iya shafar sakamakon wannan gwajin.

Me ke faruwa yayin gwajin jini?

Abu ne mai sauƙi. Ma'aikaciyar jinya ko likita za ta ɗauki ƙaramin samfurin jini daga jijiyar da ke hannunka. Sannan za ta aika da wannan samfurin jinin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don a gwada ta. Da zarar an gama gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, za a aika sakamakon zuwa ga likitan da ya yi maka odar gwajin.

Bayan gwajin jini?

Likitan ku zai yi muku magana game da waɗannan sakamakon. Haka kuma za su iya yin odar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje idan suna buƙatar ƙarin bayani. Za su kuma yi muku bayani game da ma'anar sakamakon ku da abin da za ku yi a gaba.

Ta yaya gwaje-gwajen hoton thyroid ke aiki?

Gwaje-gwajen hoton thyroid na iya ba wa likitanka ƙarin bayani game da girma, siffa, da aikin glandar thyroid. Likitoci kan ba da shawarar waɗannan gwaje-gwajen hoto bayan gwajin jini. Bari mu duba menene su.

• Duban dan tayi na thyroid:Wannan yana amfani da raƙuman sauti don duba siffar, girma, da matsayin glandar thyroid. A lokacin wannan gwajin, likitanka zai sanya na'urar hannu a kan fatar wuyanka ya motsa ta. Na'urar tana aika raƙuman sauti zuwa jikinka kuma tana nazarin raƙuman da ke tashi daga glandar thyroid. Sau da yawa ana amfani da ita don nemo dunkule-dunkule a wuyanka.
• Duban Thyroid: Wannan yana amfani da fasahar duban CT (Computed Tomography) don duba girman da matsayin glandar thyroid. Sau da yawa, likita yana amfani da wani abu na musamman da ake kira kayan bambanci don taimakawa wajen ganin duk wani yanki na matsala a sarari. Wannan abu yana rage adadin X-ray da ke ratsa jikinka, yana ba da damar samun hotuna masu haske. Wannan ya ƙunshi ko dai allurar iodine mai rediyoaktif a cikin jijiyoyinka, ko kuma ba ka kwaya don haɗiye kafin gwajin. Wani lokaci ana iya yin gwajin ba tare da kayan bambanci ba, amma ba a saba gani ba.
• Gwaje-gwajen shan thyroid: Waɗannan suna duba yadda glandar thyroid ɗinka ke aiki. Awa huɗu zuwa shida kafin gwajin, za ka haɗiye ƙaramin adadin iodine mai rediyoaktif (ko dai a matsayin ruwa ko a matsayin kwaya). Lokacin da ka isa gwajin, za a zauna a kujera kuma likita zai sanya na'urar da ake kira gamma probe a gaban wuyanka. (Gamma probe na'urar hannu ce da ke auna adadin iodine da glandar thyroid ɗinka ke ɗauka daga jini.) Wannan ba shi da zafi kuma yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan kawai. Yawanci za a sake duba ka bayan sa'o'i 24. Idan glandar thyroid ɗinka tana shan iodine da yawa, za ka iya samun hyperthyroidism ko cutar Graves. Idan ka sha ɗan iodine kaɗan, za ka iya tunanin kana da hypothyroidism ko cutar Hashimoto.

Shin ina buƙatar yin shiri a gaba don gwaje-gwajen hoto?

Idan likitanka zai yi amfani da kayan kwalliya, za a iya tambayarka ka daina ci ko sha na tsawon awanni kaɗan kafin gwajin. Ko kuma, za a iya tambayarka ka guji cin abinci mai yawan iodine, kamar kelp.

Muhimmi: Umarnin da aka ba ku na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin ku. Saboda haka, likitan ku zai gaya muku daidai idan kuna buƙatar yin wani shiri na musamman. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a bi waɗannan umarnin.

Me zai faru bayan gwajin hoto?

Likitan rediyo zai aika sakamakon hotonka ga likitan da ya yi odar gwajin. Bayan ya duba hoton, likita zai yi maka magana game da su da kuma abin da za ka yi a gaba.

Idan hoton da aka ɗauka ya nuna wani abu kamar ƙura a wuyanka, likitanka zai iya yin odar allurar biopsy., wato, za a iya tambayarka ka yi gwajin 'FNA (Fine Needle Aspiration)'. Wannan zai taimaka maka ka san tabbas ko kumburin yana da ciwon daji ko a'a.

Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka kafin a sami sakamakon gwajin thyroid?

Bayan likitanka ya sake duba sakamakon gwajin thyroid ɗinka, ko dai zai kira ka ya sanar da kai ko kuma ya roƙe ka ka dawo ofis. Wannan yawanci ba ya ɗaukar fiye da kwanaki kaɗan. Duk da haka, wannan na iya bambanta kaɗan dangane da aikin da dakin gwaje-gwaje ke yi.

Waɗanne gwaje-gwajen jini ne ke nuna aikin thyroid?

Likitoci suna amfani da gwaje-gwajen jini da dama don duba aikin thyroid. Gwaje-gwaje guda biyu da aka fi sani sune matakan TSH (hormone mai motsa thyroid) da T4 ko T4 kyauta (thyroxine) .

Wani lokaci likitoci suna ba da shawarar a yi cikakken gwajin jinin thyroid.

Menene ke cikin Cikakken Tsarin Thyroid?

Cikakken kwamitin gwajin jini na thyroid yana auna matakan wadannan hormones da antibodies a cikin jinin ku:

• Hormone mai motsa jiki na thyroid (TSH)
• T3 ko T3 kyauta (triiodothyronine)
• T4 ko T4 kyauta (thyroxine)
• TPO (maganin rigakafi na thyroid peroxidase), wanda kuma ake kira microsomal antibodies.
• TG (thyroglobulin)
• TGAb (antibodies na thyroglobulin)
• TSI (immunoglobulin mai motsa thyroid)

Ko za a yi la'akari da duk waɗannan a lokaci guda ko a'a ya dogara ne da alamun cutar da kuma shawarar likitanka.

Me zai faru idan matakin TSH dina ya yi yawa?

Idan matakin TSH ɗinka ya yi yawa, yana iya nufin kana da hypothyroidism . Wannan yana nufin glandar thyroid ɗinka ba ta samar da isasshen hormones na thyroid ba.

A gefe guda kuma, idan matakin TSH ɗinka ya yi ƙasa, yana iya nuna hyperthyroidism . Wannan shine lokacin da glandar thyroid ɗinka ke samar da hormones na thyroid da yawa.

Ka tuna: Likitanka zai yi maka bayani game da ma'anar waɗannan sakamakon da kuma yadda suke shafar lafiyarka. Kada ka yi gaggawar yanke hukunci bisa ga abin da ka karanta a Intanet.

Waɗanne abubuwa ne zasu iya shafar sakamakon gwajin thyroid?

Eh, akwai wasu abubuwa da zasu iya shafar sakamakon gwajin thyroid ɗinka, don haka yana da kyau a san waɗannan kuma:

• Wasu magunguna da kari: Wasu magunguna da kuke sha (misali biotin) na iya shafar sakamakon gwajin thyroid. Don haka ku gaya wa likitan ku game da duk magunguna da bitamin da kuke sha.
• Lokacin shan maganin thyroid: Idan kana shan maganin thyroid wanda ke ɗauke da T3, gibin da ke tsakanin lokacin da ka sha maganin ƙarshe da kuma lokacin da ka bayar da jini zai iya shafar sakamakon.
• Ko za a ci abinci kafin gwajin ko a'a: Wannan yana shafar hotunan thyroid ne kawai. Yawanci ba ya shafar gwaje-gwajen jini.
• Damuwa: Damuwa mai yawa, ko kuma tasirin wata cuta ta daban, wani lokacin na iya yin tasiri kaɗan akan sakamakon.

Shin ina buƙatar yin azumi don gwajin thyroid?

Wannan kuma ya danganta da irin gwajin da kake yi. Yawancin likitoci ba sa ba da shawarar yin azumi kafin gwajin jinin thyroid. Duk da haka, don gwajin thyroid, musamman idan an yi amfani da kayan kwatantawa, ana iya tambayarka ka daina ci da sha na tsawon awanni kaɗan kafin gwajin.

Likitan ku zai sanar da ku tun da wuri ko kuna buƙatar yin azumi ko kuma yin wasu shirye-shirye.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

Ciwon thyroid mai yawan aiki ko rashin aiki sosai na iya shafar rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun da ingancin rayuwarmu. Idan kana da alamun cutar thyroid, gwajin thyroid kamar wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen gano ainihin dalilin. Daga nan zai fi sauƙi ga likitanka ya ba da shawarar mafi dacewa a gare ka.

Don haka, kada ku ji tsoron yin gwajin thyroid. Waɗannan matakai ne masu mahimmanci don taimaka muku koyo game da lafiyarku, fara magani da wuri idan ya cancanta, da kuma kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, ku tabbata kun yi magana da likitanku.

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