Bari mu koyi komai game da Pituitary Gland: ƙaramin "shugaban" jikinka!

Shin ka taɓa tunanin cewa ƙaramin gland a jikinka, kamar injin mota, yana sarrafa dukkan jikinka? Shin ba abin mamaki ba ne? Wannan ƙaramin gland, ƙarami kamar wake, wanda ke ƙarƙashin kwakwalwarmu, wanda ke yin abubuwa masu ban mamaki da yawa, ana kiransa da glandar pituitary . Bari mu yi magana game da wannan ƙaramin 'shugaba' dalla-dalla a yau, ko?

Menene glandar pituitary? Ina take?

A taƙaice dai, glandar pituitary ɗinka ƙaramin gland ne mai girman wake, wanda yake a gindin kwakwalwarka, a ƙasa da wani muhimmin sashi da ake kira hypothalamus . Yana cikin ƙaramin ɗaki mai kariya a gindin kwakwalwarka. Muna kiran wannan ɗakin da Sella Turcica . Wannan wani ɓangare ne na tsarin endocrine ɗinka. Yana yin nau'ikan hormones da yawa waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga jikinmu, kuma yana gaya wa sauran glandar endocrine su fitar da waɗannan hormones ɗin. Ƙarami ne, amma yana yin babban aiki, ko ba haka ba?

Yanzu wataƙila kuna mamakin menene gland da kuma menene hormones.

Glandar jiki wani sashe ne da ke samar da wani abu ko fiye, kamar hormones, ruwan narkewar abinci, gumi, da hawaye. Glandar endocrine tana fitar da hormones kai tsaye cikin jini.

Hormones kamar manzannin sinadarai ne da ke daidaita aikin jikinmu. Suna tafiya ta cikin jini kuma suna isar da saƙonni zuwa ga gabobin jiki, fata, tsokoki, da sauran kyallen jiki. Waɗannan saƙonnin suna gaya wa jiki abin da zai yi da kuma lokacin da zai yi.

Glandar pituitary ɗinka ta kasu kashi biyu: gaɓɓai na gaba ( gaban lobe) da kuma gaɓɓai na baya ( bayan lobe). Wannan gaɓɓai yana haɗuwa da hypothalamus ta hanyar ƙaramin jijiyar jini da jijiyoyi da ake kira pituitary stalk ko infundibulum .

Mene ne mafi mahimmancin hormones da glandar pituitary ke samarwa?

Bari mu duba muhimman hormones da ke fitowa daga wannan ƙaramin gland.

Hormones daga Anterior Lobe

Wannan ɓangaren yana samarwa da kuma fitar da muhimman hormones da yawa cikin jini.

• Hormone na Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) ko corticotrophin: Wannan yana shafar yadda jikinmu ke amsawa ga damuwa . Yana motsa glandar adrenal ɗinku don samar da "hormone na damuwa" cortisol . Cortisol yana da ayyuka da yawa. Misali, yana sarrafa metabolism , yana kula da hawan jini , yana sarrafa matakan glucose na jini , kuma yana rage kumburi .
• Hormone mai motsa follicle (FSH):Idan kai namiji ne, FSH yana ƙarfafa samar da maniyyi. Idan kai mace ce, FSH yana ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin halitta don samar da estrogen , wanda kuma yana taimaka wa ƙwai su girma. Ana kuma kiransa hormone gonadotrophic .
• Hormone na girma (GH): Wannan yana taimaka wa yara girma, ma'ana suna girma tsayi. Ga manya, yana taimakawa wajen kula da tsokoki da ƙashi masu lafiya da kuma sarrafa ajiyar kitse. GH kuma yana shafar metabolism ɗin ku (yadda kuke canza abincin da kuke ci zuwa kuzari).
• Hormone mai hana ƙwayoyin cuta (LH): Yana ƙarfafa ovulation idan kina da ovaries, kuma yana ƙarfafa samar da testosterone idan kina da ƙwai. LH kuma hormone ne na gonadotrophic saboda yana sarrafa aikin ovaries da ƙwai (wanda kuma ake kira gonads ).
• Prolactin: Wannan yana ƙarfafa shayarwa bayan haihuwa. Hakanan yana iya shafar haihuwa da aikin jima'i a cikin manya.
• Hormone mai motsa thyroid (TSH): TSH yana motsa glandar thyroid don samar da hormones na thyroid, wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa metabolism, matakan kuzari, da tsarin juyayi .

Hormones daga bayan gida

Wannan ɓangaren ba ya samar da hormones, amma ana adana hormones guda biyu da hypothalamus ke samarwa a nan kuma ana sake su cikin jini idan ana buƙata.

• Hormone na antidiuretic (ADH) ko vasopressin: Wannan hormone yana daidaita adadin ruwa da sodium a jikinka.
• Oxytocin: Hypothalamus ne ke samar da Oxytocin kuma glandar pituitary ke adanawa kuma tana sake shi. Yana taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙa naƙuda ta hanyar aika sigina zuwa mahaifa don ta yi laushi yayin naƙuda. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen haifar da raguwar madara da kuma haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin iyaye da jarirai. Oxytocin kuma yana taka rawa wajen motsa maniyyi.

Menene manyan ayyukan glandar pituitary?

Wataƙila yanzu kun fahimci muhimmancin wannan ƙaramin gland ɗin. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukansa:

• Girma
• Tsarin narkewar abinci (wato, yadda ake mayar da abincin da kake ci zuwa makamashi da kuma sarrafa wannan kuzarin)
• Kwaikwayo
• Amsawa ga damuwa ko cutarwa ta jiki
• Lactation
• Daidaiton ruwa da sodium (gishiri)
• Haihuwa da haihuwa

Ka yi tunanin thermostat ɗin da ke cikin gidanka.Kamar ɗaya ne. Na'urar dumama jiki tana kula da yanayin zafi a gidanka akai-akai kuma tana aiki don kiyaye ka cikin kwanciyar hankali, ko ba haka ba? Yana aika sigina zuwa na'urar dumama da mai sanyaya don ƙara ko rage zafin jiki da wannan adadin, don kiyaye yanayin zafi a gidanka a wani mataki.

Glandar pituitary ɗinka kamar kai ne, yana sa ido kan ayyukan jikinka. Glandar pituitary tana aika saƙonni zuwa ga gabobinka da glandar ta hanyar hormones ɗinta, tana cewa, 'Ga abin da kake buƙatar yi, a wannan lokacin.' Abubuwan da suka dace da jikinka sun dogara ne da abubuwa da yawa, kamar shekarunka da jinsi.

Mene ne alaƙar da ke tsakanin hypothalamus da glandar pituitary?

Glandar pituitary da hypothalamus suna aiki tare don samar da hadaddun Hypothalamus-Pituitary . Wannan kamar babban cibiyar kula da kwakwalwarka ne, yana sarrafa mafi mahimmancin ayyukan jikinka.

Hypothalamus shine ɓangaren kwakwalwarka wanda ke da alhakin wasu ayyukan jiki na yau da kullun. Yana aika saƙonni zuwa ga tsarin jijiyoyinka na kai tsaye , wanda ke sarrafa abubuwa kamar hawan jini, bugun zuciya, da numfashi. Hakanan yana gaya wa glandar pituitary ta samar da kuma fitar da hormones waɗanda ke shafar wasu sassan jiki.

Kamar yadda muka riga muka faɗa, glandar pituitary tana da alaƙa da hypothalamus ta hanyar ƙwayar pituitary . Ta wannan ƙwayar ne hypothalamus ke sadarwa da glandar pituitary ta gaba ta hanyar hormones da kuma glandar pituitary ta baya ta hanyar motsin jijiyoyi. Hypothalamus ma yana samar da sinadarin Oxytocin da antidiuretic. Hypothalamus ne ke da alhakin adanawa da kuma sakin waɗannan hormones zuwa glandar pituitary ta baya.

Hypothalamus yana sadarwa da kuma motsa glandar pituitary, yana samar da hormones kamar:

• Hormone mai sakin Corticotrophin (CRH)
• Dopamine
• Hormone mai sakin gonadotropin (GnRH)
• Hormone mai sakin hormone mai girma (GHRH)
• Somatostatin
• Hormone mai sakin thyrotropin (TRH)

Domin waɗannan biyun (hypothalamus da pituitary) suna aiki tare sosai, idan ɗaya ya lalace, zai iya shafar aikin hormone na ɗayan.

Shin zai yiwu a rayu ba tare da glandar pituitary ba?

Eh, za ka iya rayuwa ba tare da glandar pituitary ɗinka ba, amma don yin hakan, dole ne ka sha magani da ake kira maganin maye gurbin hormones na pituitary da suka ɓace. Domin hormones na pituitary suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye ayyuka daban-daban a jiki. Idan duk hormones na pituitary suka tafi kuma aka bar su ba tare da magani ba, zai iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.

Wadanne cututtuka ne ke shafar glandar pituitary?

Akwai cututtuka da dama da ke shafar ko kuma ke haifar da su sakamakon aikin glandar pituitary. Ana iya raba waɗannan zuwa manyan rukuni huɗu:

• Ciwon Pituitary Adenomas
• Hypopituitarism
• Ciwon hanta (hyperpituitarism)
• Ciwon Sella Babu komai

Bari mu yi magana game da kowanne daga cikin waɗannan dalla-dalla.

Ciwon Pituitary Adenomas

Wannan nau'in ciwon daji ne mai sauƙi wanda ke tasowa a cikin glandar pituitary. Ciwon adenomas na pituitary yana wakiltar kusan kashi 10% zuwa 15% na dukkan ciwon daji da ke tasowa a cikin kwakwalwa.

Waɗannan galibi suna girma sosai. Duk da haka, idan sun yi girma sosai, suna iya haifar da alamu ta hanyar danna abubuwa da ke kusa. Wani lokaci suna iya matsawa kan jijiyar gani, wanda ke haifar da matsalolin gani (kamar asarar gani na gefe). Ba kasafai ake samun manyan pituitary adenomas suna zubar da jini ba.

Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na pituitary adenomas suna samar da hormone na pituitary da yawa. Ana kiran waɗannan adenomas "Ayyuka/Sacewa" . Wasu ba sa samar da wani hormone. Waɗannan ana kiransu "Adenomas marasa aiki" .

Akwai nau'ikan adenomas masu aiki da yawa, dangane da hormone ɗin da suke samarwa. Adenomas masu aiki da aka fi sani da prolactinoma . Wannan yana samar da prolactin da yawa. Yawanci ana magance prolactinomas da magani.

Ciwon pituitary wanda yake da girma sosai kuma/ko kuma yana samar da hormones yana buƙatar magani, yawanci tiyata .

Hypopituitarism

Wannan yanayi ne da glandar pituitary ɗinka ke samar da ƙarancin sinadarin hormones ɗaya, da yawa, ko kuma dukkansu da yake samarwa.

Sau da yawa, ana ganin rashin sinadarin hormone ɗaya. Rashin sinadarin hormones guda biyu ko fiye da na pituitary ana kiransa panhypopituitarism . Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne bayan tiyatar pituitary ko bayan radiation na kwakwalwa .

Babban dalilin hypopituitarism shine lalacewar glandar pituitary ko hypothalamus.

Akwai cututtuka da dama da suka shafi wannan yanayin:

• Rashin sinadarin hormone na girma: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ba ta samar da isasshen sinadarin hormone na girma (GH) ba. A cikin yara, girma da ci gaba suna raguwa, kuma balaga tana jinkiri. A cikin manya, matsalolin metabolism suna faruwa.
• Ciwon sukari na tsakiya:Wannan yana faruwa ne idan glandar pituitary ba ta samar da isasshen sinadarin antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ba. Wannan yana sa jiki ya fitar da fitsari da yawa kuma ya kasa riƙe ruwa.
• Babban hypogonadism: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ba ta samar da isasshen hormone na luteinizing (LH) da kuma hormone mai motsa follicle (FSH). Wannan yana haifar da matsaloli ga aikin jima'i, ci gaba, da haihuwa.
• Rashin isasshen sinadarin adrenal a tsakiya: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ba ta samar da isasshen sinadarin ACTH ba. Wannan yana sa jiki ya kasa samar da sinadarin cortisol.
• Tsaka-tsakin sinadarin thyroid: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ba ta samar da isasshen sinadarin hormone mai motsa thyroid (TSH) ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin sinadarin hormone na thyroid.

Ana magance matsalar hypopituitarism ta hanyar ba wa ƙarancin hormones a waje da kuma sa ido kan waɗannan matakan ta hanyar gwajin jini.

Ciwon hanta (hyperpituitarism)

Wannan yanayi ne da glandar pituitary ke samar da hormones da yawa ko fiye. Wannan kuma galibi yana faruwa ne sakamakon aikin pituitary adenoma (ciwon da ba shi da cutar kansa).

Akwai cututtuka da dama da suka shafi wannan yanayin:

• Acromegaly: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ke samar da hormone girma da yawa (GH) a lokacin girma. Wannan yana haifar da faɗaɗa wasu sassan jiki, kamar hannaye, ƙafafu, da/ko gabobin ciki, da kuma matsalolin metabolism.
• Gigantism: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ke samar da hormone girma da yawa (GH) a lokacin ƙuruciya ko samartaka. Wannan yana haifar da girma cikin sauri da tsayi mai yawa.
• Cutar Cushing: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ke samar da ACTH da yawa (wanda ke sa glandar adrenal ta samar da cortisol da yawa). Wannan na iya haifar da ƙaruwar nauyi kwatsam a wasu sassan jiki, yawan sukari a jini, har ma yana iya haifar da ciwon suga na nau'in 2 .
• Hyperprolactinemia: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ke samar da prolactin da yawa. Wannan na iya haifar da raguwar haihuwa da kuma fitar da madara daga kan nono (galactorrhea) .

Ciwon Komai na Sella

Ciwon Sella (ESS) wani yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar pituitary ta yi laushi ko ta yi rauni saboda matsala da tsarin ƙashi da ke kewaye da shi kuma yake kare shi, wanda ake kira Sella Turcica . Sella Turcica ɗaki ne mai siffar sirdi. Ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin ta "kujerar Turkiyya."

Kwayar halitta mara komai ana iya gano ta ta hanyar na'urar daukar hoton rediyo.A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan ba ya zama ainihin yanayin lafiya, kuma ana gano shi ba zato ba tsammani yayin daukar hoto.

A wasu lokuta, ESS na iya haifar da alamu kamar rashin daidaiton hormonal, ciwon kai akai-akai, da canje-canjen gani. Duk da haka, idan matakan hormones na pituitary suna cikin matsakaicin da aka saba, ba abin damuwa bane.

Wadanne alamomi ne ke faruwa idan akwai matsala da glandar pituitary?

Manyan ciwon pituitary adenomas (waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen ba na ciwon daji ba ne) na iya turawa ko lalata kyallen da ke kusa. Wannan na iya haifar da alamu kamar:

• Matsalolin gani (kamar asarar gani na gefe)
• Ciwon kai
• Rashin daidaituwar hormonal wanda ke faruwa sakamakon ƙaruwa ko raguwar hormones na pituitary

Rashin daidaiton sinadarin hormones na pituitary na iya haifar da alamomi iri-iri, ya danganta da sinadarin hormone da abin ya shafa. Wasu misalai sun haɗa da:

• Sannu a hankali girma ko wuce gona da iri a cikin yara
• Rage haihuwa ga mata da maza (Rashin haihuwa)
• Da'irar haila mara tsari
• Ƙara nauyi ko asara ba tare da wani dalili ba
• Damuwa da/ko Damuwa

Idan kana da wasu sabbin alamu masu ci gaba, tabbas yana da mahimmanci ka yi magana da likitanka. Suna iya yin abubuwa kamar gwaje-gwajen jini masu sauƙi don tantance ko alamun sun faru ne sakamakon matsalar hormones ko wani abu daban.

Wa ya kamata mu gaya wa game da matsala irin wannan?

Yawancin lokaci likitocin endocrinologists suna magance matsalolin glandar pituitary.

Likitan cututtukan zuciya (endocrinologist) likita ne wanda ya ƙware a cututtukan da suka shafi hormones. Zai iya gano cututtukan endocrine (hormonal), ya tsara tsare-tsaren magani da kulawa, sannan ya rubuta magunguna.

Idan kana da matsalar glandar pituitary, kamar pituitary adenoma, wanda ke shafar tsarin kwakwalwa da/ko kuma yana buƙatar tiyata, za ka iya buƙatar ganin likitan tiyata .

Ta yaya likitoci ke gano matsalolin glandar pituitary?

Saboda glandar pituitary ɗinka tana fitar da hormones kai tsaye zuwa cikin jininka, likitoci kan auna matakan hormones na pituitary ta hanyar gwajin jini .

Idan matakan hormones ɗinku ba su da tsari, likitanku zai iya yin odar gwaje-gwajen hoto, kamar CT scan ko MRI scan, don ganin ko akwai matsala da glandar pituitary. Yawanci, ana yin MRI na musamman na pituitary don ganin glandar pituitary da kuma tushenta a sarari.

Ta yaya muke kiyaye lafiyar glandar pituitary ɗinmu?

Hanya mafi kyau don kiyaye lafiyar glandar pituitary ɗinka ita ce kare kanka. Raunin kai da raunin kwakwalwa (TBIs)Zai iya lalata glandar pituitary ɗinka, wanda hakan zai sa ya samar da hormones da yawa ko kuma ya yi ƙasa da haka.

Ga wasu abubuwan da za ku iya yi don hana raunin kai da kwakwalwa:

• Sanya bel ɗin kujera a duk lokacin da kake cikin abin hawa.
• Tuki lafiya.
• Sanya kwalkwali yayin hawa keke, babur, ko kuma yin wasanni da suka shafi taɓawa.
• Ɗauki matakai don hana faɗuwa, musamman idan kana cikin haɗarin faɗuwa. Wannan ya haɗa da motsa jiki waɗanda ke ƙara ƙarfi da daidaito, cire cikas da abubuwa masu zamewa a gidanka, amfani da na'urar taimaka wa mutane tafiya, da kuma duba ganinka.
• Idan kana da ƙananan yara, ka sanya wuraren da suke zama lafiya kuma ka yi wasa da su.

Yaushe ya kamata ka ga likita game da glandar pituitary?

Idan kana da alamun cutar pituitary adenoma da/ko kuma alamun rashin daidaiton hormonal, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka yi magana da likitanka. Za su iya yin wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin ko akwai wata matsala a cikin glandar pituitary ɗinka.

Idan kwanan nan ka sami mummunan rauni a kwakwalwa (Rauni na Kwakwalwa Mai Rauni - TBI) , likitanka zai iya sa ido kan aikin glandar pituitary don ganin ko tana aiki yadda ya kamata da kuma ko raunin ya lalace.

A taƙaice, ga abubuwan da ya kamata mu tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida):

Glandar pituitary ɗinka ƙarami ne amma mai ƙarfi wanda ke sarrafa ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa a cikin jikinka gaba ɗaya! Yana kama da ƙaramin 'shugaba'.

Yana samar da hormones waɗanda ke sarrafa abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da girmanka, narkewar abinci, haihuwa, da kuma yadda kake magance damuwa. Don haka, kiyaye wannan ƙaramin gland yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.

• Kula da kanka: sanya kwalkwali, ka kasance lafiya.
• Ka kula da alamun da ba a saba gani ba: Ka gaya wa likita idan kana da ciwon kai mai ɗorewa, matsalolin gani, canjin nauyi kwatsam, ko kuma gajiya mai tsanani.
• Kada ku damu: yawancin matsalolin glandar pituitary suna da kyakkyawan magani. Idan aka gano su da wuri, za a iya magance su da kyau.

Yanzu ka san abubuwa da yawa game da wannan ƙaramin ɓangaren jikinka mai ban mamaki. Idan kana da wasu tambayoyi ko damuwa, kada ka yi jinkirin yin magana da likita. Ka kasance cikin koshin lafiya!

' Glandan na Pituitary, hormones, kwakwalwa, tsarin endocrine, cututtukan pituitary, hypothalamus, hormone girma