Bari mu koyi game da alamun enzyme a cikin jinin ku.

Idan likita ya gaya maka ka duba "Alamomin Enzyme" ɗinka, wataƙila kana da wasu tambayoyi a zuciyarka, ko ba haka ba? "Menene waɗannan enzymes ɗin?", "Me yasa ake duba su?" Tambayoyi kamar haka. Kada ka damu, abu ne mai sauƙi. Bari mu ƙara koyo game da wannan a yau, kamar yin magana da aboki.

To menene waɗannan alamun enzyme?

A taƙaice dai, Alamun Enzyme gwajin jini ne da ke auna matakan wasu enzymes a cikin jininka. Waɗannan enzymes galibi ana samun su a cikin ƙwayoyin jikinmu. Duk da haka, idan wani sashe a jikinmu, kamar hanta, zuciya, ko tsokoki, ya lalace, ya kamu da cuta, ko ya ji rauni, wasu daga cikin waɗannan enzymes suna zubewa daga waɗannan ƙwayoyin da suka lalace zuwa cikin jini. Kamar ruwa ne ke zubewa daga kwalbar da ta fashe.

Bayan haka, da wannan gwajin jini, likita zai iya gani ko matakin wannan enzyme a cikin jininka ya fi ko ƙasa da na al'ada. Likitoci wani lokacin suna kiran waɗannan "alamomin halittu." Wato, wata alama ce ta halitta ta wata cuta. Wannan zai iya ba wa likita wata alama ko akwai wani abu da ba daidai ba a cikin jikinka.

To, menene waɗannan "enzymes"?

Mun yi magana ne kawai game da "alamomin enzyme." To menene waɗannan "enzymes"? Ka yi tunanin enzymes a matsayin sunadarai waɗanda suke kama da ƙananan ma'aikata a jikinmu. Suna taimakawa tare da wasu hanyoyin sinadarai a jikinmu, kuma suna hanzarta metabolism ɗinmu. Kamar wanda ke taimaka mana mu narke abinci da sauri.

Akwai dubban enzymes daban-daban a jikinmu, kowannensu yana yin takamaiman aiki. Ga wasu misalai:

• A cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini: Yana taimakawa wajen daidaita jini.
• Tsarin narkewar abinci: Yana taimakawa wajen narkar da abincin da muke ci.
• Tsarin tsoka: Tsokoki suna taimakawa wajen aiki da motsi.
• Tsarin jijiyoyi: Yana taimakawa aikin kwakwalwa, kashin baya, da jijiyoyi.
• Tsarin Numfashi: Yana taimakawa wajen aikin numfashi.
• Tsarin fitsari: Yana taimakawa wajen cire sharar jiki.

Ka gani, enzymes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a jikinmu!

Wanene ke buƙatar wannan gwajin alamar enzyme?

Akwai dalilai da dama da yasa likita zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin. Manyan su ne:

• Dubawa: Wani lokaci, idan ka je yin gwajin jiki na yau da kullun, ana iya yin wannan gwajin don duba duk wata matsala ta ciki, lalacewar gabobi, ko gajiyar tsoka, koda kuwa ba ka da wata alama.
• Don gano cutar (Ganewar asali):Idan kana da wasu alamu, wannan gwajin zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko sanadin wata cuta ce ta musamman ko kuma matsalar zuciya.
• Kula da nasarar magani: Idan kana shan magani don wata cuta, ana kuma yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen enzyme don ganin ko maganin yana aiki yadda ya kamata ko kuma yana haifar da lahani ga wata gabobi.

Waɗanne nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen alamar enzyme ne akwai?

Likitoci suna amfani da gwaje-gwajen alamun enzyme daban-daban don gano cututtuka daban-daban da kuma matsayinsu. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan nau'ikan:

• Gwajin enzyme na zuciya: Wannan yana duba lalacewar tsokar zuciya.
• Gwajin isoenzymes na Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK): Wannan yana gwada enzymes kamar `(CK-MB)` da `(CK-MM)`. Wannan kuma yana iya gano lalacewar tsokoki, musamman zuciya da sauran tsokoki.
• Gwajin enzyme na hanta: Wannan gwajin yana auna enzymes kamar `(ALT)`, `(AST)`, `(Alkaline phosphatase)`, `(GGT)`, da `(5'-NT)` don samun fahimtar yanayin hanta.

Bari mu duba kowanne daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan dalla-dalla.

Menene Gwajin Enzyme na Zuciya?

Ana yin hakan sau da yawa idan ana zargin bugun zuciya, ko kuma don duba ko tsokar zuciya ta lalace sakamakon wata matsalar zuciya. Haka kuma ana yin hakan ne don duba yadda zuciya ke aiki bayan wasu tiyatar zuciya, kamar su tiyatar jijiyoyin zuciya ta hanyar amfani da jijiyoyin zuciya (CABG) ko kuma angioplasty.

Idan wani abu ya lalace a zuciya, zuciya tana fitar da furotin da ake kira troponin (cTn) da kuma wani enzyme da ake kira creatine phosphokinase (CPK) cikin jini. A da, matakin creatine phosphokinase (CPK) shine babban gwajin da ake amfani da shi don gano bugun zuciya. Amma yanzu, idan kuna zargin kuna da bugun zuciya, likitoci kan yi gwajin troponin don tabbatar da ganewar cutar. Wannan saboda enzyme na troponin ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin zuciya. Shi ya sa yake da takamaiman bayani.

Matakan Troponin a cikin jini na iya fara ƙaruwa cikin awanni 12 bayan bugun zuciya. Matakan CPK masu yawa na iya nuna wata cuta da ake kira cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, wanda shine toshewar jijiyoyin da ke samar da jini ga zuciya.

Yawanci, matakan troponin a cikin jini suna da ƙasa sosai - kimanin nanograms 0.02 a kowace millilita (0.02 ng/mL). Ƙara yawan wannan enzyme na zuciya a cikin jini yana nufin cewa bugun zuciya yana yiwuwa. Mafi girman ƙimar, ƙarin lalacewa ta faru ga zuciya.

Saboda matakan enzyme suna canzawa yayin bugun zuciya, likitanka na iya yin odar gwaje-gwaje da yawa don auna matakan CPK da troponin bayan 'yan awanni.

Likitanka zai iya yin odar gwajin enzyme na zuciya idan kana da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun:

• Ciwon ƙirji
• Jin jiri
• Tashin zuciya
• Gudawa mai yawa (Ciwon gumi mai yawa / Hyperhidrosis)
• Tashin numfashi / Jin zafi

Menene Gwajin Isoenzymes na CPK?

Wannan gwajin yana neman matakan da suka fi girma na `(CPK)`. Wannan yana nuna cewa lalacewar nama ta faru. Lokacin da tsokoki (gami da tsokar zuciya), kwakwalwa, da huhu suka lalace ta hanyar cuta ko rauni, waɗannan isoenzymes `(CPK)` ana sakin su cikin jini. Isoenzymes nau'ikan enzymes ne waɗanda suka keɓance ga wasu gabobi ko kyallen takarda.

Misali:

• Kalmar da ke da alaƙa da zuciya ita ce `CK-MB` .
• Takamaiman `(CK)` ga tsokoki na kwarangwal (kamar tsokoki na hannuwa) shine `CK-MM` .
• Kawai faɗin `(CK)` shine jimlar `(CK)` da ke fitowa daga duk waɗannan wurare.

Dangane da alamominka, ganewar asali, ko abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari, likitanka zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin isoenzyme (CPK) don duba yanayin kamar:

• Ciwon zuciya
• bugun jini
• Ciwon kwakwalwa
• Muscular dystrophy (cutar da ke raunana tsokoki)
• Dermatomyositis (cutar fata da tsokoki)
• Ciwon tsoka (myositis) (cutar da ke haifar da rauni a tsoka)
• Polymyositis (cutar tsoka)
• Ciwon kai mai tsanani (yanayin da mutum ke fama da zazzabi mai tsanani sakamakon maganin sa barci yayin tiyata)

Menene Gwajin Enzyme na Hanta?

Idan hanta ta lalace sakamakon wata cuta ko rauni, hanta tana fitar da enzymes daban-daban cikin jini. Biyu daga cikin shahararrun waɗannan enzymes sune alanine aminotransferase (ALT) da aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Ana samar da enzyme ALT galibi a cikin hanta. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ana samar da shi a cikin hanta, zuciya, koda, kwakwalwa, da tsokoki.

Gwajin enzyme na hanta yana neman matakan da suka yi yawa na waɗannan enzymes. Idan sun yi yawa, yana iya zama saboda wata cuta kamar:

• Toshewar bututun bile
• Cutar Celiac (rashin lafiyar gluten)
• Ciwon hanta (cirrhosis)
• Ciwon hanta mai kitse ko cutar hanta da ke da alaƙa da barasa
• Hawan ƙarfe a cikin jini (hemochromatosis)
• Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B da Hepatitis C
• Ciwon daji na hanta
• Mononucleosis (cutar da ke haifar da kumburin glandar)
• Ciwon Wilson (wuce gona da iri na jan ƙarfe a cikin ƙashi)

Ka tuna, yawan matakan enzyme kaɗai ba lallai bane yana nufin kana da cuta. Likitanka zai kwatanta waɗannan da alamun cutar da sauran sakamakon gwaji don cimma matsaya.

Ta yaya zan shirya don gwajin alamar enzyme?

Idan za a yi maka gwajin jini, kiyaye waɗannan abubuwa kaɗan a zuciya zai iya sauƙaƙa maka aikin:

• Sha ruwa mai yawa: A sha ruwa mai yawa kafin a bayar da jini. Wannan zai taimaka wa jinin ya ratsa ta jijiyoyin jini sosai, wanda hakan zai sauƙaƙa tara jini.
• A guji shan taba (nicotine): Idan kana shan taba (har da shan sigari), ka guji shan taba kafin ka bayar da jini. Nicotine yana sa jijiyoyin jini su matse, wanda hakan ke sa ya yi wuya a samu jini daga jijiyar da ta matse.
• Faɗa mana idan kana jin tsoro: Idan kana jin tsoron allurai (Trypanophobia) ko kuma tsoron ganin jini (Hemophobia), ka gaya wa likitanka ko wanda ke ɗaukar jininka tun da wuri. Za su iya taimaka maka ka sa tsarin ɗaukar jini ya fi daɗi.

Shin ina buƙatar yin azumi kafin gwajin alamar enzyme?

Likitanka zai gaya maka ko kana buƙatar yin azumi (banda ruwa). A mafi yawan lokuta, ba sai ka yi ba. Musamman tunda ana yin gwajin enzyme na zuciya a lokacin gaggawa, kamar bugun zuciya, ba za a yi tsammanin za ka yi azumi a wannan lokacin ba.

Me zai faru idan an yi gwajin alamar enzyme?

Wannan gwajin jini ne mai sauƙi kawai. Dangane da yanayinka, ana iya yin wannan gwajin a ofishin likita, dakin gwaje-gwajen jini, ko asibiti. Likitan phlebotomist (mutumin da aka horar musamman don ɗaukar jini) ko wani ƙwararren ma'aikacin lafiya zai ɗauki jininka. Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan kawai.

Me ya kamata in yi tsammani bayan gwajin alamar enzyme?

Ya fi kyau a ajiye filastar a wurin da aka zubar da jinin na tsawon awanni biyu zuwa huɗu domin rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Yankin da aka saka allurar na iya kumbura kaɗan kuma ya yi rauni. Wannan zai ɓace cikin 'yan kwanaki.

Za ka iya rage kumburi ko rashin jin daɗi ta hanyar yin waɗannan abubuwa:

• Naɗa wani fakitin kankara a cikin wani zane sannan a sanya shi a saman simintin.
• A sha maganin rage radadi wanda ba a rubuta masa magani ba.
• Kada a ɗaga nauyi ko kuma a yi motsa jiki mai ƙarfi na tsawon awanni 24 bayan bayar da jini.

Mene ne haɗarin gwajin alamar enzyme?

Gwajin jini hanyoyi ne masu ƙarancin haɗari. Wasu mutane na iya fuskantar ƙarancin hawan jini (hypotension) idan aka ɗauki jini. Wannan na iya sa ka ji jiri ko tashin zuciya. Idan ka ji rashin lafiya ko suma, ka gaya wa likitanka ko wanda ke shan jinin nan da nan. Za su iya taimaka maka ta hanyar sa ka kwanta ko yin wasu abubuwa.

Yaushe zan karɓi sakamakon gwajin?

A cikin gaggawa, misali idan ana zargin bugun zuciya, sakamakon yana samuwa da sauri. In ba haka ba, yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa kafin likita ya karɓi sakamakon daga dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Likitan ku zai tattauna sakamakon da ku. Kuna iya buƙatar yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don gano wata matsala ta musamman ko kuma don tabbatar da cewa babu matsala. Dangane da yanayin matsalar, kuna iya yin gwaje-gwajen alamun enzyme da yawa a cikin awanni ko kwanaki.

Me ya kamata in tambayi likitana?

Za ka iya yi wa likita tambayoyi kamar haka:

• Me yasa nake buƙatar yin wannan gwajin alamar enzyme?
• Shin ina buƙatar yin azumi, daina shan taba, ko kuma daina shan magunguna kafin gwajin?
• Yaushe zan karɓi sakamakon gwajin?
• Ya kamata in damu da sakamakon gwajin?
• Zan yi ƙarin gwaje-gwaje?
• Sau nawa zan buƙaci a yi min wannan gwajin alamar enzyme?

A ƙarshe, abin da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Gwajin alamar enzyme gwaji ne da ke ba da muhimman bayanai game da aikin gabobinmu, yanayin cututtuka, da kuma magani. Idan kuna da wasu alamu, likita zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin don gano wata cuta ko kuma don tabbatar da cewa babu irin wannan cutar.

Gwajin enzyme na zuciya yana tantance lalacewar da zuciya ta yi bayan bugun zuciya. Gwajin phosphokinase (CPK) yana neman cututtukan da suka shafi tsoka. Gwajin enzyme na hanta yana tantance aikin hanta. Tambayi likitanka duk wata tambaya ko damuwa da za ka iya yi game da wannan gwajin ko sakamakonsa. Kada ka damu, likitanka yana nan don taimaka maka.

` Enzymes, gwaje-gwajen enzyme, gwaje-gwajen jini, cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan hanta, cututtukan tsoka, ganewar asali