Masu Kare Jiki: Bari mu koyi game da Magungunan Kare Jiki ta hanya mai sauƙi!

Shin ka taɓa tunanin ƙananan masu gadi a cikin jikinmu? Kamar ƙaramin rundunarmu ce. Idan muka yi rashin lafiya ko wani abu kamar guba ya shiga jikinmu, waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke fitowa gaba su yi yaƙi don cetonmu. Waɗannan ƙananan jarumai su ne abin da muke kira antibodies , ko "Antibodies" a Turanci. Wani suna na wannan shine "Immunoglobulin".

Menene antigens da antibodies? Ta yaya suke fara yaƙin?

A taƙaice dai, " Antigen" duk wani abu ne da ke cutar da jikinmu, wanda ke fitowa daga waje. Ka yi tunanin ɓarawo ya shiga gidanka. Wannan ɓarawon shine "Antigen". Waɗannan ɓarayin na iya zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

• Bacteria
• ƙwayoyin cuta
• Fungi
• Masu alerji
• Dafi daga dabbobi
• Wasu guba daban-daban

Yanzu, lokacin da wannan mai mamaye jiki (Antigen) ya shiga jiki, garkuwar jikinmu ta gane shi nan take. Tsarinmu ya fahimci, "Oh... ga wani da ba mu sani ba ya zo, kuma wannan mutumin ba ɗaya daga cikinmu ba ne." A lokacin ne sojojinmu, " Antibody" suka kira. Magungunan rigakafi sunadarai ne na musamman da garkuwar jikinmu ke samarwa. Waɗannan suna zuwa su kama wannan "Antigen" ɗin, su lalata shi, su taimaka masa ya fita daga jiki. Kamar kama wannan ɓarawo ne su miƙa shi ga 'yan sanda.

Ina ake samar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi? Ina suke a jiki?

Ana yin rigakafi ta hanyar wani nau'in ƙwayar jinin farin jini na musamman a jikinmu. Ana kiransu ƙwayoyin B. Idan "antigen" ya zo ya buga ƙwayar B, wannan ƙwayar B ɗin tana rabuwa kuma tana yin ƙarin ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa. Kamar "kwafi ne". Muna kiran waɗannan sabbin ƙwayoyin "ƙwayoyin plasma ". Daga waɗannan ƙwayoyin plasma ne ake samar da miliyoyin ƙwayoyin rigakafi kuma ana sakin su cikin jininmu da tsarin lymph.

Kwayoyin rigakafi da ake samarwa ta wannan hanyar ba wai kawai suna nan a wuri ɗaya a jikinmu ba.

• A cikin fatarmu
• A cikin huhu
• Cikin hawaye
• A cikin yau
• Idan uwa ta shayar da jaririnta nono, musamman a farkon lokacin, madarar da ke da kauri, da ake kira colostrum , tana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da yawa. Shi ya sa shayarwa ke ƙara wa jaririn ƙarfin juriya ga cututtuka . Wannan yana nufin jaririn yana samun kariya daga uwa.

Mene ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal da muka ji labarinsu?

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da likitoci ke magana a kai a kwanakin nan shine ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal . Waɗannan ba ƙwayoyin rigakafi ba ne da ke faruwa ta halitta a jikinmu. Su nau'in ƙwayoyin rigakafi ne da ake yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. An tsara su ne don yin abin da ƙwayoyin rigakafi namu ke yi. An tsara su ne don kai hari ga wani takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi kawai. Wannan hanyar maganiAna kuma kiranta da "Immunotherapy".

Waɗanne cututtuka ne za a iya magance su da ƙwayoyin cuta na monoclonal?

Ana amfani da wannan nau'in maganin rigakafi da aka samar ta hanyar wucin gadi mai suna `(Monoclonal Antibodies)` don magance cututtuka iri-iri. Domin kowanne `(Monoclonal Antibody)` an yi shi ne don ya kai hari ga takamaiman `(Antigen)`. Ga wasu misalai kaɗan:

• Nau'ikan Ciwon daji
• Cututtukan haɗin gwiwa kamar rheumatoid arthritis
• Wasu cututtukan zuciya
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Ciwon ciki ( ulcerative colitis )
• Lupus
• Cutar Crohn
• Psoriasis, cutar fata
• Dakatar da ƙin dashen gabobi

Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin rigakafi? Menene su?

Eh, ƙwayoyin rigakafi ba iri ɗaya ba ne. An raba su zuwa manyan nau'i 5 bisa ga wurin da suke da kuma aikinsu. Kowane nau'i an sanya masa suna ne bayan harafin Turanci. An taƙaita kalmar 'Immunoglobulin' kuma an ƙara 'Ig' a gaban wannan harafin.

1. IgG: Wannan shine nau'in rigakafi mafi yawa a cikin jininmu da sauran ruwan jikinmu. Waɗannan su ne ke kare mu daga cututtuka kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Mafi mahimmanci, waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi na 'IgG' za su iya ratsa mahaifar uwa kuma su ba da kariya ga jaririn da ke cikin mahaifa.

2. IgA: Ana samun waɗannan galibi a cikin rufin tsarin numfashinmu (hanci, makogwaro, huhu) da kuma tsarin narkewar abinci (hanji). Haka kuma ana samun su a cikin yawu, hawaye, da kuma nonon uwa. Suna taimakawa wajen hana ƙwayoyin cuta shiga jiki kafin su iya shiga jiki.

3. IgM: Idan kamuwa da cuta ya shiga jiki, waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi na "IgM" su ne na farko da za su yi yaƙi . Ana samun su a cikin jini da ruwan lymph.

4. IgE: Wannan nau'in rigakafi yana da hannu a cikin rashin lafiyan jiki . Matakan IgE suna ƙaruwa lokacin da jiki ke amsawa ga abubuwa kamar pollen da ƙura. Suna kuma yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta.

5. IgD: Har yanzu ana koyo da yawa game da waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi, amma a halin yanzu ana kyautata zaton suna taimakawa wajen kunna ƙwayoyin B. Ana samun su kaɗan a cikin jini.

Menene ainihin waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suka ƙunsa? Yaya suke kama?

Kwayoyin rigakafi nau'in furotin ne. Kowace kwayar rigakafi ta ƙunshi polypeptides guda huɗu. Polypeptides sarƙoƙi ne na amino acid guda biyu ko fiye. Biyu daga cikin waɗannan sarƙoƙi ana kiransu "sarƙoƙi masu nauyi" sauran biyun kuma ana kiransu "sarƙoƙi masu sauƙi."

Waɗannan sarƙoƙi huɗu sun haɗu don samar da siffar harafin Turanci 'Y'.Haka ake yin antibody. Ka yi tunanin cewa ƙarshen rassan sama na harafin 'Y' sun bambanta, kuma jerin amino acid a waɗannan wurare ya bambanta ga kowane nau'in antibody. Wannan bambancin shine dalilin da ya sa kowane antibody zai iya gane takamaiman `(Antigen)` kawai kuma ya kai masa hari. Kamar yadda kowane maɓalli ya dace da kowane maɓalli.

Bari mu yi ɗan bayani game da magungunan rigakafi na COVID, ko ba haka ba?

Eh, magungunan rigakafi na COVID wani abu ne da kowa ke magana a kai a kwanakin nan. Ana iya samun magungunan rigakafi masu kare kwayar cutar da ke haifar da COVID-19 a cikin jinin mutanen da suka warke daga cutar, ko kuma a cikin jinin mutanen da suka sami allurar rigakafin COVID-19. Ko da kun taɓa samun COVID a baya, samun allurar rigakafin zai ƙara yawan amsawar ƙwayoyin cuta na jikin ku kuma ya ƙara muku ƙarfin kare kanku daga cutar.

Ta yaya zan san ko ina da kwayoyin hana garkuwar jiki na Covid?

Za ka iya gano ko kana da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na COVID ta hanyar yin gwajin rigakafi . Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna samuwa a dakunan gwaje-gwaje, wasu shagunan magani, kuma likitanka zai iya gaya maka game da su.

Har yaushe ne ƙwayoyin rigakafi na Covid ke dawwama a jiki?

Har yanzu ana ci gaba da bincike, amma bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen da suka warke daga COVID-19 suna da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke ɗaukar akalla watanni biyar zuwa shida . Wani bincike ya gano cewa mutanen da suka warke daga COVID suna da "ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar B" waɗanda za su iya dawwama tsawon shekaru, kuma waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar za su iya kai hari ga ƙwayar cutar cikin sauri idan ta dawo.

Wadanne nau'ikan antibodies ne waɗannan thyroglobulin?

Ana samun ƙwayoyin rigakafi na Thyroglobulin a cikin mutanen da ke da matsalolin thyroid, kamar waɗanda ke da hyperthyroidism (yawan hormone na thyroid) ko hypothyroidism (ƙarancin hormone na thyroid). Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna kai hari ga wani furotin da ake kira thyroglobulin (wanda shine abin da ke haifar da hormone na thyroid). Wannan na iya lalata glandar thyroid.

Menene Gwajin Antithyroglobulin na Antibody?

Idan likitanka yana zargin akwai matsala da glandar thyroid, zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin anti-thyroglobulin antibody . Ana kuma amfani da wannan gwajin don lura da ci gaban cutar kansar thyroid bayan magani.

Me zai faru idan na gwada tabbatacce?

Idan wannan gwajin ya gano cewa kana da kwayoyin hana garkuwar jiki na thyroglobulin a cikin jininka, to hakan yana nufin kana iya samun matsalar thyroid. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yanayi sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon thyroid
• Ciwon thyroid
• Cutar Hashimoto
• Cutar kabari
• Ciwon thyroid mai tsanani
• Lupus
• Ciwon suga na nau'in 1

To menene waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta?

Ana kuma kiran waɗannan antibodies antibody (ANAs). Autoantibodies wani nau'in antibody ne wanda ke kai hari ga furotin na yau da kullun a cikin ƙwayoyin lafiya a cikin jikinmu. Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar kare kanmu yana kai hari ga namu. Waɗannan autoantibodies suna kuskuren ɗaukar furotin masu lafiya a cikin jiki a matsayin masu haɗari da ba dole ba. Sakamakon haka, jikinmu yana fara kai hari ga kansu. Yawancin mutane suna da ƙananan adadin waɗannan autoantibodies. Duk da haka, idan suna da yawa, yawanci yana nuna cutar autoantibodies .

Ta yaya ake gwada ƙwayoyin rigakafi na antinuclear (ANAs)?

Babban gwajin jini da ake amfani da shi don duba waɗannan 'ANAs' shine ' gwajin rigakafi mai hana ƙwayoyin cuta mai haske '. A cikin wannan gwajin, likitoci suna duba ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu lakabin fluorescent a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa kuma suna tantance ƙarfi da tsarin hasken. Sau da yawa ana amfani da wannan gwajin don tabbatar da kasancewar cututtuka kamar lupus.

Menene ma'anar gwajin ANA mai kyau?

Sakamakon "positive" daga gwajin ANA ba lallai bane yana nufin cewa kana da cutar da ke shafar garkuwar jiki ba, a'a, likitanka yana iya son yin bincike sosai. Idan ka sami sakamakon "positive", likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar ƙarin gwaji.

Mafi mahimmanci, ƙwayoyin rigakafi sune yadda tsarin garkuwar jikinmu ke kare mu daga kamuwa da cututtuka, allergens, da gubobi. Jikinmu yana yin waɗannan sunadaran ta hanyar halitta. Wani lokaci, ana amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal da aka yi a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje don magance wasu matsalolin lafiya, kamar ciwon daji, cututtukan zuciya, da cututtukan arthritis.

Muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata ku tuna (Saƙon Kai-Gida)

To, bari mu taƙaita wasu daga cikin abubuwan da muka tattauna a kansu waɗanda ya kamata ku tuna:

• Kwayoyin rigakafi sune garkuwar jikinmu. Suna taimakawa wajen kare mu ta hanyar yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da guba na ƙasashen waje (antigens).
• Ana yin waɗannan ta hanyar ƙwayoyin jini na musamman da ake kira ƙwayoyin B.
• Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin rigakafi da dama (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD), kowannensu yana da takamaiman aiki.
• Kwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal wani nau'in rigakafi ne na musamman da aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ana amfani da su don magance cututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da ciwon daji.
• Muna samun magungunan rigakafi na COVID daga rashin lafiya da kuma allurar rigakafi.
• Wani lokaci ƙwayoyin rigakafi namu na iya yin aiki akan jikinmu. Waɗannan ana kiransu da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na autoantibodies . Waɗannan na iya haifar da cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtukan garkuwar jiki.

Don haka, za ku iya ganin yadda waɗannan ƙananan jarumai da ake kira antibodies suke da muhimmanci ga jikinmu. Su ne abin da ke kare mu daga cututtuka da yawa. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan, kada ku yi jinkirin tambayar likitanku.

` Antibodies, Antibodies, Immunoglobulin, Antigen, Tsarin garkuwar jiki, Kwayoyin B, Monoclonal Antibodies, COVID Antibodies, Thyroglobulin Antibodies, Autoantibodies, gwajin ANA