Mene ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin T na Taimako? A takaice dai...
Don haka, ƙwayoyin T na Taimako sune manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Ka yi tunanin cewa kamar rundunar da ke kare ƙasarmu, muna da babban tsari a cikin jikinmu don kare mu daga cututtuka, wanda shine abin da muke kira tsarin garkuwar jiki . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin T sune sojoji na musamman a cikin wannan tsarin. A halin yanzu, ƙwayoyin T na Taimako ƙungiya ce da ke yin wani aiki na musamman. Babban aikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin shine gane kamuwa da cuta, wato, ƙwayar cuta da ke haifar da cuta, lokacin da ta shiga jikinmu, sannan kuma ta haɗu da sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ƙarfafa su su yaƙi wannan kamuwa da cuta (ta kunna su) . Kamar kwamandan lokacin da yaƙi ya fara. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin T na Taimako suna samuwa, wato, suna girma, a cikin ƙaramin gland da ake kira thymus a saman ƙirjinmu. Wannan kamar makaranta ce da ke ba da horo na musamman ga waɗannan ƙwayoyin. A cikin thymus ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin ke girma kuma suna koyon yin ayyukansu yadda ya kamata. Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin T da yawa. Baya ga ƙwayoyin T na Taimako, akwai wasu manyan nau'ikan:- Kwayoyin T masu guba : Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke yaƙi kai tsaye da lalata ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar, kamar yadda sojoji ke kai hari a cikin rundunar.
- Kwayoyin T masu daidaita jiki : Aikinsu shine su sarrafa ayyukan garkuwar jiki idan ya zama dole, kuma wani lokacin su hana shi yin aiki fiye da kima.
- Kwayoyin NKT: Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen inganta garkuwar jiki gaba ɗaya.
Me yasa waɗannan ƙwayoyin T na Taimako suke da mahimmanci ga jikinmu? (Matsayin Kariyar Daidawa)
To, duba, akwai sassa biyu na tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Ɗaya shine Innate Immunity , wanda shine tsarin kariya da ake ba mu tun daga haihuwa kuma yana aiki gaba ɗaya akan kowace ƙwayar cuta. Ɗayan kuma shine Adaptive Immunity . Wannan yana da matuƙar musamman. Domin wannan shine wanda ke gane takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shiga jikinmu kuma yana koyon yaƙar su musamman. Kamar lokacin da kuka fuskanci abokin gaba ɗaya a karo na biyu, kun shirya fiye da yadda kuka kasance a karon farko. Ga shi nan.Jaruman rigakafi masu daidaitawa sune waɗannan ƙwayoyin T masu taimako . A gaskiya ma, suna da hannu a yawancin martanin garkuwar jiki mai daidaitawa. Suna kunna nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu: 1. Kwayoyin B: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin B sune waɗanda ke samar da sinadarai na musamman a jikinmu da ake kira antibodies . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna kama da makamai na musamman. Suna samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka keɓance ga kowace ƙwayar cuta kuma suna taimakawa wajen lalata wannan ƙwayar cuta. 2. Kwayoyin T masu guba: Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke yaƙi da cututtuka kai tsaye kuma suna lalata ƙwayoyin da suka kamu. A taƙaice dai, ƙwayoyin T masu taimako suna kama da shugabannin da ke gaya wa sauran ƙwayoyin halitta, "Kai, akwai matsala! Kowa yana aiki!"Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin T masu taimako?
Eh, da zarar waɗannan ƙwayoyin T masu taimako sun gano kamuwa da cuta, sai su fara aiki ta hanyar raba su zuwa wasu ƙananan nau'i biyu. Waɗannan su ne:- Kwayoyin taimako na TH1: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna aika wani saƙo na musamman na sinadarai (bari mu kira shi umarni) don kunna wani nau'in ƙwayar halitta da ake kira macrophage . Macrophages suna kama da masu tattara shara a jikinmu. Suna "haɗiye" abubuwan waje da ƙwayoyin cuta daga waje kuma suna tsaftace jiki. Kwayoyin TH1 kuma suna kunna ƙwayoyin T masu guba da aka ambata a baya.
- Kwayoyin taimakon TH2: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna kunna ƙwayoyin B ta hanyar fitar da saƙonnin sinadarai daban-daban. Sannan ƙwayoyin B suna fara samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi . Ba wai kawai ba, waɗannan ƙwayoyin TH2 suna haifar da abubuwa kamar tari, atishawa, da gudawa , wanda wani lokacin yana taimaka wa jikinmu wajen kawar da abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba. Ana samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke da alaƙa da wasu alerji tare da taimakon waɗannan ƙwayoyin TH2.
Ka yi tunanin irin sarkakiya, amma kuma yadda tsarin tsaron jikinmu yake aiki da wayo! Duk wannan yana faruwa ne don kare mu daga cututtuka .
Ta yaya waɗannan ƙwayoyin T masu taimako ke fara aiki? (Kunnawa)
Wannan kuma labari ne mai ban sha'awa. Kwayoyin T na Taimako suna da wani ɓangare na musamman a saman su wanda ake kira CD4 receptor . Wannan kamar mabuɗin ƙofa ne. Muna kuma da wani ƙwayar cuta ta musamman a jikinmu mai suna ƙwayoyin MHC aji na II (ƙwayoyin Mahimman Histocompatibility Complex II).Waɗannan ƙwayoyin MHC na aji na II su ne farkon waɗanda suka "ji" cewa wani kamuwa da cuta ko wani abu na waje ya shiga jikinmu. Sannan, mai karɓar CD4 da ƙwayar MHC na aji na II suna hulɗa da juna. Kamar sanya maɓalli a ciki da buɗe ƙofa ne. A lokacin ne ƙwayoyin taimakon T za su fara aiki . Da zarar an kunna su, waɗannan ƙwayoyin taimakon T za su saki manzannin sinadarai da ake kira cytokines . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cytokines su ne abin da ke aika saƙon zuwa ga sauran ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki, "Muna buƙatar fara yaƙin yanzu!"Ta yaya ƙwayoyin Helper T da ƙwayoyin Cytotoxic T ke aiki tare?
Waɗannan biyun kamar ƙungiyoyi biyu ne ke aiki tare. Cytokines ɗin da ƙwayoyin T masu taimako ke fitarwa suna taimakawa wajen kunna ƙwayoyin T masu guba . Kamar suna cewa, "To, yanzu lokacinka ne, je ka yi aikinka!" Sannan ƙwayoyin T masu guba suna fitar da nasu sinadarai na musamman don yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta. Hakanan suna iya gane ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar, su kashe su kai tsaye, kuma su hana kamuwa da cutar yaɗuwa. Kalli yadda aikin haɗin gwiwa yake da kyau!A ina ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin T masu taimako suka fi yawa a jikinmu?
Kwayoyin T suna fara girma a wani ɓangare mai laushi na ƙasusuwanmu da ake kira ƙashin ƙugu . Sannan, lokacin da suke ƙanana, wato, lokacin da suke girma, suna zuwa wani gland da ake kira thymus . Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, thymus yana kama da "makarantar" waɗannan ƙwayoyin T. A nan ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin suka girma kuma aka horar da su sosai. Mafi mahimmanci, thymus yana koya wa waɗannan ƙwayoyin T su gane ainihin waɗanne ƙwayoyin halitta a jikinmu ne namu kuma waɗanne ƙwayoyin cuta ne da suka fito daga waje . Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, in ba haka ba za su iya kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarmu. Da zarar an kammala horon, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna zagayawa cikin jikinmu daga thymus. Akwai adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin T a cikin tsarin lymphatic ɗinmu. Musamman ma, ana iya samun ƙwayoyin T masu taimako a cikin yawan abubuwa masu yawa a cikin:- Bargon ƙashi
- Hanji
- Huhu
- Lymph nodes - Idan kana da zazzaɓi, waɗannan suna kumbura kuma suna jin kamar ƙuraje a wuyanka da hammata.
- ƙashi
- Tonsils - Wataƙila kun ji labarin tonsils a makogwaron ku.
Waɗanne cututtuka ne ke shafar ƙwayoyin T na Helper?
Abin takaici, akwai kuma cututtuka da ke shafar aikin waɗannan muhimman ƙwayoyin T masu taimako. Wasu daga cikinsu sune:- Cututtukan Autoimmune:Wannan yanayi ne da garkuwar jikinmu ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarmu masu lafiya. Canje-canje a cikin aikin ƙwayoyin T na taimako na iya zama sanadin hakan.
- Ciwon sankarar lymphocytic mai tsanani: Wannan nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke farawa daga jini da ƙashi.
- Lymphoma na manya na Hodgkin: Wannan nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke farawa daga tsarin lymphatic.
- HIV: Wannan kwayar cuta ce da ke kai hari ga fararen ƙwayoyin jini, musamman ƙwayoyin T masu taimakawa CD4. Wannan na iya raunana tsarin garkuwar jiki kuma ya haifar da wata cuta da ake kira AIDS .
- Ciwon Aiki: Wannan cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta a tsarin garkuwar jiki ba wadda ke haifar da cututtuka akai-akai.
- Thymic aplasia: Wannan yanayi ne da ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa lokacin da thymus bai girma yadda ya kamata ba. Rashin thymus mai kyau yana haifar da raguwar ci gaban ƙwayoyin T.
Abubuwa masu sauƙi da za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar garkuwar jikinmu
Akwai wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi da za mu iya yi don kiyaye dukkan garkuwar jikinmu, gami da ƙwayoyin T masu taimaka mana, ƙarfi da lafiya. Bin waɗannan zai taimaka mana sosai wajen kare mu daga cututtuka.- Rage shan barasa: A guji shan barasa gwargwadon iyawa, ko kuma a yi amfani da shi kawai a cikin ƙayyadadden adadin da ake buƙata.
- Ku ci abinci mai kyau: Ku ci abinci mai ɗauke da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, hatsi gaba ɗaya, furotin marasa kitse, da kuma kitse mai lafiya.
- Motsa jiki akai-akai: Yi abubuwa kamar motsa jiki masu motsa jiki waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ƙarfi, ƙara sassauci, da kuma numfashi mai zurfi kowace rana.
- Barci mai kyau: Ka samu akalla awanni bakwai zuwa takwas na barci kowace dare.
- A guji shan taba: Idan kana shan taba, ka daina. Idan ka riga ka fara, kada ka fara.
- A wanke hannuwanku akai-akai: A wanke hannuwanku sosai da sabulu da ruwa domin kare kanku daga ƙwayoyin cuta.
Abu mafi mahimmanci da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)
To, yanzu kun fahimci muhimmancin ƙwayoyin Taimakon T a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Suna kama da shugabannin tsaro na jikinmu masu hankali. Idan kamuwa da cuta ta zo, waɗannan ƙwayoyin Taimakon T ne ke gano ta, kuma tare da sauran ƙwayoyin yaƙi (ƙwayoyin T masu guba da ƙwayoyin B), suna kan gaba wajen yaƙi da wannan kamuwa da cuta.Shin ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa jikinmu yana da irin wannan tsari mai ban mamaki don kare mu, duk da cewa ba mu san shi ba? Saboda haka, ya kamata mu kuma yi sha'awar kiyaye wannan tsarin garkuwar jiki mai mahimmanci a cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Hanya mafi kyau ta yin hakan ita ce rayuwa mai kyau. Sannan ƙwayoyin T masu taimako suma za su iya yin aikinsu yadda ya kamata!Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan, kada ku yi jinkirin tambayar likita. Ku kasance cikin koshin lafiya!
Rigakafi, ƙwayoyin T, ƙwayoyin T masu taimako, lafiya, cututtuka, kamuwa da cuta, kare jiki
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