Shin kana son sanin lafiyar jaririnka tun da wuri? Bari mu yi magana game da Gwajin Halittar Jini kafin haihuwa!

Idan kina tsammanin zama uwa, babban burinki shine ki haifi jariri mai lafiya, ko ba haka ba? Don haka, a yau za mu yi magana game da wasu hanyoyin gwaji na musamman waɗanda ke taimaka miki sanin ko jaririn yana da wata matsala ta kwayoyin halitta ko kuma rashin lafiyar haihuwa yayin da yake cikin mahaifa. Muna kiran waɗannan da suna `(Gwajin Kwayoyin Halitta Kafin Haihuwa)`. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba abu ne da kowa ya kamata ya yi ba, amma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ki san da wannan.

Menene wannan (Gwajin Halittar Jini Kafin Haihuwa)?

A taƙaice dai, waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ne da za su iya gano ko jaririn da ke cikinku yana da cutar kwayar halitta ko kuma lahani a haihuwa. Ba kamar nau'in jini, haemoglobin, da gwajin sukari da kuke yi a lokacin daukar ciki ba, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta ba lallai ba ne kuma ana iya yin su ne kawai idan kuna so . Kuna iya magana da likitanku game da wannan kuma ku yanke shawara kan waɗanne gwaje-gwaje ne suka fi dacewa da ku.

Duk abin da ke cikin jikinmu kwayoyin halittarmu ne ke sarrafa shi. Waɗannan kwayoyin halittar suna adana su a cikin abubuwan da ake kira chromosomes. Don haka, wani lokacin, idan akwai wasu canje-canje ko gazawa a cikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ko chromosomes, cututtuka daban-daban na iya faruwa. Muna kiran irin waɗannan yanayi da ke akwai a lokacin haihuwa "(Cututtukan Haihuwa)". Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta na iya gano wasu irin waɗannan yanayi ko da kafin a haifi jaririn.

Waɗanne nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje ne waɗannan? (Gwajin Dubawa da Gwaje-gwajen Ganewa)

To, yanzu bari mu gani. Akwai manyan nau'ikan "Gwajin Kwayoyin Halitta Kafin Haihuwa".

1. Gwaje-gwajen Ganewa: Ana amfani da waɗannan don tantance ko jaririnku yana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wani yanayi na kwayoyin halitta. Wannan ba lallai bane yana nufin cewa jaririn yana da cutar. Duk da haka, idan haɗarin yana da yawa, likitanku zai gaya muku abin da za ku yi a gaba.

2. Gwaje-gwajen Ganewa: Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya tabbatar da ko jaririn yana da wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta ko a'a. Yawanci ana yin waɗannan ne kawai idan gwajin tantancewa ya nuna haɗari, ko kuma idan akwai haɗari mafi girma saboda wani dalili.

Yanzu bari mu yi magana game da kowanne daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan dalla-dalla.

Bari mu fara duba 'Gwajin Dubawa' (gwajin da ke neman haɗarin tayi)

Abu mafi mahimmanci da za a tuna shi ne cewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen tantancewa ba sa taɓa tabbatar da cewa akwai wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta. Ko da sakamakon ba shi da kyau, ba yana nufin cewa jaririn zai kamu da wannan cuta ba. Yana nufin kawai akwai wani haɗari idan aka kwatanta da wasu. Likitan ku zai iya bayyana muku waɗannan sakamakon kuma ya bayyana muku matakan da ya kamata ku ɗauka a gaba. A wasu lokuta, suna iya ba da shawarar a yi gwajin ganewar asali.

Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen tantancewa da dama:

1. Gwajin Jijiyoyin Jiki - Shin kana da wata cuta da za a iya yadawa ga jaririnka?

Wannan gwajin jini ne da kai da abokin tarayya za ku iya yi. Yana neman yanayin kwayar halitta guda ɗaya wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan yanayi na lafiya wanda jaririnku zai iya gadawa. Misali, yana iya gano yanayi kamar Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Disease, da Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Misali, idan gwajin jininka ya nuna cewa kai mai ɗauke da wani haɗarin kwayar halitta ne, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga abokin tarayyarka ya yi gwajin. Domin idan iyaye biyu suna ɗauke da haɗarin kwayar halitta ɗaya, jaririn zai iya kamuwa da wannan mummunar cuta. Ana yin wannan gwajin "Gwajin Gano Jiki" sau ɗaya kawai a rayuwa.

2. Dubawa don gano adadin chromosome mara kyau

Kamar yadda muka riga muka faɗa, muna gadon ƙwayoyin chromosomes biyu - ɗaya daga mahaifiyarmu da ɗayan kuma daga mahaifinmu. Wani lokaci, a lokacin wannan tsari na hadi, kurakurai na halitta na iya faruwa. Sannan sassan ƙwayoyin chromosomes ɗin na iya ɓacewa ko kuma a ƙara su. Misali, "Ƙaurawar Ciwon" (kasancewar ƙarin ƙwayoyin chromosome 21) da "Ƙaramar Ciwon Turner" (kasancewar ƙwayoyin X ba a samu ba) wannan ne ke haifar da su. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya bambanta daga juna biyu zuwa wani.

Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje da dama:

• Gwajin DNA na tayin da ba shi da ƙwayoyin halitta: Wannan kuma ana kiransa da `(Gwajin Kafin Haihuwa Ba Mai Zafi ba)` ko `(NIPT)`. Wannan ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙananan sassan DNA na jaririnku (`DNA na tayi`) daga jininku da kuma neman wasu matsalolin chromosome da aka saba gani. Duk da haka, saboda adadin DNA na wannan jaririn ƙarami ne, ana iya yin wannan gwajin ne kawai bayan makonni 10 na ciki.
• Gwajin jini: Wannan kuma gwaji ne da ke ɗaukar samfurin jininki. Duk da haka, ba ya duba DNA na jaririn kai tsaye. Madadin haka, yana nazarin matakan furotin daban-daban a cikin jininki don tantance haɗarin kamuwa da rashin daidaituwar chromosome. Misalan waɗannan sun haɗa da `(Gwajin jeri)`, `(Gwajin jeri huɗu)` da `(Gwajin jeri na uku na uku na jini)`. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen yana buƙatar a yi shi a wani takamaiman lokaci yayin daukar ciki, don haka yana da kyau a tambayi likitanka wanne ya dace da kai. Yawancin lokaci ana iya yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen bayan makonni 11 na ciki.

3. Duba matsalolin jiki

Wani lokaci, rashin daidaituwar chromosomes na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsarin jikin jaririn. Ko kuma, ko da chromosomes ɗin sun zama na al'ada, jaririn na iya samun lahani na jiki. Gwaje-gwajen duban dan tayi da jini da aka yi a lokacin daukar ciki na iya ba da ra'ayi game da haɗarin kamuwa da irin waɗannan rashin daidaituwar jiki da kuma ko sun faru ne sakamakon kwayoyin halitta.

• Nuchal Translucency (NT scan):Wannan gwajin duban dan tayi yana auna kauri da fatar da ke bayan wuyan tayin. Idan wannan kauri ya yi yawa, zai iya nuna haɗarin rashin daidaituwar ƙwayoyin halittar jiki, da kuma matsalolin jiki kamar ci gaban zuciyar jariri mara kyau. Ana yin wannan gwajin duban dan tayi tsakanin makonni 11 zuwa 14 na ciki.
• Gwajin AFP (gwajin jinin uwa): Ana ɗaukar samfurin jininki kuma ana auna matakin furotin mai suna AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein). Idan wannan matakin ya yi yawa, yana iya nuna cewa akwai wasu matsalolin jiki a cikin ciki, fuska, ko kashin baya na jaririn. Ana yin wannan tsakanin makonni 15 zuwa 22.
• Allon gwaji na huɗu: Wannan yana auna matakan abubuwa huɗu a cikin jininka don tantance haɗarin da jaririnka zai iya fuskanta na samun matsalolin chromosome da lahani a cikin bututun jijiyoyi. Wannan kuma ana kiransa "Allon Alamomi da yawa". Ana kuma yin hakan tsakanin makonni 15 zuwa 22.
• Duban yanayin jikin jariri: Wannan shine abin da mutane da yawa suka sani a matsayin "Scan Anomaly". A cikin wannan, ana amfani da na'urar duban dan tayi don duba tsarin jikin jaririn, gami da kwakwalwa mai tasowa, kwarangwal, zuciya, koda, ciki, fuska, da gaɓoɓi. Wannan na'urar duban dan tayi yawanci ana yin ta ne tsakanin makonni 18 zuwa 20 na ciki.

Muhimmi: Kuma, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen tantancewa suna nuna yiwuwar wata cuta ce kawai. Ba sa nuna cewa akwai wata cuta a ciki.

Menene 'Gwajin Bincike'? (Gwajin don gano ko akwai wata cuta)

Gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali na iya tabbatar da ko jariri yana da yanayin kwayar halitta. Ana yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ne kawai idan sakamakon gwajin tantancewa ba shi da kyau, ko kuma idan kuna da wasu dalilai na tunanin jaririnku yana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da yanayin kwayar halitta (misali, wani a cikin iyalinku yana da wannan yanayin).

Nau'o'in gwaje-gwaje guda biyu da aka fi sani sune `(Amniocentesis)` da `(Chorionic Villus Sampling / CVS)`.

• Amniocentesis: A cikin wannan gwajin, likita zai saka ƙaramin allura ta fatarki zuwa cikin mahaifarki sannan ya ɗauki ƙaramin samfurin ruwan amniotic da ke kewaye da jaririnki. Ana yin wannan gwajin tsakanin makonni 16 zuwa 20 na ciki.
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): A cikin wannan gwajin, likita zai saka allura a cikin mahaifa sannan ya ɗauki ƙaramin samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta daga mahaifa. Likita zai yanke shawara ko zai saka allurar ta cikin ciki ko ta farji, ya danganta da wanne ya fi aminci. Ana yin gwajin CVS tsakanin makonni 11 zuwa 13 na ciki.

Daga nan sai a aika samfuran zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don yin bincike. Dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya yin gwaje-gwaje na musamman kamar Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), Karyotyping na yau da kullun, da Microarray. Wasu gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali na iya samar da sakamako cikin ƙasa da awanni 72, yayin da wasu na iya ɗaukar fiye da makonni biyu.

Ya kamata a yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta? Wa ya kamata ya yi waɗannan?

Ko za a yi wannan "Gwajin Halittar Haihuwa" ko a'a, shawara ce ta kanka. Idan ba ka da tabbas, za ka iya tambayar likitanka abin da zai ba da shawara. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya samar da muhimman bayanai game da lafiyar jaririn. Yawanci, duk mata masu juna biyu ana sanar da su game da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen gwajin kwayoyin halitta a matsayin wani ɓangare na kulawarsu ta haihuwa.

Wasu daga cikin dalilan da yasa wasu iyalai suka yanke shawarar yin gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali sune:

• Samun sakamako mara kyau daga gwajin tantancewa.
• Samun tarihin iyali na yanayin kwayoyin halitta.
• Ciki har da sama da shekaru 35.
• Bayan an taɓa zubar da ciki ko kuma an haifi jariri a mace.

Shin ya zama dole a yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen yayin daukar ciki?

A'a, ba lallai ba ne. Shawara ce bisa ga imaninka da tarihin lafiyarka. Wasu iyaye suna son sanin ko za a haifi jaririnsu da wata cuta. Wannan yana ba su damar tsara kula da jaririnsu a gaba. Abin takaici, wasu iyalai na iya samun sakamako mai ban tausayi, kuma suna iya yanke shawara mai wahala ko za su ci gaba da ɗaukar ciki. Don haka, ko za a yi wannan gwajin gwaji ko gwajin ganewar asali ya rage gare ku da likitanku.

Ta yaya ake yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen?

Ana yin yawancin gwaje-gwajen `(Genetic Screening)` akan samfurin jini daga uwa mai juna biyu. Idan sakamakon gwajin tantancewa ya nuna cewa akwai ƙaruwar haɗarin kamuwa da lahani a haihuwa, likita zai iya yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje masu zurfi (``invasive tests```) don gano takamaiman yanayi. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali masu zurfi sune ``(Amniocentesis)`` da ``(CVS)``.

Waɗanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi a makonni daban-daban na ciki?

Wannan kuma matsala ce ga mutane da yawa.

Gwaje-gwajen Mako na Farko (cikin watanni 3 na farko)

Ana yin gwajin jini na farko a cikin watanni uku na farko, gwajin DNA na tayi mara ƙwayoyin halitta (NIPT), da kuma gwajin NT ultrasound tsakanin makonni 11 zuwa 14 na ciki. Ta hanyar haɗa bayanan da aka samu daga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini da na'urar duban dan tayi, za ku iya samun fahimtar haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan chromosome kamar Down Syndrome.

Ana iya yin "gwajin ɗaukar hoto na masu ɗauke da cutar" a kowane lokaci a lokacin daukar ciki, koda kuwa makonni 6-10 ne. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna neman yanayin "ƙwayar halitta ɗaya" da za ku iya ba wa jaririnku. Duk da haka, "gwajin ɗaukar hoto na masu ɗauke da cutar" ba zai iya gano yanayin da rashin daidaituwar ƙwayoyin halitta ke haifarwa ba, kamar "Down Syndrome".

Gwajin DNA na tayin da ba shi da ƙwayoyin halitta (NIPT) yana gwada DNA na jaririn a cikin jininsa. Yana neman yanayin chromosome kamar Down Syndrome, Trisomy 13, da Trisomy 18. Ana iya yin wannan gwajin tun makonni 10 na ciki, ko kuma daga baya a lokacin ciki.

Gwaje-gwaje na Watan Sha Biyu (tsakanin watanni 4-6)

Ana yin gwajin tantancewa na watanni biyu tsakanin makonni 15 zuwa 22 na ciki. Gwaje-gwajen jini da aka yi a wannan lokacin sune `(Nau'in Nau'in Halittar Jiki na Mata Alpha-Fetoprotein / AFP Screen)` da `(Nau'in Na ...

Shin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen 'tantance' na cututtuka kamar Down Syndrome za su iya zama kuskure?

Eh, akwai yiwuwar gwajin tantancewa ya yi kuskure. Wato, wani lokacin akwai haɗari ko da yake yana cewa babu haɗari, kuma wani lokacin yana iya kasancewa haɗari duk da cewa yana cewa babu haɗari (ana kiran wannan "ƙarya mai kyau" da "ƙarya mara kyau"). Likitan ku zai iya bayyana daidaiton ƙimar ("daidaitattun ƙimar") na kowace gwajin tantancewa da kuka yi a lokacin daukar ciki.

Akwai wasu haɗari game da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen?

Gwaje-gwajen tantancewa (yin samfurin jini) ba a ɗaukar su a matsayin haɗari ba. Duk da haka, idan ka je gwajin ganewar asali kamar "Amniocentesis" ko "CVS", akwai ƙaramin haɗari . Waɗannan haɗarin sune kamuwa da cuta, zubar jini, ko zubar da ciki. Shi ya sa ba a yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali ga kowa a gabaɗaya "Ana yin gwajin kwayoyin halitta kafin haihuwa", amma ga waɗanda ke da shakku sosai.

Har yaushe ne sakamakon zai dawo? Me sakamakon yake nufi?

Gwaje-gwajen tantancewa suna ɗaukar kwanaki kaɗan kafin a sami sakamako. Gwaje-gwajen gano cututtuka na iya ɗaukar kwanaki kaɗan zuwa makonni kaɗan kafin a sami sakamako. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana aika waɗannan samfuran zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji. Likitan ku zai fara samun sakamakon, sannan zai gaya muku sakamakon.

Sakamakon gwajin tantancewa yana nuna haɗari ne kawai. Ba sa gaya maka ko jaririn yana da wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta.

• Idan aka sami sakamako mai kyau , hakan na nufin cewa jaririn yana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cuta fiye da sauran jama'a.
• Idan aka sami sakamako mara kyau , hakan yana nufin cewa jaririn yana da ƙarancin haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cutar fiye da sauran jama'a.

Likitan ku zai iya ba da shawarar gwajin ganewar asali, kamar CVS ko amniocentesis. Ko kuma, za su iya tura ku zuwa ga mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya ƙware a cikin ɗaukar ciki mai haɗari da yanayin kwayoyin halitta. Kada ku ji tsoron yin magana da likitocin ku game da ma'anar sakamakon gwajin ku da kuma haɗari da fa'idodin gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali.

Za a iya tantance jinsin jaririn ta hanyar waɗannan gwaje-gwajen?

Baya ga bayar da bayanai game da haɗarin yanayin kwayoyin halitta, gwajin "Gwajin DNA mara ƙwayoyin halitta / NIPT" na iya bayar da bayanai game da jinsin jaririn. "Ultrasound" wani lokacin kuma yana iya tantance jinsi. Duk da haka, wannan ƙarin fa'ida ne kawai, ba babban dalilin gwajin ba.

Me ya kamata in tambayi likita game da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta?

Gwaje-gwajen tantancewa da ganewar asali a lokacin daukar ciki yanke shawara ne na kanka. Kuna iya samun tambayoyi game da waɗanne gwaje-gwajen tantancewa ya kamata ku yi ko ma'anar sakamakon gwajin ku. Kada ku ji tsoron yin tambayoyi. Ku tuna, ku da iyalanku ne kawai za ku iya yanke shawara kan yadda za ku magance sakamako mai kyau daga nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta guda biyu.

Wasu tambayoyi gama gari da za ku iya yi:

• "Waɗanne gwaje-gwajen tantancewa kuke ba da shawara bisa ga tarihin lafiyata?"
• "Idan sakamakon gwajin tantancewa na ya kasance 'Positive', menene matakai na gaba?"
• "Shin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta za su iya cutar da jaririn?"
• "Menene damar samun sakamako na ƙarya?"

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za ku tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Babu amsar da ta dace ko ba daidai ba ga Gwajin Halittar Haihuwa Kafin Haihuwa. Shawarar ta rage ga kai da iyalinka. Idan kana da damuwa game da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, ko kuma idan kana son fahimtar abin da kowace gwaji za ta nema, yi magana da likitanka. Zai iya tattauna haɗari da fa'idodin kowace gwajin kwayoyin halitta tare da kai kuma ya taimaka maka ka yanke shawara mafi kyau a gare ka da iyalinka.

Ka tuna, yawancin jarirai ana haihuwarsu cikin koshin lafiya. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci ka fahimci zaɓuɓɓukan da za ka iya samu da kuma gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta da za ka iya yi. Likitanka shine mafi kyawun jagorarka a wannan tafiya.

` Ciwon ciki, gwajin kwayoyin halitta, lafiyar jariri, gwajin tayi, gwaje-gwajen tantancewa, gwaje-gwajen gano cuta, Down syndrome, duban dan tayi