Menene Immunostaining? Bari mu yi magana game da wannan gwajin gano cututtuka a cikin sauƙi!

Shin likita ya taɓa yin odar gwajin da ake kira "Immunostaining"? Ko kuma ka taɓa jin kalmar a wani wuri? Wataƙila yana da ɗan rikitarwa a gare ka. Amma kada ka damu, a yau za mu yi magana game da wannan gwajin da ake kira Immunostaining, abin da yake yi, yadda ake yi, komai ta hanya mai sauƙi da za ka iya fahimta. Kamar magana da aboki.

Menene ainihin immunostaining?

A taƙaice dai, gwajin rigakafi gwaji ne na musamman da masana cututtukanmu ke amfani da shi. Ana amfani da shi don gano takamaiman ƙwayar furotin tsakanin furotin da yawa a cikin samfurin da aka ɗauka daga jikinka, kamar jini, ƙashi, ko nama. Ka yi tunanin haka kamar nemo wani takamaiman mutum a cikin taron jama'a. Wannan hanyar tana da matuƙar amfani wajen gano cututtuka daban-daban, musamman cututtuka da ciwon daji.

Ta yaya wannan gwajin yake aiki?

To, yanzu bari mu ga yadda wannan garkuwar jiki ke aiki. Yana amfani da wani abu da ake kira antibodies . Waɗannan garkuwar jiki kamar sojoji ne a cikin tsarin tsaron jikinmu. Suna gane kuma suna manne wa abubuwan da ke haifar da cuta, waɗanda ake kira antigens . Don haka, a cikin wannan gwajin, likitoci suna amfani da wani rigakafi wanda ya keɓance ga wannan furotin (wanda ake kira antigen) da suke nema.

Sai kuma ɓangaren "tabo". Kamar haskaka wata jumla mai mahimmanci a cikin littafi ne. Amma ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kamar yin fenti a kan riga. Waɗannan hanyoyin "tabo" suna amfani da rini na musamman, enzymes masu canza launi, ƙwayoyin fluorescent , har ma da ƙwayoyin zinare. Waɗannan suna yiwa sunadaran da ƙwayoyin da suke nema alama, don haka masu bincike za su iya ganin su a sarari a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa.

Kafin yin wannan gwajin hana garkuwar jiki, likita zai ɗauki samfurin jininka, ƙashi, ko nama. Daga nan za a aika shi zuwa ga likitan cututtuka don gwaji. Ka tuna, ko an ɗauki samfurin a asibiti ko a ofishin likita, wannan gwajin hana garkuwar jiki koyaushe ana yin sa ne a dakin gwaje-gwaje, ko kuma abin da muke kira dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Mene ne nau'ikan immunostaining?

Akwai hanyoyi da dama na rage garkuwar jiki da likitoci ke amfani da su. Kowace hanya tana da takamaiman tsarin gwaji, ko yarjejeniya, da ke da alaƙa da ita. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su:

• Immunohistochemistry
• Tsarin kwararar jini
• Na'urar gano ƙwayoyin cuta ta Immuno-electron microscopy (EM immunolabeling)

Za mu duba kowanne daga cikin waɗannan dalla-dalla?

Immunohistochemistry - hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita

Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita wajen tantance yanayin garkuwar jiki . A cikin immunohistochemistry, ana sanya ƙaramin yanki na samfurin a kan gilashin zamewa, sannan a ƙara wani maganin rigakafi wanda ya haɗu da abin da ake nufi a kai. Sannan ana fentin shi da fenti na musamman ko enzymes. Waɗannan ana kiransu immunostains. Wannan yana bawa likitan cututtuka damar ganin wasu sunadarai da ƙwayoyin halitta a sarari a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa.

Duba menene amfanin immunohistochemistry:

• Yana taimakawa wajen gano nau'ikan ciwon daji daban-daban.
• Yana taimakawa wajen rarraba cututtuka da dama na jijiyoyi da kuma matsalolin jini.
• Wannan kuma yana bawa likitoci damar yin nazarin tasirin, ko kuma yadda wasu kwayoyin halitta ke bayyana .

Cytometry na kwarara - kamar injin da ke ƙirgawa da raba ƙwayoyin halitta

A cikin wata hanya da ake kira flow cytometry, wani ma'aikacin fasaha yana amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu lakabi masu launi don yin alama ga sunadaran da yake nema. Sannan, ana amfani da wani haske na laser na musamman don ƙirgawa, rarrabawa, da raba ƙwayoyin halittarku ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Kamar duba kayan abinci a babban kanti ne.

Likitoci suna amfani da tsarin gano cututtuka kamar:

• Cututtuka masu yaduwa
• Cututtukan da ke shafar garkuwar jiki
• Cutar sankarar bargo
• Lymphoma

Na'urar gano ƙwayoyin cuta ta Immuno-electron microscopy (EM immunolabeling)

Gwajin gwaji na Immuno-electron microscopy yana bawa likitan cututtuka damar duba samfurin ku a cikin ƙarin girma da kuma cikakkun bayanai. A cikin wannan, masana ilimin cututtuka suna haɗa ƙananan ƙwayoyin zinare da ake kira ƙwayoyin zinare na colloidal zuwa ga ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Wannan zinariyar colloidal tana da sauƙin gani a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki. Don haka, lokacin da wannan ƙwayar cuta ta tafi ta kama antigen, ƙwayoyin zinare suna bayyana a sarari a matsayin ɗigo baƙi.

Baya ga gano cututtuka daban-daban na ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka, na'urar gano ƙwayoyin cuta ta immuno-electron microscopy na iyaHar ma a sami ƙwayoyin cuta masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin alluran rigakafi.

Ta yaya ya kamata in shirya don wannan gwajin?

Yawanci, ba kwa buƙatar shirya don gwajin hana garkuwar jiki. Duk da haka, likitanka zai ba ka umarni kafin ka ɗauki jininka, nama, ko samfurin ƙashi. Wannan zai taimaka maka ka san ainihin abin da za ka yi tsammani. Yana da mahimmanci ka saurari abin da likitanka ya faɗa da kyau.

Har yaushe gwajin zai ɗauka? Har yaushe sakamakon zai ɗauka kafin ya dawo?

Wannan ya dogara ne da hanyar da likitanka ke amfani da ita wajen rage yawan garkuwar jiki. Wasu hanyoyin suna ɗaukar awanni kaɗan ne kawai , yayin da wasu kuma na iya ɗaukar har zuwa kwanaki 10. Likitanka zai iya gaya maka tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka dangane da yanayinka.

Lokacin da ake ɗauka kafin sakamako ya dawo shi ma iri ɗaya ne. Wasu hanyoyin rage garkuwar jiki na iya ba ku sakamako cikin ɗan lokaci kamar kwana ɗaya. Wasu kuma na iya ɗaukar mako ɗaya ko fiye. Idan kun je bayar da samfurin, likitanku zai sanar da ku lokacin da za ku iya tsammanin sakamakon.

Don haka, a irin wannan lokaci, ya fi kyau a yi haƙuri ba tare da tsoro ba. Yi magana da likita ka fayyace komai.

Me sakamakon ya ce? Me zai faru idan ba su da kyau?

Likitan zai yi nazarin sakamakon gwajin ku ya aika su ga likitan ku. Sakamakon da za ku samu na iya bambanta dangane da nau'in gwajin da likitan ya yi. Likitan ku zai yi bayani dalla-dalla kan sakamakon gwajin ku da kuma abin da suke nufi ga takamaiman yanayin ku.

Ka tuna, idan sakamakon gwajin bai yi daidai ba , wato likitan da ke duba alamun wata cuta, kada ka firgita. Likitanka zai yi maka bayani game da sakamakon kuma ya tattauna hanyoyin maganinka da kai. A wasu lokuta, ƙungiyar likitoci za su iya aiki tare don ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun tsarin magani.

A ƙarshe, mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da za a tuna

To, daga abin da muka tattauna, ina fatan kun sami kyakkyawar fahimta game da hana garkuwar jiki. Ga wasu muhimman abubuwa da ya kamata ku tuna:

• Immunostaining gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje ne wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi don gano da kuma yiwa takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta lakabi a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu.
• Wannan gwajin zai iya taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka daban-daban na lafiya, ciki har da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da na ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji.
• Idan dole ne a yi maka gwajin garkuwar jiki, babu dalilin tsoro.Likitan ku zai yi muku bayani dalla-dalla.
• Da zarar an tabbatar da sakamakon gwajin, yi magana a fili da likitanka game da abin da ke haifar da shi ga yanayinka da kuma ko ana buƙatar magani ko a'a.

Ku tuna, kimiyyar likitanci tana ci gaba da bunkasa. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje irin waɗannan ne za mu iya gano cututtuka da yawa da wuri kuma mu magance su yadda ya kamata. Don haka, idan likita ya ba da shawarar irin wannan gwajin, yana da mahimmanci a shirya don hakan.

` Rigakafin rigakafi, Cututtuka, Kwayoyin cuta, Kwayoyin cuta, Gwaje-gwajen Ciwon daji, Gwaje-gwajen Dakunan Gwaje-gwaje