Shin ka taɓa lura cewa bakinka yana bushewa koyaushe, idanunka suna ɗan duhu, ko kuma cikinka yana bushewa koyaushe saboda wasu magunguna da kake sha? Za ka iya tunanin cewa wannan wani abu ne daban da rashin lafiyarka ke haifarwa. Duk da haka, dalilin hakan na iya zama cewa kana shan magani ba tare da saninka ba wanda ke da tasirin hana cholinergic. Kada ka damu, wannan abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare. A yau, za mu yi magana game da wannan ta hanya mai sauƙi da za ka iya fahimta.
Menene ainihin waɗannan magungunan hana cholinergic?
Wannan sunan na iya yin kama da wani abu mai rikitarwa. Amma labarin yana da sauƙi ƙwarai. Tsarin jijiyoyi na jikinmu yana da matuƙar ban mamaki. Wannan shine abin da ke sarrafa komai daga tunaninmu, motsinmu, numfashinmu, da bugun zuciyarmu. Akwai "manzanni" a cikin wannan tsarin jijiyoyi don ɗaukar saƙonni akai-akai. Kamar mutanen da ke isar da wasiƙu a ofishin gidan waya. Muna kiran waɗannan manzannin `(Masu aika saƙonnin jijiyoyi)`.
Wani muhimmin sashi na wannan sinadarin shine acetylcholine .
Yanzu bari mu ga menene babban aikin wannan 'Acetylcholine'. Akwai manyan sassa biyu na tsarin jijiyoyinmu masu zaman kansu.
1. Tsarin Tausayi: Wannan shine tsarinmu na "faɗa-ko-gudu". A taƙaice dai, wannan tsarin yana shirya mu don fuskantar gaggawa, tsoro, ko barazana. Kamar na'urar ƙara gudu a cikin mota ne. Idan aka kunna ta, zuciyarmu tana bugawa da sauri, idanunmu suna faɗaɗa, kuma muna gumi.
2. Tsarin Parasympathetic: Wannan shine tsarinmu na "hutawa da narkewar abinci". Wannan yana nufin cewa wannan tsarin yana taimaka wa jiki ya kwantar da hankali, ya narke abinci, da kuma shakatawa. Kamar birki ne a kan mota. Manzonmu mai suna 'Acetylcholine' yana aiki galibi a cikin wannan tsarin.
To, yanzu ka fahimci asalin labarin, ko ba haka ba? Magungunan hana kumburin ciki suna aiki ta hanyar tsoma baki ga aikin wannan manzon da ake kira 'Acetylcholine'. Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da wannan manzon ya je wurin da yake buƙatar isar da saƙonsa, wannan wurin (mai karɓar) zai toshe. Sannan aikin wannan tsarin "mai kwantar da hankali" (Parasympathetic) zai ragu kaɗan.
A taƙaice dai, magungunan hana kumburin ciki na ɗan lokaci suna toshe aikin wani manzo wanda ke sarrafa hanyoyin shakatawa da kwantar da hankali a jikinmu.
Wadanne irin cututtuka ne ake amfani da wannan maganin?
Akwai magunguna sama da 600 waɗanda ke da tasirin hana cholinergic. An tsara wasu magunguna don amfani da wannan ikon hana cholinergic don magance cututtuka. Wasu magunguna suna da wannan ikon a matsayin sakamako mai illa.
A cikin teburin da ke ƙasa, bari mu duba nau'ikan magunguna da dama waɗanda galibi suna amfani da wannan sinadari na hana kumburin ciki don magance cututtuka.
| Sunan maganin (misali) | Amfani da misalai da bayani mai sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Atropine | Wannan magani ne da ake amfani da shi a Sashen Gaggawa (ETU). Ana amfani da shi don magance bradycardia lokacin da bugun zuciya ya yi jinkiri sosai, kuma a matsayin maganin guba daga wasu magungunan kashe kwari. Idan guba ta faru, likitanka zai tuntuɓi Cibiyar Bayar da Bayanai game da Guba ta Ƙasa a Asibitin Ƙasa don ƙarin shawara. |
| Ipratropium / Tiotropium | Ana samun waɗannan a cikin na'urorin numfashi da ake ba wa mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan numfashi kamar asma da COPD. Waɗannan magunguna suna taimakawa wajen faɗaɗa hanyoyin iska da kuma sauƙaƙa numfashi. |
| Oxybutynin / Solifenacin | Ana ba da waɗannan magunguna ne don magance matsalar rashin isasshen fitsari, yanayin da ke sa mutum ya riƙa yin fitsari akai-akai kuma yana fuskantar matsala wajen sarrafa kwararar fitsari. Waɗannan magunguna suna aiki ta hanyar rage matsewar tsokoki a cikin mafitsara. |
| Scopolamine | Ana amfani da waɗannan don magance amai da tashin zuciya da ke faruwa sakamakon tafiya a cikin bas da jiragen ruwa (motion sickness). Wani lokaci suna zuwa a cikin siffar faci. |
| Benztropine / Trihexyphenidyl | Wannan maganin yana taimakawa wajen magance alamun kamar girgizar ƙasa da cutar Parkinson ke haifarwa. |
| Diphenhydramine | Magunguna da yawa da ake amfani da su don rashin lafiyan jiki (misali, piritan) suna ɗauke da waɗannan. Wannan sinadarin hana cholinergic shine babban dalilin da yasa kake jin barci kuma kana da bushewar baki lokacin shan waɗannan. |
Magungunan da ke da wannan sinadari a matsayin sakamako mai illa
Akwai wasu magunguna waɗanda, kodayake babban aikinsu wani abu ne daban, suna da tasirin hana cholinergic a matsayin sakamako mai illa.
- Wasu tsofaffin magunguna da ake amfani da su don magance yanayi kamar baƙin ciki (maganin hana damuwa na Tricyclic). Ana ba da wasu magunguna ('Magungunan hana tabin hankali') don cututtukan kwakwalwa masu tsanani kamar schizophrenia .
- Magunguna da yawa don allergies ('Antihistamines').
Menene illar magungunan anticholinergic?
Yanzu wataƙila ka fahimci dalilin da yasa waɗannan magunguna ke haifar da bushewar baki da rashin gani sosai. Idan muka rage ayyukan wannan tsarin "mai kwantar da hankali", yawancin abubuwan da wannan tsarin ke sarrafawa suna shafar su.
Akwai karin maganar Ingilishi da likitoci ke amfani da ita don tunawa da waɗannan illolin. "Zafi kamar zomo, makaho kamar jemage, busasshe kamar ƙashi, ja kamar gwoza, mahaukaci kamar hamage". Wannan yana nufin "Zafi kamar zomo, makaho kamar jemage, busasshe kamar ƙashi, ja kamar tushen gwoza, mahaukaci kamar hamage" . Wannan yana sauƙaƙa tunawa da manyan illolin.
Bari mu yi ɗan duba waɗannan illolin da kuma dalilansu a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.
| Tasirin Gefen | A taƙaice dai, me zai faru? |
|---|---|
| Bushewar baki da idanu | Tsarin "natsuwa" yana ƙarfafa samar da yawu da hawaye. Idan ba ya aiki sosai, ba a samar da yawu da hawaye sosai. |
| Gani mara kyau | Tsokokin da ke canza girman ɗalibin suna shafar, wanda hakan ke sa ya yi wuya a ga abubuwa kusa. Ɗaliban suna ƙara girma (ɗaliban da suka faɗaɗa). |
| Wahalar yin fitsari (Rikewa daga fitsari) | Yayin da tsokoki na mafitsara ke raguwa, yana da wuya a zubar da mafitsara gaba ɗaya. |
| Maƙarƙashiya | Motsin hanji da ke da alaƙa da tsarin narkewar abinci yana raguwa. |
| Zuciya mai sauri (tachycardia) | Yawan bugun zuciya yana ƙaruwa fiye da yadda aka saba saboda "birki" da ke sarrafa bugun zuciya ya yi rauni. |
| Rikici / Canjin yanayin tunani | Acetylcholine yana da mahimmanci ga ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma hanyoyin tunani a cikin kwakwalwa. Idan aka samu matsala, musamman a cikin tsofaffi, yana iya haifar da rudani. |
| Hyperthermia da fata mai laushi | Gumi hanya ce da jiki ke daidaita zafin jiki. Waɗannan magunguna na iya rage gumi, wanda zai iya ƙara zafin jiki. |
Awanne lokaci kake buƙatar ganin likita?
Idan an rubuta maka maganin hana kumburin ciki, fa'idodin shan sa sun fi illa. Amma, idan ka fuskanci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan, ka tabbata ka yi magana da likitanka.
- Idan rashin lafiyarka ba ta jin daɗi da magani.
- Idan kana fuskantar matsala wajen shan maganin kamar yadda likita ya rubuta (misali idan kana fuskantar matsala saboda illa).
- Idan illolin maganin sun yi tsanani har suka kai ga katse ayyukanka na yau da kullum (zuwa aiki, tuƙi, karatu).
Ka yi tunanin, kana da asma, kuma abin sha da aka ba ka yana sauƙaƙa numfashi, amma bakinka yana bushewa sosai. Ko kuma kana fuskantar matsala wajen sarrafa fitsarinka kuma maganin da aka ba ka yana sa ganinka ya ɗan yi duhu. A irin wannan yanayin, idan ka yi magana da likitanka, zai iya canza yawan maganin ko kuma ya rubuta maka wani magani wanda ke ba da sakamako iri ɗaya.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine, idan kuna da matsala, kada ku daina shan maganin ku ko ku canza maganin ku da kanku. Kullum ku yi magana da likitan ku kuma ku bi shawararsa.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Magungunan hana kumburin ciki suna aiki ta hanyar toshe aikin wani sinadari mai aiki da sinadarai (Acetylcholine) wanda ke aiki a cikin tsarin "kwantar da hankali" na jikinmu.
- Ana amfani da wannan maganin a matsayin magani ga cututtuka da dama, kamar su asma, cutar Parkinson, da kuma rashin yin fitsari.
- Wasu magunguna don rashin lafiyan jiki da baƙin ciki suma suna da wannan tasirin anticholinergic a matsayin sakamako mai illa.
- Illolin da aka saba gani sun haɗa da bushewar baki, rashin gani sosai, ciwon ciki, bugun zuciya da sauri, da kuma ruɗani.
- Idan kana damuwa game da illolin da maganin da kake sha ke haifarwa, kada ka ji tsoron yin magana game da shi ko yanke shawara da kanka, amma ka yi magana da likitanka.
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