Bari mu koyi game da sabuwar hanyar (Endovascular Surgery) wadda ke warkar da jijiyoyin jini ba tare da babban yankewa ba?

Idan ka ji kalmar "tiyata" ko "tiyata," shin kana jin tsoro kaɗan? Abu ne na al'ada a yi tunanin babban yankewa, kwanaki kaɗan a asibiti, da kuma dogon lokaci na ciwo. Amma a yau, magani ya ci gaba sosai. Maimakon yin manyan yankewa kamar a da, yanzu akwai fasahar da ke ba mu damar shiga cikin jiki ta cikin ƙaramin rami mu magance cututtuka masu tsanani. Wannan shine abin da za mu yi magana a kai a yau, hanya mai ban mamaki ta magance jijiyoyin jini a jikinmu.

Menene Aikin Tiyatar Jiki na Endovascular?

A taƙaice dai, tiyatar endovascular wata hanya ce da ke magance jijiyoyin jini a jikinmu daga ciki ba tare da yin manyan yanke-yanke ba. Ka yi tunanin bututun ruwa a cikin gidanka wanda ya toshe. Maimakon karya bango da gyara bututun, wannan kamar saka siririn bututu da kyamara ta cikin ƙaramin rami da kuma cire toshewar.

A cikin wannan aikin, likitoci suna amfani da ƙaramin allura don yin rami a cikin jijiyoyin jini sannan su saka bututun da ke da siriri, masu sassauƙa da ake kira catheters ta cikinsa. Sannan, ta amfani da fasahohi kamar X-ray, ana jagorantar waɗannan bututun zuwa ainihin wurin da cutar ta faru, wato, inda jijiyoyin jini suka toshe, suka kumbura, ko suka lalace. Sannan, ana wuce kayan aikin da ake buƙata ta cikinsa don warkar da cutar. Wannan zai iya dawo da kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa, zuciya, gaɓoɓi, da huhu.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin tiyatar endovascular da ta buɗe?

Duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna magance jijiyoyin jini. Amma yadda suke tunkararsa ya bambanta gaba ɗaya. Don fahimtar wannan bambanci, duba teburin da ke ƙasa.

Wadanne yanayi ne ake magancewa da wannan hanyar?

Ana amfani da hanyoyin magance cututtukan jijiyoyin jini iri-iri da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Wasu daga cikin manyan matsalolin sun hada da:

• Ciwon Aneurysm: Wannan shine lokacin da bangon jijiyoyin jini ya yi rauni ya kuma kumbura kamar balan-balan. Wannan na iya faruwa a cikin ciwon aneurysm na ciki ko kuma ciwon aneurysm na thoracic, da kuma sauran jijiyoyin jini a jiki. Idan wannan ya fashe, yana iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.
• Ciwon suga (Atherosclerosis): Wannan shine lokacin da kitse, kamar cholesterol, da ake samu a cikin abincin da muke ci, suka taru a bangon jijiyoyin jini, suna rage hanyar jini a hankali. Yana kama da tsatsa da ke taruwa a cikin bututun ruwa. Wannan yana hana kwararar jini.
• Ciwon jijiyoyin carotid: Jijiyoyin carotid sune manyan jijiyoyin jini guda biyu a wuyanmu waɗanda ke ɗauke da jini zuwa kwakwalwa. Idan suka toshe ta hanyar kitse, haɗarin bugun jini yana ƙaruwa sosai.
• Tarin jini mai zurfi (DVT): Wannan shine lokacin da wani gudan jini ya fito a cikin jijiyoyin da ke cikin jiki. Abu mafi haɗari shine idan wannan gudan jini ya fashe ya ratsa ta cikin jinin kuma ya makale a cikin huhu (Pulmonary Embolism), zai iya zama mai kisa.
• Cutar jijiyoyin gefe (PAD):Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da jijiyoyin jini da ke ɗauke da jini zuwa hannaye musamman ƙafafu suka toshe. Wannan yana haifar da matsaloli kamar radadi a ƙafafu yayin tafiya da raunuka waɗanda ba sa warkewa.

Me ke faruwa kafin a yi tiyatar?

Kafin ka yi wannan irin tiyata, likitanka zai yi maka magana a hankali game da tarihin lafiyarka da kuma lafiyarka ta yanzu. Sannan zai yi maka gwajin jiki, kuma idan ya cancanta, ya yi odar gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Duban dan tayi (ultrasound scan): Yana amfani da raƙuman sauti don duba kwararar jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini da kuma ganin ko akwai toshewar jini.
• Angiography: Ana saka fenti na musamman a cikin jijiyoyin jini kuma ana ɗaukar hotunan X-ray. Wannan zai iya nuna a sarari yadda jijiyoyin jini suke da ƙunci da kuma inda suke.
• CT scan da MRI scan: Waɗannan na iya samar da hotuna masu girma uku na jijiyoyin jini da kyallen da ke kewaye.
• ECG da Echocardiogram: Ana amfani da waɗannan don duba aikin zuciya.
• Ma'aunin ƙashin ƙafa da ƙafa (ABI): Gwaji mai sauƙi wanda ke aunawa da kwatanta hawan jini a ƙafafu da hannaye don tantance ko akwai raguwar kwararar jini zuwa ƙafafu.

Wadanne nau'ikan tiyatar endovascular ne ake da su?

Dangane da yanayinka, likitanka zai iya amfani da nau'ikan jiyya daban-daban na jijiyoyin jini. Bari mu duba kaɗan daga cikinsu.

Menene fa'idodi da haɗarin wannan hanyar?

Kamar kowace irin maganin likita, wannan yana da fa'idodi da haɗari.

Fa'idodi

Babban fa'idar hanyar endovascular ita ce murmurewa cikin sauri . Tunda babu babban yankewa, akwai ƙarancin lalacewa ga jiki. Don haka dole ne ku zauna a asibiti na ɗan lokaci, rage zafi, kuma za ku iya komawa rayuwa ta yau da kullun cikin sauri.

Haɗari/Matsaloli

Duk da cewa wannan tiyatar gabaɗaya tana da aminci sosai, ƙananan haɗari na iya faruwa.

• Zubar jini daga wurin da aka saka catheter.
• Lalacewa ga jijiyoyin jini yayin magani.
• Rarraba bangon jijiyoyin jini.
• Samar da sabon gudan jini (Thrombosis) a wurin da aka yi wa magani.
• Ba kasafai ake samun tasirin koda ba (saboda nau'in rini da aka yi amfani da shi).

Hadarin faruwar irin waɗannan abubuwa ba shi da yawa, kuma ƙungiyar likitoci masu ƙwarewa koyaushe a shirye suke don magance irin wannan yanayi idan ya taso.

Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita nan da nan bayan tiyata?

Idan ka koma gida bayan tiyata, kana buƙatar kula da jikinka sosai. Yawanci, za ka iya komawa ayyukanka na yau da kullun bayan kimanin wata guda. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci ka yi magana da likitanka game da wannan kuma ka nemi shawara. Haka kuma, ya kamata ka je a yi maka gwaje-gwaje na gaba a ranar da aka tsara.

Idan ka fuskanci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun, kada ka yi jinkiri ka sanar da likitanka nan da nan ko ka je Sashen Gaggawa (ETU) na asibiti mafi kusa.