Duk muna jin tsoro kaɗan idan muka ga iyayenmu da dattawanmu suna rasa ƙwaƙwalwarsu a hankali yayin da suke tsufa. "Shin wannan ne farkon cutar Alzheimer?" Tambayar tana cikin zukatanmu. Har zuwa yanzu, ana gano cutar Alzheimer ta hanyar bincika ƙwaƙwalwar mutum da kuma neman alamu kamar canje-canjen hali. Amma yanzu, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun likitoci da suka shahara a duniya sun fito da babban shawara don canza wannan tsarin. Sun ce maimakon jiran alamun su bayyana, ya kamata mu yi amfani da shaidar halitta a jiki don gano wannan cuta kafin ta faru.
Me yasa ake buƙatar irin wannan sabon tsarin?
Wataƙila kana tunanin, "Me yasa za a canza wannan tsarin? Akwai wani abu da ba daidai ba game da tsarin yanzu?" A zahiri, tsarin yanzu yana gano cutar ne kawai bayan an sami ɗan lalacewa a kwakwalwa kuma tasirinta ya fara bayyana a matsayin alamu. Wannan yana nufin lokaci ya yi da za a gano cutar.
Amma wannan shine babban ra'ayin wannan sabon shawara.
Ya kamata a fayyace cutar Alzheimer ta hanyar ilimin halitta, ba bisa ga alamunta ba.
A taƙaice dai, kamar yadda mai bincike ke neman alamu kafin a aikata laifi, manufar ita ce a gano canje-canje a jiki kafin alamun su bayyana kuma a gano cutar. Dalilin haka shi ne, tare da ci gaban da aka samu kwanan nan a kimiyyar likitanci, an ƙirƙiro sabbin hanyoyin gwaji waɗanda za su iya gano irin waɗannan alamun halittu. Wannan yana ba marasa lafiya damar sanin yanayinsu tun da wuri, su yanke shawara game da rayuwarsu daidai da haka, kuma su nemi magani da wuri. Haka kuma, wani lokacin akwai wasu cututtuka da ke nuna alamun kama da cutar Alzheimer. Godiya ga wannan sabuwar hanyar, yana da sauƙi ga likitoci su gane ko da gaske cutar Alzheimer ce ko wata cuta.
Menene waɗannan alamomin halitta?
Idan ka ji kalmar " biomarkers ," za ka iya tunanin kalma ce mai girma da rikitarwa. Amma a zahiri abu ne mai sauƙi. Ka yi tunanin jikinmu a matsayin motoci. Idan wani abu ya fara yin kuskure da injin motar, wani lokacin hasken gargaɗi yana kunne a kan dashboard, ko ba haka ba? Hakazalika, idan wani abu ya fara yin kuskure a jikinmu, muna ganin alamunsa a cikin jininmu, ruwan cerebrospinal, ko wasu kyallen takarda. Wannan shine abin da muke kira biomarkers.
Idan ana maganar cutar Alzheimer, akwai manyan alamomi guda biyu.
1. Sunadaran Beta-amyloid: Waɗannan suna taruwa a cikin kwakwalwa kuma suna samar da ƙananan dunƙule (plaques).
2. Sunadaran Tau: Waɗannan suna taruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa kuma suna yin tarko.
Har zuwa yanzu, hanya ɗaya tilo da za a iya gano kasancewar waɗannan sunadaran daidai ita ce ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen kwakwalwa na musamman (kuma masu tsada). Amma yanzu, an ƙirƙiro sabbin gwaje-gwajen jini waɗanda za su iya auna matakan waɗannan sunadaran cikin sauƙi. Wannan ita ce babbar nasara a cikin wannan shawara.
Tsarin tsari kamar na ciwon daji
Wataƙila kun ji labarin cutar kansa. Bayan an gano cutar kansa, likitoci sun rarraba ta zuwa matakai kamar "Mataki na 1" da "Mataki na 2." Wannan yana bai wa majiyyaci da waɗanda ke yi masa magani fahimtar tsananin cutar da kuma yadda ta yaɗu.
Yanzu haka, waɗannan ƙwararru suna ba da shawarar gabatar da irin wannan tsarin tantance cutar Alzheimer. A cewar wannan tsarin, an rarraba majiyyaci zuwa matakai 0 zuwa 6. Wannan rarrabuwar ta dogara ne akan kasancewar alamomin da aka ambata a sama, da kuma canje-canjen fahimta a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa da hali. Wannan zai ba majiyyaci da iyali damar fahimtar matakin cutar da suke.
Ta yaya wannan sabon tsarin mai matakai yake aiki?
Har yanzu ana ci gaba da tattaunawa kan wannan tsarin da aka tsara, amma kamar yadda yake a yanzu, rarrabuwar matakai kamar haka.
| Matakin mataki | Ma'ana da bayanin |
|---|---|
| Mataki na 0 | Waɗannan mutanen ba su da wata alama, babu alamun cutar, amma suna da kwayoyin halitta da ke sanya su cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Alzheimer a nan gaba (misali, mutanen da ke fama da cutar Down syndrome). |
| Mataki na 1 | Waɗannan mutanen kuma ba su da wata alama . Ƙwaƙwalwarsu tana da kyau. Amma suna gano cewa suna da alamun cutar Alzheimer yayin gwajin jini ko ɗaukar hoto. |
| Mataki na 2 | Akwai kuma alamun halittu masu nuna alama, da kuma ƙwaƙwalwa, hali, da tunani.Sauye-sauye masu sauƙi sun fara faruwa. Waɗannan ƙila ba za su yi wani babban tasiri ga ayyukan yau da kullum ba. |
| Mataki na 3 | Wannan yayi kama da abin da muke kira "Matsakaicin Fahimta." Alamomin kamar rashin tunawa suna bayyana sosai. |
| Matakai na 4, 5, 6 | Waɗannan matakai uku suna kama da abin da muke kira ciwon hauka mai sauƙi, matsakaici, da kuma mai tsanani a yanzu. Alamomin cutar a bayyane suke, kuma yana zama da wahala a yi ayyukan yau da kullun. |
Akwai fa'idodi da ƙalubale ga wannan hanyar.
Babban fa'idar wannan sabuwar hanyar ita ce tana iya gano cutar da wuri . Saboda haka, waɗanda ke cikin wannan matakin farko za su iya cin gajiyar sabbin magunguna.
Amma akwai babban ƙalubale da kuma cece-kuce mai yawa. Ka yi tunanin idan za ka gaya wa mutum mai lafiya, ba tare da mantuwa ko alamun cutar ba, kawai ta hanyar duba sakamakon gwajin jini ka ce, "Kana da cutar Alzheimer a matakin farko," me zai faru? Ta yaya hakan zai shafi lafiyar kwakwalwar mutumin, manufofin inshorarsa, da kuma aikinsa? Wannan wani abu ne da har ma wasu kwararrun likitoci ke tambaya. Saboda haka, idan aka bayar da irin wannan ganewar, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a bai wa majiyyaci shawara mai kyau a lokaci guda. Har yanzu ana ta muhawara kan wannan a tsakanin masana.
Duk da haka, wannan shawara ta nuna cewa muna gab da yin babban ci gaba a fannin gano cutar Alzheimer da kuma magance ta.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Masana sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyoyin gano cutar Alzheimer wajen gano alamun cutar, maimakon a yi amfani da alamun cutar.
- Babban burin wannan shine a gano cutar kafin bayyanar alamun cutar da kuma samar da damar yin magani da wuri.
- Kamar ciwon daji, an gabatar da shawarar gabatar da tsarin tsara cutar Alzheimer daga mataki na 0 zuwa 6.
- Har yanzu akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban tsakanin kwararru game da ikon gano "Mataki na 1 na Alzheimer" idan mutum bai nuna alamun cutar ba, amma yana da alamun cutar.
- Duk da cewa duk waɗannan suna kan matakin ba da shawara, idan aka aiwatar da su a nan gaba, za su iya kawo babban canji a kula da cutar Alzheimer. Idan kai ko wani na kusa da kai yana da matsalar ƙwaƙwalwa, yana da mahimmanci ka yi magana da likitanka game da hakan.
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