Cutar da ke shafar ƙananan jijiyoyin jini a cikin zuciya? Bari mu yi magana game da (Cutar Zuciyar Microvascular)

Shin wani lokacin kana jin wani irin ciwo ko kuma jin matsewar ƙirjinka? Idan hakan ta faru, sai mu tsorata mu je ganin likita. Ko da bayan mun yi gwaje-gwaje kamar ECG da scan, likitan ya ce, "Babu toshewar manyan jijiyoyin jini na zuciya." Sannan za mu iya tunanin, "To me yasa wannan ciwon ƙirji yake?" A gaskiya ma, wani lokacin dalilin hakan ba manyan jijiyoyin jini na zuciya ba ne, amma ƙananan jijiyoyin jini ne da suka rabu da su. Wannan shine yanayin da muke magana a kai a yau, 'Ciwon Zuciyar da ke Ƙara Jini' ko 'Ciwon Ƙarƙashin Jini'.

Menene Cutar Zuciya Mai Sauƙi (Microvascular Coronary Disease)?

A taƙaice dai, wannan cuta ce da ke shafar ƙananan jijiyoyin jini a cikin zuciyarmu. Ka yi tunanin zuciyarmu kamar babban birni. Wannan birni yana da manyan hanyoyi (waɗannan su ne manyan jijiyoyin zuciya) waɗanda ke samar da jini da iskar oxygen. Amma don sauka daga waɗannan manyan hanyoyi da kuma zuwa kowane gida da siyayya a cikin birni, kuna buƙatar ƙananan hanyoyi na gefe, hanyoyin dutse masu duwatsu, ko ba haka ba? Haka nan, kowace ƙaramar ƙwayar halitta a cikin tsokoki na zuciyarmu ana kawo jini, iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyin jini masu kyau, waɗanda ba su fi gashin gashi kauri ba. Wannan shine abin da muke kira `(ƙwayar cutar coronary microvasculature)`.

A cikin wani yanayi da ake kira 'Microvascular Coronary Disease', duk da cewa waɗannan manyan hanyoyin suna cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, waɗannan ƙananan hanyoyin sun lalace kuma ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata. Sannan tsokar zuciya ba ta samun iskar oxygen da abinci mai gina jiki da take buƙata.

Akwai wasu sunaye da dama da ake amfani da su don wannan yanayin. Likitanka zai iya amfani da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan sunaye:

• Ƙananan cututtukan jijiyoyi
• Cutar ƙananan jijiyoyin jini
• Ciwon Zuciya X
• Cutar Microvessel
• Ciwon zuciya mara toshewa

Ta yaya wannan ya bambanta da cututtukan zuciya na yau da kullun (Cutar Jijiyoyin Zuciya)?

Mutane da yawa suna rikitar da waɗannan cututtukan biyu saboda waɗannan cututtukan guda biyu suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon zuciya. Duk da haka, aikin su biyun ya bambanta gaba ɗaya. Bari mu fahimci wannan bambanci a sarari.

Wanene ya fi fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da wannan yanayin?

Wannan yanayin ya fi yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza, musamman a lokacin da kuma bayan daina al'ada, lokacin da matakan estrogen a jiki ke raguwa.

Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ke da waɗannan suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cuta:

• Ciwon suga .
• Hawan jini .
• Yawan cholesterol a cikin jini .
• Kiba da ƙaruwar nauyi.
• Shan taba .
• Rayuwa mai zaman kashe wando ba tare da motsa jiki ba .
• Cin gishiri da yawa, kitse mai yawa, da abinci da aka sarrafa .
• Samun cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki kamar lupus ko rheumatoid arthritis.

Me yasa wannan cuta ke faruwa?

A cikin zuciya mai lafiya, tsokoki masu laushi a bangon waɗannan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini suna sarrafa kwararar jini ta hanyar yin aiki da kuma shakatawa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Misali, lokacin da muke motsa jiki, zuciya tana buƙatar ƙarin jini, don haka waɗannan jijiyoyin suna faɗaɗa kuma suna fitar da ƙarin jini. Idan muka huta, suna komawa matsayinsu na yau da kullun.

Amma idan aka yi la'akari da cutar "Microvascular Coronary Disease", bangon ciki na waɗannan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini sun lalace. Wannan lalacewar tana kawo cikas ga aikinsu. Wani lokaci waɗannan hanyoyin na iya yin ƙunci ba zato ba tsammani (spasms). Sannan jinin da ke shiga tsokar zuciya ya lalace ba zato ba tsammani, yana haifar da alamu kamar ciwon ƙirji.

Mene ne alamun wannan cuta?

Babban kuma mafi yawan alamun wannan cuta shine ciwon ƙirji da ake kira angina . Duk da haka, wannan ciwon na iya ɗan bambanta da ciwon da ke faruwa a cikin cututtukan zuciya na yau da kullun.

• Yawanci yana ɗaukar minti 10 ko fiye .
• Wannan ciwon na iya faruwa a lokacin motsa jiki da kuma lokacin hutawa .
• Ciwo na iya ƙaruwa idan akwai damuwa ta hankali .
• Ga wasu mutane, wannan ciwon yana sa ya yi musu wahala su ma yi ayyukan yau da kullum yadda ya kamata.

Baya ga wannan ciwon ƙirji, wasu alamu na iya faruwa:

• Rashin numfashi da wahalar numfashi .
• Gajiya mai yawa ba tare da wani dalili ba .
• Matsalolin barci, gami da rashin barci .

Yadda ake gane cutar daidai?

Gaskiya ne, gano wannan cuta na iya zama ɗan ƙalubale domin waɗannan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini sun yi ƙanƙanta da ba za a iya gani ba ta hanyar gwajin zuciya na yau da kullun. Don haka, idan kuna da waɗannan alamun, ya fi kyau ku ga likitan zuciya wanda ya ƙware a irin waɗannan nau'ikan cututtuka.

Gwajin da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin gwaji na zinare don gano wannan cuta gwaji ne na musamman da ake kira 'Cardiac catheterization with coronary flow reserve (CFR).' Wannan yana auna yadda waɗannan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini za su iya faɗaɗa da kuma samar da ƙarin jini ga buƙatun jiki.

Bugu da ƙari, likita zai iya ba da shawarar wasu gwaje-gwaje da dama:

• Gwajin damuwa na zuciya ta nukiliya (PET scan)
• MRI na zuciya tare da perfusion

Menene hanyoyin magance wannan?

Babban burin magani shine inganta aikin jijiyoyin jini, rage alamun cutar, da kuma rage haɗarin rikitarwa kamar bugun zuciya. Likitan ku zai iya rubuta muku magunguna da dama don taimaka muku yin hakan.

• Masu hana Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE): suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa hawan jini ta hanyar faɗaɗa tasoshin jini.
• Magungunan hana zubar jini: Magungunan da ke hana zubar jini.
• Aspirin: Yana hana platelets na jini mannewa tare kuma yana rage samuwar gudan jini.
• Beta-blockers: Kula da bugun zuciya da rage hawan jini.
• Masu toshe hanyoyin calcium: Sake kwantar da tsokoki a cikin jijiyoyin jini, yana faɗaɗa su.
• Magungunan rage kiba: Cire ruwa da gishiri da yawa daga jiki, yana rage hawan jini.
• Statins: Magungunan da ke rage yawan cholesterol a jini.

Me ya kamata mu yi don hana da kuma shawo kan cutar?

Tare da magunguna, canje-canje masu kyau a rayuwarmu suna da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen shawo kan wannan cuta.

• Bi tsarin cin abinci mai kyau ga zuciya: Rage gishiri, mai, sukari, da abincin da aka sarrafa, sannan a ci kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, wake, da kuma abinci mai wadataccen fiber.
• Motsa jiki akai-akai: Ka samu akalla mintuna 30 na motsa jiki a rana, kamar tafiya ko gudu. Idan kai sabon shiga ne a motsa jiki, ka yi magana da likitanka kuma ka yi la'akari da shirin gyaran zuciya idan ya cancanta.
• Kiyaye nauyin jiki mai kyau.
• A kiyaye hawan jini da sukari a cikin iyakar da ta dace.
• Idan kana shan taba, ka daina shan taba gaba daya.

Game da rayuwa da wannan cuta

Amfani da magunguna da yawa da kuma yin canje-canje a salon rayuwa irin wannan na iya zama da ɗan wahala da farko. Wasu magunguna na iya haifar da illa kamar jiri.

Haka kuma yana da matuƙar amfani a rubuta tarihin alamun cutar da hawan jini, domin hakan zai taimaka wa likitanka ya fahimci yanayin lafiyarka sosai kuma ya daidaita maganinka yadda ya kamata.