Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa ua luhi loa a make ke ola me ke kumu ʻole? A i ʻole he ʻeha nā ʻiʻo a me ke kani ʻana o kou mau wāwae ʻoiai ʻoe e kū wale ana? Hoʻopoina pinepine mākou i kēia mau mea, me ka manaʻo he mea maʻamau lākou. Akā i kekahi manawa aia paha kahi pilikia olakino ma hope o kēia mau hōʻailona liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike. ʻO kekahi o ia mau pilikia ka emi ʻana o ka pae o ka potassium, kahi mineral koʻikoʻi i loko o ko mākou kino. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia ʻano he hypokalemia . Mai makaʻu ke lohe ʻoe i ka inoa. He ʻano maʻamau loa kēia. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia me ka maʻalahi a ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka hypokalemia?
E noʻonoʻo i ko kākou kino e like me kahi mīkini paʻakikī i hoʻohana ʻia e kahi pila. Pono kēia mīkini i ka uila e hana pono ai. Pēlā nō, he mea nui ka potassium no nā ʻāpana, nā aʻalolo, nā ʻiʻo, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ko kākou puʻuwai e hana pono ai.
He electrolyte ka Potassium. ʻO ia hoʻi, he mineral ia, i ka wā e hui pū ʻia me nā wai e like me ka wai i loko o ko kākou kino, e hana i kahi uku uila liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona uila ka mea e kōkua ai i ko kākou mau aʻalolo e hoʻouna i nā leka, e ʻūmiʻi nā ʻiʻo (e kaomi), a e kuʻi ko kākou puʻuwai ma ke ʻano kūpono.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka pae potassium i loko o ke koko o kahi pākeke olakino ma waena o 3.5 a me 5.2 millimoles no ka lita (mmol/L). Inā hāʻule kēia pae ma lalo o 3.5 no kekahi kumu, kapa mākou ia he hypokalemia. Inā hāʻule kēia waiwai ma lalo o 3.0, manaʻo mākou he ʻano koʻikoʻi iki ia.
Loaʻa i ko kākou kino ka potassium e pono ai mai ka meaʻai a kākou e ʻai ai. Kānana ko kākou mau puʻupaʻa i ka potassium keu ma o ka mimi, e mālama ana i ka pae kūpono no ko kākou kino. Akā hoʻomaka nā pilikia ke hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia kaulike.
No ke aha e nalowale ai ka potassium i ko mākou kino? He aha nā kumu?
ʻAʻohe kumu hoʻokahi no ka haʻahaʻa o ka potassium, akā he nui nā kumu e hiki ke hoʻopilikia iā ia. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻo ke kumu nui o kēia ka hoʻokuʻu nui ʻia ʻana o ka potassium ma o ke ala ʻai (nā ʻōpū). Akā aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe ma waho aʻe o kēlā. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o kēia mau kumu me ke kōkua o kahi papa.
| ʻO ka māhele e pili ana ke kumu | Ka wehewehe a me nā laʻana |
|---|---|
| Puka mai ke kahawai ʻai | ʻO ka luaʻi pinepine ʻana, ka maʻi pākī mau (ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū), a i ʻole ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā laxatives ( laxatives ) hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nalowale ʻana o ka nui o ka potassium mai ke kino. |
| Kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau | Hiki i kekahi mau diuretics, ʻoiai nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ke hoʻopuka i ka potassium keu i loko o ka mimi. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka insulin, kekahi mau lāʻau hānō, a me nā corticosteroids ke loaʻa ka hopena. |
| Nā maʻi e pili ana i ka puʻupaʻa | ʻO nā maʻi kuni genetic laha ʻole e like me ka maʻi kuni mau loa a me ka maʻi Bartter ke kumu o ka hiki ʻole i nā puʻupaʻa ke hoʻoponopono pono i ka potassium. |
| Nā kumu o ke ola a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe | Nā maʻi ʻai e like me ka hou nui ʻana (hyperhidrosis), ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka waiʻona, a me ka bulimia nervosa. |
| Nā Hormones a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe | ʻO nā maʻi kelepa adrenal e like me ka Cushing's syndrome a me nā pae magnesium haʻahaʻa i ke kino (hypomagnesemia) hiki ke hana i nā pae potassium haʻahaʻa. |
| ʻAi | He mea kākaʻikahi loa kēia, akā hiki ke hana i loko o kekahi kanaka i ʻai ʻole i nā meaʻai i loaʻa ka potassium no ka manawa lōʻihi. |
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka haʻahaʻa o ka potassium?
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o kou pae potassium. I kekahi manawa, ke haʻahaʻa iki kou pae potassium, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona. Eia nō naʻe, i ka emi ʻana o nā pae, hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona e ʻike ʻia.
Ke haʻahaʻa iki nā pae potassium (Mild Hypokalemia)
ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau e ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa:
- Ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpū:Hiki ke loaʻa ka paʻa ʻana ma muli o ka hana ʻole o ka ʻōpū.
- Nā palpitations o ka puʻuwai: Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i kou puʻuwai e wikiwiki a wikiwiki paha, a i ʻole e loli paha kou mele.
- Luhi: Manaʻo luhi ʻoe me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui o kāu hiamoe ʻana.
- Ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻūmiʻi: Manaʻo nā lālā he ola ʻole, a i kekahi manawa e ʻoniʻoni paha nā ʻiʻo me he mea lā e kiola ʻia ana he pōpō.
- ʻUʻuku a me ka ʻūlū: Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i kahi ʻūlū ma kou mau lālā.
Ke haʻahaʻa loa nā pae potassium (Severe Hypokalemia)
He kūlana kēia e pono ai ke akahele. I kēia manawa, hiki i nā hōʻailona i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona hou.
- ʻŪlili a me ke kuʻi ʻana o nā ʻiʻo: ʻŪlili pinepine a me ka ʻeha nā ʻiʻo.
- Paralysis: I nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa, hiki ke oki loa ka hana a nā ʻiʻo, e hopena ai i kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka paralysis.
- Hypotension: Hiki i ke koko haʻahaʻa ke hoʻoulu i ka poniuniu a i ʻole ke poʻo māmā i ke kū ʻana.
- Nā ʻano ʻino koʻikoʻi o ka puʻuwai (Arrhythmias): Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano puʻuwai maʻamau ʻole i hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola ma muli o ka hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻana o ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai.
- Ka mimi pinepine ʻana (Polyuria) a me ka makewai nui (Polydipsia): Hana pinepine ka mimi ʻana no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā puʻupaʻa ke hoʻopaʻa i ka mimi, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka makewai nui.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ʻoiai nā loli i ka helu o kou puʻuwai a i ʻole ka nāwaliwali nui o nā ʻiʻo, mai hoʻonele i ka manawa a e ʻike koke i ke kauka.
Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i kēia, e Kauka?
Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i kāu kauka, e nīnau ʻo ia iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona, e nānā iā ʻoe, a kauoha i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i ka maʻi a loaʻa ke kumu o kāu hypokalemia.
1. Hoʻāʻo koko: ʻO kēia ka hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi loa. Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana o kou koko a ana ʻia ka pae pololei o ka potassium. Nānā pū ia i ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa a me ke kaulike o nā electrolytes ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kino.
2. Hoʻāʻo mimi: Inā ʻaʻole maopopo ke kumu o ka potassium haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo mimi e ana i ka nui o ka potassium i loko o kāu mimi. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā nui loa ka potassium e hoʻokuʻu ana kou mau puʻupaʻa a i ʻole he kumu ʻē aʻe.
3. Hoʻāʻo ECG (Electrocardiogram):Ma muli o ka hoʻopilikia pololei ʻana o ka pae potassium haʻahaʻa i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai, hoʻoholo pū ke kauka e lawe i kahi ECG e nānā i kekahi mau mea ʻino i loko o ka puʻuwai.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka haʻahaʻa o kou pae potassium a me ke koʻikoʻi o kou mau hōʻailona.
- Inā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi loa ke kūlana: Inā haʻahaʻa iki kou pae potassium, e kuhikuhi kāu kauka i nā mea hoʻohui potassium e lawe ma ka waha. E aʻo pū ʻo ia iā ʻoe e ʻai i nā meaʻai waiwai i ka potassium.
- Inā koʻikoʻi ke kūlana: Eia nō naʻe, inā haʻahaʻa loa kou pae potassium, ua pilikia kou puʻuwai, a inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau waha ke hoʻihoʻi i kou pae i ka maʻamau, pono paha ʻoe e lawe ʻia i ka haukapila. Ma laila, pono paha ʻoe e hāʻawi ʻia i ka potassium intravenously me ka saline . Hiki i kēia ke hoʻihoʻi koke a palekana i kou pae potassium i ka maʻamau.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana kumu i hoʻoulu ai i nā pae potassium i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana iā lākou. No ka laʻana, inā ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pilikia e kahi diuretic āu e lawe nei, hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku e hoʻololi i kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau a hāʻawi paha iā ʻoe i nā mea hoʻohui potassium.
He aha kā mākou e hana ai e pale aku i ka nele o ka potassium?
ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke pale ʻana i kēia maʻi mai ka hanana ʻana. ʻO ka mea maʻalahi a maikaʻi loa hiki iā mākou ke hana no kēlā, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā meaʻai waiwai i ka potassium i kā mākou papaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā.
Eia kekahi mau meaʻai i waiwai i ka potassium:
- Hua: Maiʻa, avocado, ʻalani, tangerine, pomegerane, hua waina maloʻo
- Nā mea kanu: ʻUala, ʻuala, tōmato, spinach, kale, broccoli, beetroot
- Nā Legumes: nā pī, nā chickpeas, nā lentil, ka soy
- ʻĒ aʻe: Waiū a me nā huahana waiū (yogurt), iʻa (ʻoi aku ka salmon, trout), pīnati
Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia pono ma ka hoʻohui pinepine ʻana i ka maiʻa, ka ʻalani, a i ʻole ka salakeke ʻumeke i kā mākou papaʻaina maʻamau.
Eia kekahi, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka luaʻi mau a i ʻole ka maʻi diarrhea no nā lā ʻelua a ʻoi aku, mai noho ma ka home a ʻike koke i ke kauka. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano ke nalowale ka nui o ka potassium mai ke kino me ka wai. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i kēlā mau pilikia.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO ka Hypokalemia kahi kūlana kahi e hāʻule ai ka pae o ka potassium i loko o ke koko ma lalo o ka pae i koi ʻia. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia pololei i ka hana o ko mākou puʻuwai, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā aʻalolo.
- Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona e like me ka luhi hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia, ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, ka mae ʻana o ka hanu, a i ʻole ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpū, e makaʻala iā lākou. Mai hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou.
- ʻO ka luaʻi mau ʻana, ka maʻi pākī, kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (ʻoiai nā pila wai), a me nā maʻi puʻupaʻa paha ke kumu nui o kēia.
- ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau e komo pū me nā papa potassium a i ʻole, inā pono, ka potassium intravenous. He mea nui nō hoʻi e mālama i ke kumu kumu.
- E hoʻokomo i nā meaʻai waiwai i ka potassium e like me ka maiʻa, ka avocado, ka spinach, nā tōmato, a me nā ʻalani i kāu papaʻai maʻamau. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka luaʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi palahēhē e mau ana ma mua o 24-48 mau hola, e ʻike koke i kāu kauka.
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