Ua lohe kākou a pau i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole no nā maʻi like ʻole, ʻeā? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kahi papa lāʻau ʻokoʻa iki. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo 'Protease Inhibitors'. ʻAʻole paha ʻoe i lohe i kēia inoa, akā he mea nui kēia ʻano lāʻau no ka kaohi ʻana i nā maʻi viral koʻikoʻi e like me ka HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, a me COVID-19. No laila, e nānā kākou i kēia mau mea, pehea lākou e hana ai, a me nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana iā lākou.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia mau mea hoʻopale protease?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā mea hoʻopaʻa protease kahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi viral . ʻO kā lākou hana nui ka hoʻōki ʻana i kahi virus mai ka hana ʻana i nā kope o ia iho ke komo i loko o ko mākou kino, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke laha hou aku. ʻO kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke 'ākea' nei i ka laha ʻana o ka virus.
ʻO kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia he lāʻau antiretroviral i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi HIV/AIDS. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia e mālama i ka maʻi hepatitis C a me COVID-19.
I kekahi manawa hāʻawi wale ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻopale protease (monotherapy). Akā i ka hapa nui o nā hihia, hāʻawi ʻia lākou me ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau antiviral ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia kēia e hoʻonui i ka pono o ka lāʻau. I kēia hihia, ua kapa ʻia lākou he "booster".
He aha nā kūlana nui i mālama ʻia me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?
Ua ʻae ʻia kahi papa o nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo nā protease inhibitors e mālama i kekahi mau maʻi viral kikoʻī. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou.
| Kūlana olakino | Pehea e hoʻohana ai |
|---|---|
| HIV/AIDS | I ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV, hāʻawi wale nā kauka i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole i loko o kahi "cocktail" me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau he antiretroviral therapy (ART) . I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia lākou e pale aku i ka maʻi ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi (post-exposure prophylaxis). |
| Hepatitis C | Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa protease ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau antiviral e hoʻōla loa i ka maʻi hepatitis C. |
| COVID-19 | Paipai nā kauka i ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua mau mea hoʻopaʻa protease (e like me Paxlovid®) e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi COVID-19. |
Pehea e hana ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?
I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i kēia, e lawe kākou i kahi laʻana liʻiliʻi. E noʻonoʻo he hale hana kahi virus e hana ana i kahi kaulahao lōʻihi o nā protein. No ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia kaulahao lōʻihi no ka hana, pono e ʻoki ʻia i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a hana pono. ʻO nā 'ʻūmi' kūikawā a ka virus e hoʻohana ai no kēia ʻoki ʻana he mau enzymes i kapa ʻia ʻo 'proteases' .
No laila, ʻo ka hana a kahi papa o nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Protease Inhibitors' ʻo ia ke hoʻōki i ka hana o kēlā mau 'ʻokiʻoki'. Ua like ia me ka ʻokiʻoki blunt. A laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka virus ke ʻoki i nā ʻāpana protein e pono ai. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki i ka virus ke hana i nā kope hou o ia iho a hoʻopili i kā mākou mau cell.
He aha nā ʻano o nā mea hoʻopale protease?
Ma muli o kēlā me kēia maʻi i kāna enzyme protease ponoʻī, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻopaʻa protease like ʻole e mālama i ka maʻi HIV, hepatitis C, a me COVID-19. Aia kekahi ala maʻalahi e ʻike ai iā lākou.
- ʻO ka inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi HIV e pau pinepine i ka "-navir" .
- ʻO ka inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hepatitis C e pau pinepine i ka "-previr" .
Nā mea hoʻopaʻa protease no ka maʻi HIV
Ke ālai nei kēia i ka enzyme protease i kapa ʻia ʻo HIV-PR, ka mea a ka maʻi HIV e hoʻohana ai e hana i nā kope o ia iho.
- ʻAtazanavir
- ʻO Darunavir
- ʻO Fosamprenavir
- ʻIninavir
- Lopinavir
- ʻO Nelfinavir
- ʻO Ritonavir
- ʻO Saquinavir
- ʻO Tipranavir
Nā mea hoʻopaʻa protease no ka maʻi hepatitis C
Hoʻopale kēia i kahi enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo NS3/4A serine protease, ka mea a ka maʻi hepatitis C e hoʻohana ai e hana i nā kope o ia iho.
- ʻO Boceprevir
- ʻO Glecaprevir
- ʻO Grazoprevir
- ʻO Paritaprevir
- ʻO Simeprevir
- ʻO Telaprevir
Nā mea hoʻopaʻa protease no COVID-19
ʻO Paxlovid® ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua mau mea hoʻopaʻa protease, ʻo nirmatrelvir lāua ʻo ritonavir, i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama iā COVID-19.
Pehea e koho ai au i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono noʻu?
I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe i ka mea e hiki ai i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana noʻu.ʻO kāu kauka wale nō ke hoʻoholo. E noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i kekahi mau mea i ke koho ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa nāu.
- He aha ka maʻi viral kūikawā āu e loaʻa nei?
- Kou olakino holoʻokoʻa a me nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe āu e loaʻa ai (e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi puʻuwai).
- He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei (no ka mea, aia paha he pilina ma waena o kēia mau mea).
- Ua lawe mua ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe no kēia maʻi?
- ʻO ka holomua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe.
- E pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā pilikia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
No laila, he mea nui loa e wehewehe pono i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau āu e lawe nei a me nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe āu i loaʻa ai ke kipa aku ʻoe i kāu kauka. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi.
He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pono o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau?
E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao i nā mea hoʻopaʻa protease.
Nā pono nui
- Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ART no kekahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV, kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi HIV i loko o ke kino i kahi pae hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia.
- Kōkua i ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka maʻi hepatitis C.
- Kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka lilo ʻana o ka maʻi COVID-19 i mea koʻikoʻi.
Nā hopena ʻaoʻao hiki ke loaʻa
Aia nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ka lāʻau āu e lawe nei, nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei, a me kou kūlana olakino. He mea nui e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia a e noho mākaukau.
| ʻAno o ka hopena ʻaoʻao | Nā Laʻana |
|---|---|
| Nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ʻike pinepine ʻia | |
| Nā pilikia maʻamau | ʻEha ʻōpū, nausea a me ka luaʻi ʻana, ka maʻi pākīkī |
| ʻŌhū ʻili | |
| ʻŪhū, luhi, ʻono ʻē i ka waha | |
| Nā pōhaku puʻupaʻa | |
| Nā loli i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka momona o ke kino (lipodystrophy) | |
| Nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi e pono ai ka nānā koke ʻana | |
| Nā pilikia koʻikoʻi | Ka hōʻino ʻana o ke akepaʻa, ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i loko |
| ʻO ka maʻi ʻili koʻikoʻi me nā ʻulaʻula ʻeha a pehu (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) | |
| Kiʻekiʻe ke kō koko (hyperglycemia), kiʻekiʻe ka cholesterol (hyperlipidemia) | |
| Hoʻouka puʻuwai (myocardial infarction), nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana uila o ka puʻuwai | |
He aha kaʻu e hana ai e maʻalahi ai ka mālama ʻana?
ʻOiai e hana ʻia ana kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hōʻemi i kekahi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao a maʻalahi ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
- E lawe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka, i ka manawa kūpono, ma ka nui kūpono. Mai hōʻalo i hoʻokahi mahele lāʻau.
- E inu i ka wai he nui. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i ka hopena ma nā puʻupaʻa.
- E pale i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e launa pū paha me kāu lāʻau lapaʻau. E nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia.
- Hana maikaʻi kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke lawe ʻia me ka meaʻai . Pono kekahi i nā meaʻai momona. E nīnau i kāu kauka pehea e lawe ai i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau a hahai i kēlā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole he mau hopohopo e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana, e kelepona koke aku i kāu kauka.
ʻO ke ʻano kūikawā, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi ma lalo nei, e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole a i ʻole e hele i ka haukapila kokoke loa i ka Emergency Department (ETU).
- kuni
- Ka huikau a i ʻole nā loli noʻonoʻo
- Melemele o ka ʻili a i ʻole nā maka (jaundice)
- ʻŌhū, ʻeha, a laha paha ka ʻōpala
- ʻEha nui o ka ʻōpū
- Luaʻi nui
Leka Lawe-Home
- He papa lāʻau ikaika loa nā mea hoʻopaʻa protease i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi viral e like me ka HIV, hepatitis C, a me COVID-19.
- Hoʻōki kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maʻi (hana kope ʻana) i loko o ke kino.
- Pono e lawe ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo o ke kuhikuhi a ke kauka wale nō . He mea nui loa ia e hahai pono i ka nui a me ka manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia e ke kauka.
- Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao, mai ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole iki a i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, e ʻike koke i ke kauka.
- ʻAʻole ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻololi paha i ka dosage me ka ʻole o ke aʻoaʻo lapaʻau no kekahi kumu.
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