Cia peb kawm txog kev kuaj PCR yooj yim xwb, ib yam li los ntawm ib tug phooj ywg!

Tej zaum koj yuav nco ntsoov tias thaum muaj tus kab mob Covid-19 kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb, peb txhua tus tau tham txog kev kuaj PCR . Ib txhia neeg yuav tsum tau ntshai me ntsis, xav txog ib tug pas nrig uas muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ntswg? Tab sis qhov kev kuaj PCR no yog dab tsi tiag? Nws tsuas yog tuaj yeem nrhiav tau Covid-19 xwb? Tsis yog, PCR yog ib txoj kev kuaj tseem ceeb heev hauv kev kho mob uas pab tau ntau yam. Cia peb tham txog txhua yam no hnub no, yooj yim thiab meej, zoo li peb tab tom tham nrog ib tug phooj ywg zoo.

PCR yog dab tsi? Koj puas piav qhia tau me ntsis?

Hais yooj yim xwb, PCR yog ib lo lus luv rau Polymerase Chain Reaction . Nws yog siv los nrhiav cov khoom siv caj ces hauv peb lub cev, txawm yog DNA lossis RNA . Xav txog ib qho qauv me me uas coj los ntawm koj, nws yuav yog ib tee ntshav, lossis ib daim ntaub so ntswg los ntawm sab hauv ntawm koj lub qhov ntswg. Daim DNA lossis RNA me me ntawd hauv cov qauv ntawd raug coj mus thiab ntau lab, tej zaum ntau billions, ntawm cov ntawv theej tau ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua amplification , uas txhais tau tias "nce" lossis "multiplying." Nws zoo li ua ntau daim ntawv theej ntawm ib daim ntawv nrog lub tshuab luam ntawv.

Los ntawm kev ua ntau daim qauv zoo li no, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau cov kws tshawb fawb los kawm txog DNA lossis RNA hauv cov qauv me me thawj thiab saib seb puas muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb hauv nws. PCR koom nrog ib pawg ntawm kev kuaj hu ua Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) .

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus neeg tau hnov ​​​​lo lus PCR hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev kuaj Covid-19, cov thev naus laus zis no tau siv hauv kev kho mob ntev thiab yog ib txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev.

PCR tuaj yeem nrhiav tau dab tsi?

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb qhov kev kuaj PCR no tuaj yeem ntes tau yam dab tsi. Muaj ntau tus neeg xav tias nws tsuas yog rau COVID-19 xwb. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov tseeb. Saib seb:

• Cov kab mob sib kis: PCR tuaj yeem pab txiav txim seb qhov kub taub hau, mob khaub thuas, lossis hnoos uas koj muaj puas yog los ntawm tus kab mob , cov kab mob me me , cov pwm , lossis cov kab mob parasite . Piv txwv li:
• Tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 uas ua rau muaj COVID-19 (COVID-19) .
• Mob khaub thuas , qhov ntawd yog qhov peb feem ntau hu ua mob khaub thuas.
• Kab mob Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), uas feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam mos.
• Cov kab mob uas ua rau mob ntsws.
• Muaj ntau lwm yam kab mob viral thiab bacterial.
• Cov kab mob caj ces: Ib txhia neeg muaj cov kab mob caj ces uas tau los ntawm noob caj ces, puas yog? Cov kab mob zoo li ntawd, piv txwv li , Cystic Fibrosis.Daim PCR no kuj siv los kuaj mob xws li Huntington's Disease thiab Fragile X Syndrome . Cov no yog cov mob nyuaj heev, yog li kev kuaj pom thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev kho mob.
• Hom mob qog noj ntshav: Txoj kev no kuj pab txheeb xyuas qee hom mob qog noj ntshav, xws li lymphoma .
• Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv mob qog noj ntshav: Thaum kho tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav, qhov kev kuaj PCR no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntes tau cov kev hloov pauv / kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv cov hlwb qog noj ntshav ntawd. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau kev kho mob tsom mus rau kev siv los tsom mus rau cov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb ntawd. Qhov no yog kev nce qib loj hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.
• Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob yav tom ntej: Cov neeg uas muaj qee yam kev hloov pauv caj ces yuav muaj feem ntau dua los ntawm kev mob hnyav xws li mob qog noj ntshav yav tom ntej. PCR no kuj siv rau kev kuaj caj ces rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav . Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom paub ua ntej thiab hloov pauv txoj kev ua neej yog tias tsim nyog, lossis kom ceev faj los ntawm kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua.
• Kev kuaj ua ntej yug menyuam: PCR kuj tseem pab tau rau kev kuaj mob kom pom tias tus poj niam cev xeeb tub tus menyuam hauv plab puas muaj mob caj ces.

Tsis yog li no xwb, tej zaum koj twb tau pom hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, qhov twg cov pov thawj DNA, xws li cov plaub hau me me lossis cov ntshav uas pom ntawm qhov chaw ua txhaum cai, raug coj los siv los txheeb xyuas tus neeg ua txhaum cai. Cov chaw kuaj mob Forensic kuj siv cov thev naus laus zis PCR no los ua kom muaj DNA ntau ntxiv thiab ua cov kev kuaj mob.

Cov kev kuaj thiab cov txheej txheem twg uas siv cov thev naus laus zis PCR?

Cov thev naus laus zis PCR siv rau ntau txoj kev kuaj mob. Hom kev kuaj mob uas koj yuav tsum tau coj mus kuaj yuav nyob ntawm seb koj tab tom kuaj dab tsi. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:

• Kev kuaj ntshav: Yuav muab cov ntshav coj mus kuaj thiab siv PCR los kuaj cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab qee yam kab mob sib kis.
• Nasopharyngeal swab: Ib qho qauv hnoos qeev uas tau los ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub qhov ntswg lossis caj pas tuaj yeem siv los kuaj xyuas cov kab mob ua pa xws li mob khaub thuas (mob khaub thuas), COVID-19, thiab RSV. Qhov no yog qhov peb txhua tus tau ntsib thaum muaj COVID.
• Kev Kuaj Mob Genetic Ua Ntej Cog Qoob Loo (PGD) lossis Kev Kuaj Mob Genetic Ua Ntej Cog Qoob Loo (PGS): Thaum lub sijhawm In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) , ob peb lub qe ntawm cov menyuam hauv plab raug coj mus kuaj thiab kuaj seb puas muaj mob genetic ua ntej lawv cog rau hauv niam lub tsev menyuam. Feem ntau qhov no ua tiav ob peb hnub tom qab rho qe tawm.
• Kev kuaj amniocentesis:Thaum cev xeeb tub, siv me ntsis kua amniotic uas nyob ib puag ncig tus menyuam hauv plab los kuaj xyuas tus menyuam txoj kev xeeb tub los ntawm kev siv PCR. Qhov no yog kev kuaj uas tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ua.
• Kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav: Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv caj ces hauv cov hlwb qog noj ntshav (kev kuaj molecular), yuav muab ib qho qauv me me ntawm cov qog (kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav) lossis kev kuaj mob pob txha. Qhov no zoo li kev phais me me. Tom qab ntawd siv cov qauv los ua PCR los nrhiav kev hloov pauv caj ces.

Koj npaj li cas rau qhov kev xeem no?

Feem ntau, tsis tas yuav npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev kuaj PCR. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyob ntawm seb koj tab tom kuaj dab tsi thiab siv txoj kev twg los sau cov qauv. Piv txwv li, qee qhov kev kuaj ntshav yuav xav kom koj yoo mov ob peb teev ua ntej. Yog li, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nug koj tus kws kho mob lossis qhov chaw kuaj mob yog tias muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb uas koj xav tau ua.

PCR ua haujlwm li cas? Me ntsis kev tshawb fawb!

Qhov no yog ib zaj dab neeg txog kev tshawb fawb me ntsis, tab sis cia kuv piav qhia yooj yim. PCR ua dab tsi yog txheeb xyuas ib qho kab ke uas tshwj xeeb rau DNA uas koj xav nrhiav, uas yog, tshwj xeeb rau nws. Cov kab ke no yuav yog kev hloov pauv caj ces tshwj xeeb hauv mob qog noj ntshav, lossis nws yuav yog cov lej caj ces ntawm tus kab mob lossis cov kab mob me. Qhov no hu ua DNA lub hom phiaj .

Lub npe "Polymerase Chain Reaction" txhais tau hais tias yog cov txheej txheem uas muaj ntau daim qauv ntawm cov DNA uas xav tau (ua kom loj dua) hauv chav kuaj mob. Cov txheej txheem no siv cov enzyme hu ua DNA polymerase . Cov enzyme no ua cov qauv ntawm cov DNA uas xav tau, yog tias nws muaj nyob hauv cov qauv.

Qhov "kev sib txuas ntawm cov saw hlau" no tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj tov dhau ntau lub voj voog ntawm kev cua sov thiab txias. Hauv ib lub voj voog, qhov ntau ntawm DNA tuaj yeem ob npaug. Xav txog nws li ib mus rau ob, ob mus rau plaub, plaub mus rau yim ... thiab lwm yam, thaum kawg ua ntau lab daim ntawv theej. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov no yog tias PCR tuaj yeem ntes tau txawm tias me me ntawm DNA lossis RNA uas lwm yam kev kuaj yuav tsis pom.

Feem ntau, tom qab ua PCR tiav lawm, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum ua ntau qhov kev sim ntxiv los tshuaj xyuas cov DNA uas tau nthuav dav. Tab sis qee zaum, cov ntawv lo tshwj xeeb raug ntxiv rau cov tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm PCR, uas tuaj yeem qhia seb cov qauv puas zoo lossis tsis zoo. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv los kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig sai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nrhiav kev kis kab mob xws li cov kab mob.

Muaj hom PCR twg?

Muaj ntau hom PCR sib txawv. Qee qhov xav tau cov kauj ruam ntxiv los theej lossis tshuaj xyuas DNA. Cia peb saib ob hom tseem ceeb:

1. Kev Siv Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)

Xav txog tias cov ntaub ntawv caj ces uas peb xav theej thiab tshawb nrhiav tsis yog nyob hauv DNA, tab sis nyob hauv RNA. (Piv txwv li, tus kab mob Covid-19 muaj RNA). Tom qab ntawd, hauv RT-PCR no, qhov ua tiav yog tias RNA raug hloov mus ua DNA siv cov enzyme tshwj xeeb (reverse transcriptase). Cov DNA uas tsim tau hu ua complementary DNA (cDNA) . Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem PCR ib txwm uas tau hais ua ntej tau ua tiav. Vim tias, PCR ib txwm tsuas yog ua tau ntawm DNA.

2. Kev Tshawb Fawb PCR Tiag Tiag / Kev Tshawb Fawb PCR Kom Muaj Peev Xwm (Q-PCR)

Qhov tshwm sim hauv qhov no yog tias thaum cov DNA theej tau ua, cov ntawv cim tshwj xeeb fluorescent raug ntxiv rau nws. Cov ntawv cim no tso tawm lub teeb thaum lawv khi rau lub hom phiaj DNA. Tom qab ntawd, tsis muaj kev kuaj ntxiv, cov neeg ua qhov kev kuaj tuaj yeem pom hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag seb cov DNA cuam tshuam puas muaj nyob hauv cov qauv. Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, lawv kuj tuaj yeem tau txais lub tswv yim ntau npaum li cas.

Qhov ua rau neeg tsis meej pem yog, qee tus neeg kuj hu qhov no ua "RT-PCR". Tab sis nws tsis zoo ib yam li Reverse-Transcriptase PCR uas tau hais ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev Real-time PCR no siv tau ua ke nrog Reverse-Transcriptase PCR uas tau hais ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd nws hu ua Real-time RT-PCR (real-time RT-PCR) . Txoj kev real-time RT-PCR no siv rau kev kuaj qhov ntswg kom pom cov kab mob RNA xws li Covid-19 thiab mob khaub thuas.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj PCR qhia peb li cas?

Thaum koj tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj PCR, cov lus sau yuav txawv me ntsis, nyob ntawm seb koj tau kuaj dab tsi.

• Feem ntau, yog tias koj cov txiaj ntsig hais tias "nrhiav pom" lossis "tam sim no," nws txhais tau tias koj muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces lossis kev kis kab mob uas qhov kev kuaj nrhiav.
• Yog tias qhov tshwm sim hais tias "tsis tau kuaj pom," nws txhais tau tias qhov kev kuaj tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lub hom phiaj DNA lossis RNA uas tau kuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj kev kis kab mob, qhov no qee zaum txhais tau tias koj tau kuaj thaum ntxov dhau ntawm txoj kev kis kab mob. Tej zaum koj tseem muaj kev kis kab mob, tab sis tej zaum yuav tsis muaj tus kab mob lossis cov kab mob txaus kom PCR kuaj pom thaum ntawd.

Yuav txhais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Covid-19 PCR li cas?

Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas ntau tus neeg paub txog tam sim no.

• Yog tias koj daim ntawv qhia tias koj muaj COVID PCR ces koj yuav muaj tus kab mob COVID-19 - uas txhais tau tias koj daim ntawv qhia tias "Tau kuaj pom lawm" - ces txhais tau tias koj yuav muaj tus kab mob COVID-19 , lossis koj nyuam qhuav zoo los ntawm COVID-19 (qee zaum PCR yuav tseem muaj tus kab mob tom qab koj zoo lawm).
• Yog koj tau txais qhov tshwm sim COVID PCR ("Tsis Pom") tsis muaj, nws txhais tau tias koj yuav tsis muaj COVID-19 thaum koj coj lub qhov ntswg mus kuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kuv tau hais ua ntej, qee zaum, thaum ntxov ntawm kev kis kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tsis muaj tsos mob, kev kuaj PCR tuaj yeem tsis muaj. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj tsos mob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom rov kuaj dua hauv ob peb hnub.

Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj li tau txais cov txiaj ntsig PCR?

Qhov no kuj txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov kev sim ua li cas.

• Kev kuaj qhov ntswg rau cov kab mob xws li mob khaub thuas thiab COVID-19 feem ntau siv sijhawm ob peb teev lossis ib hnub los tsim cov txiaj ntsig.
• Kev kuaj noob caj ces uas siv cov kev kuaj ntshav thiab cov txheej txheem biopsy yuav siv sijhawm ib lub lim tiam lossis ntau dua kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig vim tias cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas nyuaj me ntsis.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob?

Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb txog kev kuaj PCR lossis nws cov txiaj ntsig, nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Lawv tuaj yeem piav qhia txhua yam rau koj.

Cov lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum coj mus tsev

Txawm hais tias cov lus "PCR kuaj" tau nkag mus rau hauv peb cov kev sib tham txhua hnub nrog rau xyoo 2020 COVID-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, nws yog ib qho thev naus laus zis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas cov kws kho mob tau siv rau ntau xyoo. PCR pab txheeb xyuas thiab theej cov DNA lossis RNA me me, uas tuaj yeem siv los kuaj mob ntau yam mob.

Txawm hais tias qhov no yog ib qho uas cov kws kho mob feem ntau ua, tej zaum nws yuav tsis yog ib qho uas koj yuav tsum kuaj. Peb nkag siab qhov ntawd. Tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias nws tsuas yog xav tau ib qho qauv me me ntawm koj lub cev xwb, thiab cov txheej txheem feem ntau siv sijhawm ob peb feeb xwb. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, kev txhawj xeeb, lossis kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov no, thov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Lawv yuav piav qhia txhua yam rau koj. Nyob zoo!

Kev kuaj PCR, DNA, RNA, kev kuaj noob caj noob ces, kev kuaj mob, Covid-19, tus kab mob