Koj puas paub txog cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb (Carotid Arteries) hauv koj lub caj dab?

Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm peb lub cev uas peb tsis xav txog ntau. Ntawd yog ob lub hlab ntsha tseem ceeb uas nyob rau ob sab ntawm peb lub caj dab, zoo li ob txoj kev khiav mus rau saum ntuj. Hauv kev kho mob, cov no hu ua cov hlab ntsha carotid . Hais yooj yim, cov no yog cov kav dej tseem ceeb uas nqa cov ntshav huv, oxygenated mus rau peb lub hlwb, lub ntsej muag, thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub caj dab . Nws zoo li cov kav dej uas nqa dej los ntawm lub tshuab dej mus rau lub vaj. Txawm tias qhov me me lossis kev thaiv hauv cov no qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj dua li koj xav tau. Yog li, kev paub me ntsis ntxiv txog cov no kom meej yuav pab tau koj thiab koj tsev neeg.

Cov hlab ntsha carotid no nyob qhov twg tiag? Lawv ua dab tsi?

Xav txog seb, cov hlab ntsha carotid no pib ntawm sab saum toj ntawm koj lub hauv siab, hauv qab qhov chaw koj lub caj dab pib. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, lawv mus rau saum koj lub caj dab thiab mus rau hauv koj lub taub hau. Ntawm ob sab ntawm koj lub caj dab, ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis, muaj cov hlab ntsha carotid no.

Mus rau sab saud me ntsis, txog nruab nrab ntawm lub caj dab, txhua lub hlab ntsha carotid no faib ua ob ceg ntxiv. Ib yam li txoj kev faib ua ob. Peb hu qhov kev faib no ua carotid bifurcation . Ob ceg uas faib los ntawm qhov ntawd yog:

1. Cov hlab ntsha Carotid sab hauv: Qhov no yog ceg tseem ceeb uas muab ntshav ncaj qha rau peb lub hlwb . Nws ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev.

2. Cov hlab ntsha Carotid sab nraud: Cov ceg no muab ntshav rau cov qhov ntawm peb lub ntsej muag, cov qhov sab nraud ntawm lub caj dab, thiab qee qhov ntawm lub taub hau .

Cov hlab ntsha carotid sab hauv thiab sab nraud no txuas mus ua ntau ceg me me uas muab cov as-ham rau txhua lub cev thiab cov nqaij hauv lub taub hau thiab caj dab, uas yog, cov ntshav uas muaj oxygen ntau. Nws zoo li ib tug dej loj uas pib ua ntau ceg me me, pub rau tag nrho thaj chaw.

Cov hlab ntsha carotid yog ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm peb lub cev ncig ntshav . Peb lub hlwb xav tau cov pa oxygen tas li kom ua haujlwm tau zoo. Tib yam li ntawd rau cov kabmob me me hauv peb lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias cov ntshav ntws no du thiab tsis muaj kev thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj qee yam raug thaiv lossis cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha no, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj.

Cia peb tham ntxiv me ntsis txog External Carotid Artery.

Cov hlab ntsha carotid sab nraud pib ntawm qhov carotid bifurcation uas tau hais los saum toj no, qhov twg cov hlab ntsha carotid feem ntau faib ua ob. Thaum nws mus txog ntawm lub caj dab, ze ntawm pob ntseg, nws faib ua ob ceg loj ntxiv. Cov no yog cov hlab ntsha maxillary thiab cov hlab ntsha superficial temporal .

Cov hlab ntsha carotid sab nraud no muab yim ceg me me tawm. Cov ceg no muab ntshav rau ntau qhov ntawm peb lub caj dab thiab lub ntsej muag. Piv txwv li:

• Ib ceg uas muab ntshav rau peb lub qog thyroid ('Superior thyroid artery')
• Ib ceg uas muab ntshav mus rau sab hauv ntawm lub caj pas ('Ascending pharyngeal artery')
• Ib ceg uas muab ntshav rau peb tus nplaig ('Lingual artery')
• Ib ceg uas muab ntshav rau cov leeg thiab daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag ('Facial artery')
• Ib ceg uas muab ntshav mus rau tom qab ntawm lub taub hau ('Occipital artery')
• Ib ceg uas muab ntshav mus rau thaj chaw tom qab pob ntseg ('Posterior auricular artery')

Ntau qhov chaw zoo li no tau txais ntshav los ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid sab nraud no.

Cia peb kawm txog Internal Carotid Artery.

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb zaj dab neeg. Cov hlab ntsha carotid sab hauv kuj pib ntawm qhov carotid bifurcation thiab mus ncaj nraim rau ntawm caj dab. Tom qab ntawd nws nkag mus rau hauv lub taub hau los ntawm lub qhov ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub taub hau. Lub qhov no hu ua carotid canal . Qhov no yog ciam teb uas cais qhov extracranial ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ntawm qhov intracranial.

Thaum nkag mus rau hauv lub taub hau, cov hlab ntsha carotid sab hauv yuav ua raws li txoj kev nkhaus thiab nkhaus me ntsis. Cov kws kho mob hu qhov no sab hauv lub taub hau, ntu 'intracranial', los ntawm lwm lub npe. Piv txwv li, muaj xya ntu, xws li 'C2: Petrous segment', 'C3: Lacerum segment', 'C4: Cavernous segment'. Qee cov kws kho mob kuj siv lwm txoj kev faib tawm.

Tiam sis, koj tsis tas yuav cim tag nrho cov npe no. Cov neeg feem coob yuav tsis tas yuav paub cov npe no hauv lawv lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj aneurysm tshwm sim, cov kws kho mob siv cov npe no los qhia koj qhov chaw tseeb. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem tseem ceeb rau lub sijhawm zoo li no.

Cov hlab ntsha carotid sab hauv muab ob peb ceg tseem ceeb hauv lub taub hau. Cov no yog cov uas muab ntshav rau peb lub hlwb thiab qhov muag . Cov tseem ceeb yog:

• Cov hlab ntsha ophthalmic muab ntshav rau lub qhov muag.
• Cov ceg xws li Anterior Cerebral Artery thiab Middle Cerebral Artery muab ntshav rau ntau qhov ntawm lub hlwb.

Cov kab mob carotid no ua rau muaj kab mob dab tsi?

Ib yam li cov yeeb nkab dej tuaj yeem txhaws nrog xeb dhau sijhawm, peb cov hlab ntsha carotid kuj tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam teeb meem. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi:

1. Kab Mob Carotid Artery: Qhov no kuj hu ua Carotid Artery Stenosis . Stenosis txhais tau tias "qhib". Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib txheej roj thiab cov roj cholesterol tuab (atherosclerosis) tsim rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha . Qhov kev tso nyiaj no hu ua plaque.Nws zoo li ib qho kev txhaws hauv cov kav dej. Cov plaque deposits no feem ntau tsim nyob ze ntawm cov carotid artery, qhov chaw uas nws faib ua ob ('Carotid Bifurcation'). Thaum cov hlab ntsha no raug thaiv, qhov ntau ntawm cov ntshav mus rau lub hlwb yuav txo qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tsim rau saum cov plaque no, thiab cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tawg thiab thaiv cov hlab ntsha me me hauv lub hlwb. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm 'Transient Ischemic Attack' (TIA) , uas yog ib qho mob zoo ib yam li mini-stroke, lossis mob stroke loj heev yog siab dua. Qee zaum cov plaque tuaj yeem tawg thiab ib daim ntawm nws tuaj yeem tawg thiab thaiv cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb.

2. Kab mob Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Qhov no yog thaum phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob carotid artery tsis muaj zog thiab nthuav tawm zoo li lub npas. Qhov kev nthuav tawm no ('Aneurysm') tuaj yeem loj dua zuj zus. Cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tsim hauv cov aneurysm no, thaiv cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias nws loj dhau, nws tuaj yeem tawg ('Rupture'). Yog tias qhov ntawd tshwm sim, nws yog qhov xwm txheej ceev.

3. Kev Phais Cov Ntshav Hauv Cov Ntshav Carotid: Qhov no yog kev rhuav tshem ntawm txheej sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa cov ntshav. Qhov kev rhuav tshem no tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav ntws qeeb lossis thaiv tag nrho. Qhov no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov mob hnyav xws li mob hlwb.

4. Mob Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD): Qhov no yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev uas cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha tau tsim. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha carotid nqaim, tsim cov aneurysms, lossis kev txiav.

Peb yuav paub li cas yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog cov hlab ntsha no? (Cov tsos mob thiab kev kuaj mob)

Feem ntau, cov kab mob carotid artery no tsis muaj tsos mob thaum ntxov . Qhov teeb meem tsuas yog pom thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev hauv kev kho mob, xws li 'TIA' lossis 'Stroke'. Yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb kom paub txog qhov no.

Ceev faj heev txog cov tsos mob no!

Yog tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no, hu rau 1990 (tsheb thauj neeg mob) tam sim ntawd, lossis mus rau chav kho mob ceev ntawm tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws . Cov no yuav yog cov cim qhia txog mob stroke, thiab kev kho mob sai sai tuaj yeem cawm tau txoj sia thiab txo qhov kev tsis taus mus sij hawm ntev.

• Ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag poob qis los yog tsis muaj sia nyob.
• Xav tias koj cov lus sib xyaws thaum koj hais lus, lossis tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus tso ua ke kom raug.
• Pom kev tsis meej lossis tsis meej ntawm ib lossis ob lub qhov muag tam sim ntawd. Tej zaum yuav zoo li daim ntaub dub poob rau ntawm ob lub qhov muag.
• Mob loog, qaug zog, lossis xav tias tsis muaj sia nyob rau ib sab ntawm lub cev (caj npab, ceg, lossis ob qho tib si).
• Tsis muaj kev xav ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev.

Tej zaum koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm thov kev pab thaum muaj cov tsos mob no. Yog li ntawd, qhia rau koj tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg paub txog cov tsos mob no. Ces lawv thiaj li paub thiab ua sai sai thaum koj xav tau kev pab.

Cov kws kho mob kuaj xyuas cov hlab ntsha carotid li cas?

Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, lawv yuav muab lub stethoscope tso rau ntawm koj lub caj dab thiab mloog lub suab ntshav ntws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Qee zaum, yog tias cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv, koj yuav hnov ​​​​​​lub suab "whoosh" (lub suab 'carotid bruit'). Qhov no qhia tau tias muaj kev thaiv hauv cov ntshav ntws, tej zaum vim yog cov plaque deposits.

Yog koj hnov ​​lub suab zoo li no, lossis yog koj tus kws kho mob muaj lwm yam kev txhawj xeeb, nws yuav hais kom koj ua lwm yam kev kuaj mob, xws li:

• Kev Siv Ultrasound ntawm Carotid: Qhov kev kuaj no siv cov suab nthwv dej los tsim ib daim duab ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Nws tuaj yeem qhia tau seb puas muaj kev thaiv thiab lawv hnyav npaum li cas.
• CT Scan ('Computed Tomography - CT Scan'): Qhov no kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
• Carotid Angiogram: Qhov kev kuaj no suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab thaij duab X-ray kom pom tias cov ntshav ntws li cas.
• MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA): Qhov kev kuaj no siv cov teb magnetic thiab cov nthwv dej xov tooj cua los tsim cov duab ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Cov kev kho mob rau cov kev thaiv ntawm cov hlab ntsha no yog dab tsi?

Yog tias koj cov hlab ntsha carotid raug thaiv, muaj cov tshuaj, phais, thiab lwm yam kev kho mob. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab qhov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau koj raws li koj tus mob.

Cov hom tshuaj:

• Cov tshuaj Antiplatelet: Piv txwv li cov no yog cov tshuaj xws li aspirin.
• Cov tshuaj kho ntshav siab.
• Cov tshuaj txo cov roj cholesterol: Zoo li cov tshuaj statin.

Kev phais thiab lwm txoj kev:

• Kev phais mob Carotid Endarterectomy: Qhov no yog ib qho kev phais uas qhib cov hlab ntsha, tshem tawm cov plaque deposits sab hauv, thiab xaws cov hlab ntsha rov qab ua ke. Qhov no rov qab ua kom cov ntshav ntws tau zoo.
• Carotid Angioplasty thiab Stenting: Qhov no suav nrog kev ntxig ib lub raj me me rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas raug txhaws, ua kom cov hlab ntsha dav dua nrog lub cuab yeej zoo li lub npas, thiab ntxig ib lub cuab yeej me me zoo li lub mesh (stent) kom tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob kaw dua. Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem uas tsis mob hnyav dua li kev phais.

Peb yuav ua li cas kom peb cov hlab ntsha carotid noj qab nyob zoo?

Yuav kom cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb no noj qab nyob zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tswj koj cov roj cholesterol ua ntej. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus kws kho mob yuav sau tshuaj rau koj.

Ntxiv mus, kev hloov pauv yooj yim no rau koj txoj kev ua neej tuaj yeem pab ua kom koj lub cev tag nrho, suav nrog koj lub plawv, noj qab nyob zoo:

• Yog koj haus luam yeeb, tsum tam sim ntawd. Tsum tsis txhob haus luam yeeb thiab siv lwm yam khoom luam yeeb. Nug kws kho mob kom pab.
• Noj zaub mov kom zoo rau lub plawv. Piv txwv li , Mediterranean Diet zoo heev. Noj zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, taum pauv, cov khoom noj uas muaj fiber ntau, thiab ntses. Txo cov roj, qab zib, thiab ntsev.
• Ua si nawv tsawg kawg yog 30 feeb ib hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom sab laj nrog kws kho mob ua ntej pib ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog tshiab.
• Tswj koj qhov hnyav kom zoo rau koj qhov siab.

Kuv yuav tsum nug kuv tus kws kho mob li cas?

Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, koj yuav raug nug cov lus nug txog cov hlab ntsha carotid xws li:

• Kuv cov yam ua rau muaj kab mob carotid artery yog dab tsi?
• Kuv yuav ua tau dab tsi hloov kuv txoj kev ua neej kom kuv cov hlab ntsha carotid noj qab nyob zoo?
• Kuv puas yuav tsum tau kuaj duab (xws li scans) los xyuas seb kuv cov hlab ntsha carotid zoo li cas?
• Yog tias kuv muaj kev txhaws hauv kuv cov hlab ntsha carotid, kuv yuav tsum xav txog cov kev kho mob twg?

Cov Lus Xaus Kawg coj mus tsev

Yog li, tam sim no koj nkag siab tias cov hlab ntsha carotid no tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau peb lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua kom cov hlab ntsha no noj qab nyob zoo, uas nqa cov ntshav uas muaj oxygen mus rau lub hlwb thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub taub hau.

Nco ntsoov tias, ntau yam teeb meem ntawm cov hlab ntsha no tsis tshwm sim thaum pib. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj cov yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo (xws li roj cholesterol ntau, ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib, haus luam yeeb, lossis keeb kwm tsev neeg ntawm cov mob no), nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau mus kuaj mob tsis tu ncua.

Kev ua neej noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem pab kom koj cov hlab ntsha, tsis yog koj cov hlab ntsha xwb, noj qab haus huv. Yog tias koj xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no, tsis txhob yig nrog koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg tham. Nws tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau koj.

Cov hlab ntsha carotid , cov hlab ntsha hauv caj dab, cov ntshav mus rau lub hlwb, mob stroke, atherosclerosis, TIA, aneurysm, kab mob carotid, kev ua neej noj qab haus huv