Peb txhua tus muaj ntshav hauv peb lub cev, tab sis koj puas paub tias tsis yog txhua tus ntshav zoo ib yam? Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ib tug neeg hais tias, 'Kuv cov ntshav hom O zoo' lossis 'Nws yog B tsis zoo'. Hom ntshav yog dab tsi tiag? Vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb heev rau lub sijhawm muaj xwm txheej ceev, xws li cev xeeb tub? Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog qhov no hauv txoj kev yooj yim uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.
Hais yooj yim xwb, hom ntshav no yog hom twg?
Hom ntshav yog ib qho kev faib tawm uas pab cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab seb koj cov ntshav puas sib haum nrog lwm tus neeg cov ntshav. Muaj plaub hom ntshav tseem ceeb: A, B, AB, thiab O.
Tiam sis zaj dab neeg tsis xaus rau ntawd. Lawv kuj kuaj xyuas seb koj cov qe ntshav liab puas muaj lwm cov protein tshwj xeeb. Qhov no hu ua Rh factor . Yog tias qhov Rh factor no muaj nyob hauv koj cov ntshav, koj cov hom ntshav yog positive (+) . Yog tias nws tsis muaj, nws yog negative (-) .
Thaum ob hom ntshav no sib xyaw ua ke, peb tau tsim 8 hom ntshav uas feem ntau pom muaj:
- Ib Qho Zoo (A+)
- Ib qho tsis zoo (A-)
- B Zoo (B+)
- B Tsis Zoo (B-)
- AB zoo (AB+)
- AB Tsis Zoo (AB-)
- O zoo (O+)
- O tsis zoo (O-)
Kev paub koj cov hom ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias ib tug neeg xav tau kev hloov ntshav thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Kev sib phim cov hom ntshav no kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev hloov cov noob.
Cov hom ntshav no txiav txim li cas? Antigen yog dab tsi?
Koj cov hom ntshav yog txiav txim los ntawm qee cov cim qhia ntawm qhov chaw ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu cov cim no ua cov antigens .
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov antigens no zoo li daim ntawv lo npe uas txuas rau koj cov qe ntshav. Daim ntawv lo npe no yog qhov uas koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob siv los txheeb xyuas seb cov qe ntshav no yog 'tus kheej' lossis 'txawv teb chaws'.
Muaj ob hom antigens tseem ceeb uas peb saib. Lawv yog 'A' thiab 'B'. Peb hu lub kaw lus no ua ABO system .
| Hom ntshav | Cov antigen nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab |
|---|---|
| Hom A | Tsuas muaj ib qho antigen A xwb. |
| Hom B | Tsuas muaj B antigen xwb. |
| Hom AB | Muaj ob qho tib si A thiab B antigens. |
| Hom O | Tsis muaj antigen A lossis B. |
Tus yam ntxwv Rh uas peb tau tham txog tom ntej no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm seb puas muaj RhD antigen .
- Zoo (+): Koj cov qe ntshav liab muaj RhD antigen.
- Tsis zoo (-): Koj cov qe ntshav liab tsis muaj RhD antigen.
Cov hom ntshav RhD positive yog cov uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. RhD negative yog ib qho mob uas tsis tshua muaj.
Vim li cas cov hom ntshav thiaj yuav tsum sib haum?
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Xav txog ib tug neeg tau raug xwm txheej thiab poob ntshav ntau heev. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab ntshav sai sai. Tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau muab ib hom ntshav uas lawv lub cev yuav txais yuav ua 'lawv tus kheej'.
Yog koj muab hom ntshav uas tsis sib xws rau lwm tus, yuav ua li cas?
Hais yooj yim xwb, yog tias cov ntshav uas muaj ib yam antigen uas koj tsis paub (lub npe cim) nkag mus rau hauv koj lub cev, koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob xav tias nws yog ib tug yeeb ncuab thiab pib tawm tsam nws. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ua phem heev, txawm tias ua rau tuag taus. Yog vim li cas kev sib phim hom ntshav yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum pub ntshav.
Nov yog li cas cov hom ntshav sib xws:
| Koj hom ntshav (tus neeg tau txais) | Cov neeg uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshav (cov neeg pub ntshav) los ntawm |
|---|---|
| A+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B-, O- |
| AB+ (Tus yeej ntawm tsev kawm ntawv qib siab) | Txhua hom ntshav tuaj yeem tau txais. |
| AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| O+ | O+, O- |
| O- (Tus neeg pab txhawb nqa thoob ntiaj teb) | Tsuas yog cov ntshav hom O xwb thiaj li tau txais. |
Tus 'Universal Donor', qhov chaw uas txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem pub ntshav
Cov ntshav hom O tsis zoo (O-) hu ua 'universal donor'. Qhov no yog vim tias cov qe ntshav liab hom O- tsis muaj cov antigens tseem ceeb, xws li A, B, lossis RhD, thiab tuaj yeem muab rau tus neeg uas muaj hom ntshav twg los tau yam tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, thaum tsis muaj sijhawm los nrhiav hom ntshav ntawm tus neeg mob, cov kws kho mob siv cov ntshav hom O- ntau tshaj plaws.
Ib tug 'Universal Recipient' tuaj yeem txais ntshav los ntawm leej twg los tau
Cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB zoo (AB+) hu ua 'universal recipients'. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem tau txais ntshav los ntawm txhua hom ntshav. Qhov no yog vim lawv cov ntshav muaj tag nrho peb hom antigens, A, B, thiab RhD, yog li lawv lub cev tsis pom ib hom ntshav twg los ntawm sab nraud li 'txawv teb chaws'.
Hom ntshav cuam tshuam li cas rau kev xeeb tub?
Qhov no yog ib yam tseem ceeb rau ntau tus niam. Tshwj xeeb, yog tias leej niam cov ntshav yog Rh negative (-) thiab tus menyuam cov ntshav yog Rh positive (+), tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem tshwm sim.
Xav txog tias tus menyuam tau txais cov noob Rh positive los ntawm leej txiv. Ces tus menyuam cov ntshav yog Rh positive. Tab sis leej niam yog Rh negative. Thaum cev xeeb tub thiab yug menyuam, qee cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog leej niam cov ntshav. Ces leej niam lub cev lees paub tus menyuam cov ntshav Rh positive ua 'txawv teb chaws' thiab tawm tsam lawv.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pib tsim tawm.
Qhov no yuav tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam loj rau thawj zaug cev xeeb tub. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus menyuam tom ntej uas cev xeeb tub kuj yog Rh positive, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas lub cev niam tau tsim ua ntej tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov qe ntshav liab ntawm tus menyuam.
Tiam sis tsis muaj laj thawj yuav tsum ntshai! Tam sim no muaj kev kho mob zoo heev rau qhov no. Thaum koj pom tias koj cev xeeb tub, ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev kuaj mob uas koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua yog kuaj xyuas koj cov ntshav hom thiab Rh factor. Yog tias koj yog Rh negative, koj yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) rau lub sijhawm zoo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm leej niam los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam.
Puas muaj cov hom ntshav tsawg tsawg?
Yog. Ntxiv rau cov kab ke ABO thiab Rh uas peb tau tham txog, muaj ntau dua 600 lwm cov antigens nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Muaj ntau dua 30 lwm cov kab ke faib ntshav raws li cov no.
Rh-null yog ib hom ntshav uas tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Hom ntshav no tsis muaj cov antigens cuam tshuam nrog lub cev Rh. Nws tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb no uas tau tshaj tawm tias muaj tsawg dua 50 tus neeg uas muaj hom ntshav no. Yog vim li ntawd qee zaum nws thiaj hu ua 'ntshav kub'.
Koj paub koj hom ntshav li cas?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub koj hom ntshav. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los nrhiav seb koj yog hom twg.
- Nug koj tus kws kho mob: Tej zaum koj cov hom ntshav yuav raug sau tseg rau hauv cov ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj mob yav dhau los uas koj tau ua.
- Pub ntshav: Qhov no yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj nqis tshaj plaws. Thaum koj pub ntshav, lub tsev txhab ntshav yuav kuaj koj hom ntshav thiab muab daim npav rau koj. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem paub koj hom ntshav thiab cawm ib tus neeg lub neej.
- Mus kuaj mob: Koj tuaj yeem thov koj tus kws kho mob kom muab cov ntshav kuaj rau koj thiab kuaj koj hom ntshav.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kev paub koj hom ntshav tuaj yeem pab cawm koj txoj sia yog tias muaj xwm txheej ceev.
- Cov ntshav hom O- yog 'universal donor' thiab tuaj yeem pub ntshav rau txhua tus neeg. Cov ntshav hom AB positive (AB+) yog 'universal recipient' thiab tuaj yeem txais ntshav ntawm txhua tus neeg.
- Yog koj cev xeeb tub, tshwj xeeb yog tias koj cov ntshav yog Rh negative (-), nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog qhov no. Tsis muaj dab tsi yuav txhawj txog, txhua yam kev kho mob tsim nyog tam sim no muaj.
- Kev pub ntshav yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los cawm ib tus neeg txoj sia, thiab nws kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los nrhiav koj hom ntshav.
- Yog koj muaj lus nug ntxiv txog cov hom ntshav, tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg.
💬 Comments (0)
Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus