Lo lus "chemotherapy" lossis "chemo" coj kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab rau peb ntau tus. Tej zaum koj lossis ib tus neeg koj hlub tau raug qhia txog kev kho mob no los ntawm kws kho mob. Lossis tej zaum koj tsuas yog xav paub ntxiv txog nws. Txawm yog vim li cas los xij, qhov kev ntshai uas los rau hauv siab thaum koj hnov lub npe no yog qhov tseeb. Tab sis qhov tseeb, chemotherapy yog ib qho ntawm cov riam phom muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws uas peb muaj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua mob qog noj ntshav. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tso qee qhov kev ntshai tseg thiab tham yooj yim thiab ncaj ncees txog nws yog dab tsi tiag tiag, nws ua haujlwm li cas, thiab vim li cas cov kev mob tshwm sim tshwm sim.
Kev kho mob chemotherapy yog dab tsi tiag?
Hais yooj yim xwb, kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog ib hom tshuaj uas muab los tua cov qog noj ntshav lossis tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob loj hlob. Cov no yog cov tshuaj muaj zog heev. Lawv hu ua "tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav."
Yuav kom nkag siab txog qhov no ua haujlwm li cas, cia peb xub saib cov cell hauv peb lub cev. Peb lub cev muaj ntau txhiab lab cell. Cov cell noj qab haus huv faib thaum xav tau, tsim cov cell tshiab, thiab tuag thaum tsis xav tau lawv lawm. Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem uas muaj kev txiav txim zoo heev. Peb hu qhov no ua 'Cell Cycle'.
Tiamsis cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav yog ib pawg txawv, tsis paub tseeb dua. Lawv tsis ua haujlwm raws li qhov kev txiav txim no. Lawv pheej faib thiab loj hlob yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, tab sis lawv tsis tuag. Qhov kev faib tsis tswj hwm no yog qhov ua rau muaj qog nqaij hlav. Cov no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij noj qab haus huv puas tsuaj.
Qhov no yog qhov uas kev kho mob chemotherapy los txog. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob chemotherapy yog kev faib cov cell sai sai. Vim tias cov cell mob qog noj ntshav yog ib hom cell uas faib sai heev, kev kho mob chemotherapy mus ncaj qha rau cov cell mob qog noj ntshav no. Nws nres cov txheej txheem faib ntawm cov cell ntawd thiab rhuav tshem lawv. Ntawd yog, nws tiv thaiv cov cell mob qog noj ntshav tshiab kom tsis txhob tsim.
Puas yog chemotherapy tsuas yog siv rau mob qog noj ntshav xwb?
Feem ntau, yog. Kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav yog txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau mob qog noj ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob qog nqaij hlav yuav pom zoo kom siv tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav ntxiv rau lwm yam kev kho mob. Piv txwv li:
- Kev Phais Mob: Tej zaum yuav muab tshuaj chemotherapy los ua kom lub qog me me ua ntej txiav thiab tshem tawm. Tej zaum yuav muab tshuaj chemotherapy los tua cov hlwb qog uas tseem tshuav tom qab phais mob.
- Kev Kho Mob Hluav Taws Xob: Kev muab kev kho mob hluav taws xob nrog rau kev siv tshuaj kho mob qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem ua rau kev kho mob zoo dua.
- Lwm yam kev kho mob: Qee zaum nws muab ua ke nrog cov kev kho mob niaj hnub xws li 'Immunotherapy' lossis 'Targeted Therapy'.
Tab sis muaj cov rooj plaub uas siv tshuaj kho mob tsis yog rau mob qog noj ntshav xwb, tab sis kuj rau ntau yam mob.
- Cov Kab Mob Autoimmune:Hauv cov kab mob no, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob) ua yuam kev tawm tsam peb cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Cov tshuaj kho mob chemotherapy tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb tiv thaiv no, txo qhov kev puas tsuaj uas lawv ua rau lub cev.
- Kev Mob Ntshav: Hauv qee qhov kev mob ntshav, peb cov pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav tsis zoo. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, yuav tsum tau hloov cov qe ntshav tshiab. Ua ntej ntawd, kev kho mob chemotherapy raug muab los rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav tsis zoo no thiab ua rau muaj cov qe ntshav tshiab zoo.
Cov tshuaj chemotherapy muaj hom twg?
Txawm hais tias nws hu ua "chemo," nws tsis yog ib yam tshuaj xwb. Muaj ntau hom tshuaj chemo. Lawv muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li lawv ua los ntawm dab tsi thiab lawv tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav li cas. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaiv cov tshuaj lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj uas zoo tshaj plaws rau koj raws li hom mob qog noj ntshav uas koj muaj, nws kis mus deb npaum li cas (theem), thiab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
Qee zaum, es tsis txhob siv ib yam tshuaj xwb, muab ntau yam tshuaj ua ke. Peb hu qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no yog ua kom kev kho mob zoo dua. Vim tias txhua yam tshuaj tawm tsam cov hlwb qog noj ntshav hauv txoj kev sib txawv. Nws kuj pab tiv thaiv lub cev kom tsis txhob tiv taus tib yam tshuaj.
Lub rooj hauv qab no teev ntau pawg tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav tseem ceeb.
| Lub npe ntawm pawg Chemo | Lawv ua haujlwm li cas? | Qee cov piv txwv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Alkylating | Cov no ua rau cov DNA ntawm cov hlwb mob qog noj ntshav puas tsuaj, ua rau lawv tsis sib faib. Ib hom tshwj xeeb uas siv los kho cov qog hauv hlwb kuj yog ib feem ntawm pawg no. | Cyclophosphamide, Carboplatin, Cisplatin |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev zom zaub mov | Cov no dag cov cell mob qog noj ntshav. Lawv ua txuj ua li cov khoom siv raw uas xav tau los ua DNA, uas yog qhov xav tau rau kev faib cell, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawd. Nws zoo li muab cov cib tsis raug los ua phab ntsa. | Methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, Gemcitabine |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Topoisomerase | Cov qog nqaij hlav muaj ib qho enzyme tshwj xeeb ('Topoisomerase') uas pab DNA rov ua dua thaum nws faib. Cov tshuaj no nres qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzyme ntawd. | Etoposide, Irinotecan, Topotecan |
| Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Mitotic | Cov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yog vim li ntawd lawv thiaj li hu ua 'cov alkaloids ntawm cov nroj tsuag.' Qhov lawv ua yog nres cov txheej txheem ('Mitosis') qhov twg cov hlwb qog noj ntshav faib thiab tsim ob lub hlwb. | Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Vincristine |
| Cov Tshuaj Tua Kab Mob | Cov no kuj tiv thaiv cov DNA hauv cov hlwb qog noj ntshav kom tsis txhob rov ua dua. Qee zaum lawv txawm ua rau cov DNA puas tsuaj. Cov no tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas peb feem ntau noj rau kev kis kab mob. | Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin-C |
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog koj tsis tas yuav txhawj txog cov tshuaj thiab lawv cov npe. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb kev kho mob twg zoo tshaj plaws rau koj thiab piav qhia meej rau koj.
Cia peb tham txog cov kev mob tshwm sim uas txhua tus ntshai.
Thaum tham txog chemo, nws yog ib qho tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob tham txog cov kev mob tshwm sim. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau ntau tus neeg ntshai. Yog li ntawd, vim li cas cov kev mob tshwm sim no thiaj tshwm sim?
Nco ntsoov tias peb tau hais ua ntej lawm tias kev siv tshuaj kho mob qog nqaij hlav tsom mus rau cov hlwb uas faib sai . Tsis yog tsuas yog cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav xwb, tab sis qee cov hlwb noj qab haus huv hauv peb lub cev kuj faib sai heev. Piv txwv li:
- Cov hlwb ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm peb cov plaub hau
- Cov hlwb uas nyob hauv qhov ncauj thiab txoj hnyuv zom zaub mov
- Cov qe ntshav tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha
Cov tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav tsis tuaj yeem qhia qhov txawv ntawm cov hlwb qog noj ntshav thiab cov hlwb noj qab nyob zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum tawm tsam cov hlwb qog noj ntshav, lawv kuj ua rau cov hlwb noj qab nyob zoo uas faib sai sai no puas tsuaj. Yog vim li cas cov kev mob tshwm sim tshwm sim.
Tiamsis qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm no yog peb cov hlwb noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem rov zoo los ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj no. Tab sis cov hlwb mob qog noj ntshav ua tsis tau, lawv tsuas yog tuag xwb.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau
Cov kev mob tshwm sim yuav txawv nyob ntawm hom tshuaj chemotherapy uas koj tau txais. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg yuav tau txais cov kev mob tshwm sim zoo ib yam. Cov uas feem ntau muaj xws li:
- Kev qaug zog: Qhov no yog ib yam uas ntau tus neeg tau ntsib.
- Xeev siab thiab ntuav: Tab sis tam sim no muaj cov tshuaj zoo heev los tswj qhov no.
- Plaub hau poob: Tsis yog txhua yam tshuaj chemo ua rau plaub hau poob. Txawm tias lawv ua li ntawd los, cov plaub hau yuav rov qab loj hlob tom qab kev kho mob tas.
- Mob qhov ncauj: Tej mob me me tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv qhov ncauj.
- Tsis qab los noj mov: Qhov saj ntawm cov khoom noj yuav hloov pauv.
- Raws plab los yog cem quav
- Txo cov qe ntshav: Cov pob txha raug cuam tshuam, ua rau cov qe ntshav liab tsawg zuj zus, ua rau muaj ntshav tsis txaus , thiab cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg zuj zus, ua rau muaj neutropenia . Thaum muaj neutropenia, lub cev lub peev xwm los tawm tsam cov kab mob txo qis, ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev kis kab mob.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: Tsis txhob tsum kev kho mob vim yog cov kev mob tshwm sim no. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev thiab cov tshuaj los tswj thiab txo cov kev mob tshwm sim no. Koj tus kws kho mob thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas neeg mob yuav ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pab koj.
Kuv yuav tsum nrog kws kho mob tham thaum twg?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo ntawm koj thiab koj tus kws kho mob thaum lub sijhawm koj kho mob chemo. Tsis txhob ntshai qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txog tej yam tsis xis nyob lossis tej yam tshwm sim uas koj tab tom ntsib.
- Yog koj muaj tej yam tshwm sim uas koj tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, qhia rau kuv tam sim ntawd.
- Qhia rau kuv yog tias cov tshuaj rau xeev siab thiab mob tsis ua haujlwm.
- Yog koj muaj tus kab mob xws li kub taub hau los yog mob khaub thuas, qhia rau peb paub tam sim ntawd.
Koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kom koj noj tshuaj sib txawv lossis hloov qhov ntau npaum li cas lossis lub sijhawm ntawm koj txoj kev kho mob chemotherapy. Nco ntsoov tias, koj tsis yog yuav hla txoj kev no ib leeg xwb.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog ib txoj kev kho mob muaj zog thiab zoo rau kev tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav. Tsis txhob ntshai nws yam tsis tsim nyog.
- Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov hlwb uas faib sai sai, xws li cov hlwb mob qog noj ntshav.
- Cov kev mob tshwm sim vim tias cov hlwb noj qab haus huv uas faib sai sai kuj raug cuam tshuam. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim no tsuas yog ib ntus xwb thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau.
- Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog tej yam tsis xis nyob uas koj muaj. Lawv yeej ib txwm npaj pab koj.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kom meej thiab mus koom cov kev teem sijhawm kho mob uas tau teem tseg.
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