Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov txog ib hom tshuaj txhaj tshiab uas pab txo cov ntshav qab zib thiab poob phaus. Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ib tug phooj ywg lossis ib tug txheeb ze tham txog nws lawm. Yog li, cov tshuaj tshiab no uas ntau tus neeg tab tom tham txog hu ua GLP-1 agonists. Cia peb piav qhia txhua yam txog nws hnub no, zoo li peb tab tom tham nrog ib tug phooj ywg.
Cov GLP-1 Agonists no yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonists yog ib pawg tshuaj uas pab tswj cov ntshav qab zib hauv cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2. Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis qee cov tshuaj no kuj siv los kho cov neeg uas rog dhau.
Feem ntau, cov tshuaj no los ua ib qho tshuaj txhaj. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem muab rau koj tus kheej siv lub koob txhaj tshuaj thiab koob. Cov tshuaj txhaj no yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv cov rog hauv qab daim tawv nqaij. Tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj txhaj no rau hauv plab, nraub qaum ntawm lub duav, sab saud ntawm lub pob tw, thiab nraub qaum ntawm caj npab.
Cov tshuaj no muaj ntau lub npe sib txawv. Koj tsis tas yuav paub txhua yam, tab sis yog koj pom lawv, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias lawv txhua tus hais txog tib yam.
- Cov tshuaj agonist zoo li glucagon-zoo li peptide-1
- Cov tshuaj agonist rau GLP-1 receptors
- Cov tshuaj ua kom zoo li Incretin
- Cov tshuaj GLP-1 analogues
Hom tshuaj no yog hom tshuaj tshiab. Thawj hom tshuaj GLP-1 agonist (Exenatide) tau pom zoo rau xyoo 2005. Yog li cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav lwm yam kev siv thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib yam. Koj tsuas yog siv cov tshuaj no xwb los kho tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 lossis rog dhau. Rau ob qho tib si ntawm cov mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum hloov koj txoj kev ua neej thiab yam koj noj thiab haus, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonist tam sim no yog dab tsi?
Cov no yog qee cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonist tseem ceeb uas muaj nyob hauv khw tam sim no. Tej zaum koj tus kws kho mob yuav tau sau ib qho ntawm cov no rau koj.
| Lub Npe Tshuaj General | Lub Npe Hom |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide | Trulicity® |
| Exenatide | Byetta® |
| Exenatide (tso tawm ntev) | Bydureon® |
| Liraglutide | Victoza® |
| Lixisenatide | Adlyxin® |
| Semaglutide (txhaj tshuaj) | Ozempic® |
| Semaglutide (ntsiav tshuaj) | Rybelsus® |
Ntxiv rau qhov no, muaj lwm pawg tshuaj uas ua haujlwm zoo sib xws. Lawv hu ua dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists. Tam sim no muaj ib hom tshuaj ntawm hom no. Ntawd yog Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®).
Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub cev?
Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm li cas, peb yuav tsum paub me ntsis txog cov tshuaj hormones hu ua GLP-1 uas muaj nyob hauv peb lub cev.
GLP-1 yog ib yam tshuaj hormones uas koj lub plab me me tsim tawm. Nws zoo li tus neeg xa xov hauv peb lub cev. Nws ua ntau yam tseem ceeb:
1. Ua kom lub pancreas tsim cov insulin: Insulin yog ib yam tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb uas pab hloov cov khoom noj uas peb noj mus ua lub zog. Nws ua qhov no los ntawm kev txo cov suab thaj (glucose) hauv cov ntshav. Yog tias tsis muaj insulin txaus, cov suab thaj hauv cov ntshav yuav nce siab thiab mob ntshav qab zib yuav tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj hormones GLP-1 muab lub pancreas ib lub "cim", hais tias, "Okay, tsim insulin tam sim no."
2. Txwv tsis pub tsim cov tshuaj hormones Glucagon: Glucagon yog ib yam tshuaj hormones uas ua haujlwm tawm tsam insulin. Uas yog, nws *ua rau* cov ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv thaum xav tau. Yog li, los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub tsim cov glucagon, cov tshuaj hormones GLP-1 tiv thaiv kev ntxiv cov suab thaj ntxiv rau hauv cov ntshav.
3. Ua kom lub plab zom mov qeeb: Hais yooj yim xwb, nws ua rau lub sijhawm uas cov khoom noj koj noj nyob hauv koj lub plab ntev dua. Qhov no ua rau cov suab thaj ntawm cov khoom noj nkag mus rau hauv koj cov ntshav qeeb dua. Qhov no pab tswj cov ntshav qab zib kom nce siab sai sai.
4.Ua rau kom muaj kev xav tias puv npo tom qab noj mov: Cov tshuaj hormones GLP-1 kuj cuam tshuam rau cov feem ntawm peb lub hlwb uas tswj kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab kev puv npo. Yog li ntawd, peb xav tias puv npo txawm tias tom qab noj me ntsis, thiab peb txoj kev ntshaw txo qis.
Tam sim no, koj puas nkag siab tias cov tshuaj hormones GLP-1 ntuj tsim ua haujlwm li cas? Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib seb muaj dab tsi tshwm sim nrog cov tshuaj. Yam uas cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonist ua yog ua zoo li cov tshuaj hormones ntuj tsim. Ntawd yog, nws "ua raws li" cov tshuaj hormones ntawd. Thaum cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, nws khi rau cov receptors rau GLP-1 hormone thiab ua tib yam li tau hais ua ntej. Thaum cov tshuaj ntau ntxiv, qhov cuam tshuam no kuj nce ntxiv.
Yog koj muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2, cov tshuaj no tswj cov ntshav qab zib los ntawm kev ua kom cov insulin ntau ntxiv thiab tswj kev zom zaub mov hauv plab.
Vim tias nws ua rau kom muaj kev xav tias puv npo, cov khoom noj uas noj yuav txo qis, thiab kev ntshaw zaub mov yuav txo qis. Thaum tag nrho cov no muab ua ke, qhov tshwm sim yog poob phaus.
Leej twg yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj no?
Cov kws kho mob feem ntau sau cov tshuaj no rau ob yam mob: ntshav qab zib hom 2 thiab rog dhau.
Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 2
Cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonists raug pom zoo rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib vim tias lawv zoo heev rau kev txo cov ntshav qab zib.
Muaj lwm yam tshuaj kho mob ntshav qab zib. Metformin feem ntau yog thawj qhov kev xaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom siv GLP-1 agonist hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Yog tias tus mob ntshav qab zib tsis tswj tau zoo nrog metformin ib leeg.
- Yog tias koj muaj mob uas ua rau koj tsis tuaj yeem noj metformin.
- Yog tias koj tus nqi A1C siab dua li qib koj xav tau.
- Yog tias koj tus A1C tsis raug tswj tom qab peb lub hlis ntawm kev kho mob thiab koj muaj lwm yam mob xws li atherosclerosis , lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm , lossis kab mob raum ntev .
Kev rog dhau
Qee cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonists, xws li Semaglutide thiab Liraglutide ntau, kuj tau pom zoo rau kev kho mob rog dhau, vim lawv muaj peev xwm txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev. Kev rog dhau yog ib qho mob ntev uas koj lub cev qhov hnyav (BMI) yog 30 lossis siab dua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob yuav sau cov tshuaj no rau ib tus neeg uas muaj BMI ntawm 25 thiab 29.9 (rog dhau) thiab muaj lwm yam mob uas tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev poob phaus.
Kev rog dhau yog ib yam mob nyuaj heev. Kev siv tshuaj ib leeg tsis txaus. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tsuas yog ua tau thaum muaj ntau yam ua ke, xws li kev noj zaub mov zoo, kev tawm dag zog, thiab kev hloov tus cwj pwm .
Yuav siv tshuaj li cas thiab siv ntau zaus npaum li cas
Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia meej rau koj tias yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj no thaum twg thiab noj ntau npaum li cas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia no kom meej. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov sijhawm siv cov tshuaj txhaj no tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no.
| Lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj | Kev siv zaus |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide | Ib zaug ib lub lim tiam |
| Exenatide | Ob zaug ib hnub |
| Exenatide (tso tawm ntev) | Ib zaug ib lub lim tiam |
| Liraglutide | Ib zaug ib hnub |
| Lixisenatide | Ib zaug ib hnub |
| Semaglutide | Ib zaug ib lub lim tiam |
| Tirzepatide | Ib zaug ib lub lim tiam |
Semaglutide kuj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntsiav tshuaj. Nws yog ib yam tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau noj txhua hnub.
Cov tshuaj no muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv dab tsi?
Ntxiv rau kev txo cov ntshav qab zib thiab poob phaus, kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov tshuaj no muaj ntau lwm yam txiaj ntsig.
- Txo cov ntshav siab.
- Txhim kho cov teeb meem lipid xws li cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav.
- Txo cov kab mob rog hauv siab.
- Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob plawv thiab kab mob raum.
- Tswj tus nqi ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy (kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum los ntawm ntshav qab zib).
Cia peb kawm txog cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj, cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonists tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov neeg tsis muaj cov no, thiab yog tias lawv muaj, lawv ploj mus tom qab ob peb hnub.
| Hom kev mob tshwm sim | |
|---|---|
| Cov Kev Mob Tshwm Sim Feem Ntau | |
Cov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum koj thawj zaug pib noj tshuaj lossis thaum nce qhov koob tshuaj. | |
| Lwm Cov Kev Mob Tshwm Sim | |
| |
| Cov Kev Mob Tshwm Sim Tsis tshua muaj tab sis hnyav heev | |
|
Kev Pheej Hmoo thiab Teeb Meem
Feem ntau cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonists yog cov tshuaj muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo uas yuav tsum paub txog.
Kev Ua Xua
Tej zaum yuav muaj ib txhia neeg ua xua rau cov tshuaj no. Yog tias koj khaus lossis liab ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Tsis tshua muaj, yuav muaj kev ua xua loj heev hu ua anaphylaxis . Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no, hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob lossis mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ze tshaj plaws.
- Ua pa nyuaj
- Mob pob khaus
- Nyuaj nqos
- Mob pob liab
- Mob plab
- Lub hauv siab nruj
Siv thaum cev xeeb tub
Tsis pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonists thaum cev xeeb tub. Kev tshawb fawb txog tsiaj txhu tau qhia tias cov tshuaj no yuav ua rau tus menyuam hauv plab puas tsuaj. Koj yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev xeeb tub kom txaus los tiv thaiv kev xeeb tub thaum noj cov tshuaj no. Yog tias koj cev xeeb tub thaum noj cov tshuaj no, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Cov ntshav qab zib qis (Hypoglycemia)
Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav qab zib qis (hypoglycemia) yog qis thaum koj noj cov tshuaj no ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj noj lwm yam tshuaj kho mob ntshav qab zib, xws li insulin lossis sulfonylurea, nrog rau cov tshuaj no, qhov kev pheej hmoo no yuav nce ntxiv ntau heev.
Mob ntshav qab zib tsawg yog ib yam mob uas cov ntshav qab zib poob qis dua 70 mg/dL. Yog tias tsis kho sai sai, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Cov yam ntxwv:
- Kev tshee hnyo ntawm lub cev
- Tawm hws thiab xav tias txias
- Kiv taub hau thiab qhov muag xiav
- Lub cev tsis muaj sia
- Lub plawv dhia ceev
- Xav tias tshaib plab heev
- Nyuaj siab rau kev tsom ntsoov
- Daim tawv nqaij daj ntseg
- Xeev siab
Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, koj yuav tsum noj sai sai ib yam dab tsi uas muaj suab thaj lossis carbohydrates. Piv txwv li, ib nrab txiv tsawb lossis ib nrab khob kua txiv apple.
Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum nrog kws kho mob tham?
Yog koj siv cov tshuaj GLP-1 agonist, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tsis tu ncua kom paub seb nws ua haujlwm zoo npaum li cas. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog cov hauv qab no:
- Yog tias cov kev mob tshwm sim ua rau koj ntxhov siab.
- Yog koj xav tias cov tshuaj tsis pab koj tus mob.
- Yog koj xav tsum tsis txhob noj tshuaj.
- Yog tias koj cev xeeb tub lossis npaj yuav cev xeeb tub.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- GLP-1 agonists yog ib pawg tshuaj zoo heev uas pab tswj cov ntshav qab zib hom 2 thiab kev rog dhau.
- Cov no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua raws li cov tshuaj hormones hu ua GLP-1 uas muaj nyob hauv peb lub cev.
- Cov no pab tswj cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav, txo qhov hnyav, thiab muab qee qhov kev tiv thaiv rau lub plawv thiab lub raum.
- Thaum siv cov tshuaj no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum hloov pauv koj txoj kev ua neej thiab kev noj haus. Qhov no ib leeg xwb tsis yog 'khawv koob'.
- Ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj, cov tshuaj no muaj tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog lawv.
- Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj no puas yog rau koj. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog siv cov no raws li kev qhia ntawm kws kho mob xwb.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus