Koj puas xav tias koj cov ntshav ntws tsis zoo hauv koj txhais caj npab? Cia peb tham txog qhov '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)' no!

Koj puas muaj tej lub sij hawm koj xav tias nkees, mob, lossis loog thaum koj siv koj txhais caj npab lossis tsa ib yam dab tsi hnyav? Los yog ib sab caj npab puas txias dua lwm sab? Cov no yuav yog cov cim qhia tias cov hlab ntsha loj uas xa ntshav mus rau koj txhais caj npab tau nqaim. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho mob zoo li no, uas hu ua '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)'.

"(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)" yog dab tsi? Cia peb nkag siab yooj yim!

Hais yooj yim xwb, '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)' yog ib qho kev nqaim, uas yog, ib qho mob zoo li kev txhaws, ntawm cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb (peb hu ua '(Subclavian Artery)') uas muab ntshav rau koj txhais caj npab. Xav txog nws zoo li cov av tau sib sau ua ke hauv cov kav dej thiab nws maj mam nqaim. Tom qab ntawd qhov ceev ntawm cov dej txo qis, puas yog? Nws yog li ntawd nrog qhov no. Feem ntau, qhov nqaim no tshwm sim thaum cov khoom rog (peb hu ua '(plaque)') tau tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha no. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm yam laj thawj thiab. Nws zoo li '(ceev pob)' ntawm txoj kev, uas ua rau cov ntshav ntws qeeb me ntsis.

Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​txog ib yam mob hu ua Kab Mob Peripheral Artery (PAD), uas ua rau cov hlab ntsha hauv ob txhais ceg nqaim. Yam mob no, uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv caj npab, hu ua Subclavian Artery Stenosis.

Muaj coob tus neeg muaj tus mob no tab sis tsis muaj tsos mob dab tsi li. Qhov ntawd yog vim tias lwm cov hlab ntsha ntawm peb lub cev ua haujlwm tau zoo heev. Yog tias ib txoj hlab ntsha raug thaiv, lwm cov hlab ntsha yuav sim ua kom puv qhov sib txawv. Qhov ntawd yog, lawv sim muab cov ntshav uas txhais tes xav tau.

Feem ntau, qhov mob "(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)" no tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha uas muab ntshav rau sab caj npab laug . Vim tias, "(Subclavian Artery)" ntawm sab laug yog faib ncaj qha los ntawm "(Aorta)," cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws uas los ntawm peb lub plawv. Yog li ntawd, muaj feem ntau dua ntawm teeb meem nrog nws. Ib qho ntawm sab xis los ntawm lwm cov hlab ntsha. Tab sis tsis tshua muaj, qhov mob no tuaj yeem pom hauv ob sab caj npab laug thiab sab xis.

Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Yog koj saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub tebchaws zoo li Asmeskas, feem ntau ntawm 2% thiab 7% muaj tus mob no. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm cov neeg uas twb muaj "Peripheral Vascular Disease" (cov hlab ntsha nqaim), tus lej no yog li 19%. Kuj tseem hais tias tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov poj niam .

Cov tsos mob ntawm '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)' yog dab tsi?

Zoo li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, tsis yog txhua tus yuav muaj cov tsos mob. Tab sis yog tias lawv muaj, lawv yuav zoo li no:

• Cov leeg nqaij mob thaum siv sab caj npab uas raug mob. Xav txog tias thaum koj tsa ib yam dab tsi hnyav lossis ua ib yam dab tsi nrog koj txhais tes, cov leeg nqaij hauv koj txhais caj npab yuav nruj thiab zoo li lawv mob.
• Mob los yog mob txhav tes thaum siv tes uas raug mob.
• Tes uas raug mob tsis muaj zog los yog tsis muaj kev xav (peb hu qhov no ua "Paresthesia". Zoo li tes ntawd tsuas yog tsis muaj zog lawm xwb.
• Kiv taub hau - qhov no yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj.
• Kev tsaus muag - Qhov no kuj tsis tshua muaj.
• Vertigo - Qhov no yog qhov kev xav tias koj tig ib ncig ntawm koj. Qhov no kuj tsis tshua muaj.

Muaj coob tus neeg tsis muaj tsos mob vim tias cov ntshav uas mus rau ntawm caj npab yog los ntawm lwm cov hlab ntsha. Cov tsos mob pib tshwm sim tom qab cov hlab ntsha nqaim li ntawm 50% . Qee zaum, ib qho mob hu ua "Steal Syndrome" tuaj yeem ua rau muaj lwm cov tsos mob. Peb mam li tham txog qhov ntawd tom qab.

Dab tsi yog cov ua rau muaj '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)'?

Qhov ua rau muaj tus mob no yog "Atherosclerosis." Uas yog, cov rog (zoo li cov roj cholesterol) raug tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, maj mam ua rau cov hlab ntsha nqaim . Ib yam li cov nyom loj hlob hauv cov kav dej. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau feem ntau.

Sib nrug ntawm qhov ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau lwm yam laj thawj:

• Vasculitis: Ib qho mob o uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha.
• Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Yog tias koj tau txais kev kho mob hluav taws xob rau qee yam xws li mob qog noj ntshav hauv thaj tsam hauv siab.
• Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Kev nias ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha uas khiav ntawm lub hauv siab sab saud mus rau lub caj dab thiab caj npab.
• (Takayasu's Arteritis): Ib qho mob o uas cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj niam hluas.
• Fibromuscular Dysplasia: Kev nqaim ntawm cov hlab ntsha vim yog kev loj hlob tsis zoo ntawm cov leeg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas hauv phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
• Neurofibromatosis: Ib yam mob caj ces uas ua rau muaj qog nqaij hlav hauv lub paj hlwb.

Cov yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo no yog dab tsi? Leej twg yuav tsum ceev faj dua?

Muaj ib txhia neeg yuav muaj feem mob "(Subclavian Artery Stenosis). Saib seb cov yam txaus ntshai no puas siv tau rau koj:

• Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 50-60 xyoo.
• Muaj ntshav siab (Hypertension). Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua "ntshav siab".
• Muaj mob ntshav qab zib (Diabetes Mellitus / Diabetes). Nws kuj hu ua "kab mob qab zib", puas yog?
• Cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv.
• Noj cov khoom noj uas muaj roj saturated thiab trans fat ntau (xws li butter, margarine, cov khoom noj uas muaj roj ntau, cov khoom noj ceev ceev)
• Siv cov khoom luam yeeb (xws li haus luam yeeb, zom txiv laum huab xeeb).
• Zaum hauv ib qho chaw ntev dhau thiab tsis tawm dag zog.
• Lub cev hnyav (BMI) ntau dua 25 txhais tau tias koj rog dhau rau koj qhov siab.
• Muaj tus kab mob peripheral artery disease (PAD).
• Muaj tus mob (Takayasu's Arteritis).

Cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim ntawm '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)' yog dab tsi?

Yog tias tus mob no tsis raug kho kom zoo lossis tsis raug tswj, qee qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

• (Subclavian nyiag Syndrome):Qhov no yog ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb me ntsis. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm no yog vim tias cov ntshav ntws mus rau tes raug txo qis, qee cov ntshav uas mus rau lub hlwb raug rub mus rau tes thaum ua haujlwm nrog lawv. Tom qab ntawd cov ntshav mus rau lub hlwb txo qis, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tej yam xws li kiv taub hau thiab qhov muag xiav.
• Kab mob Coronary Steal Syndrome: Qhov no zoo ib yam li thawj zaug, tab sis ntawm no qee cov ntshav uas mus rau lub plawv raug xa mus rau sab caj npab. Qhov no tsis tshua muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas tau phais bypass.
• Ib daim roj uas nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha yuav tawg thiab lo rau hauv cov hlab ntsha me me ze ntawm cov ntiv tes. Qhov no tuaj yeem txiav cov ntshav ntws mus rau cov ntiv tes, ua rau lawv mob thiab ua rau mob.
• Txo cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub plawv, lub hlwb, lossis tes.
• (TIA - Transient Ischemic Attack): Qhov no zoo li me me '(mob stroke)'. Cov tsos mob xws li cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub hlwb tsawg dua rau lub sijhawm luv luv, tsis muaj peev xwm hais lus, thiab poob ntawm ob txhais ceg tuaj thiab mus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj 'mob stroke' loj.

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob no li cas (Subclavian Artery Stenosis)?

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob uas tau hais los saum toj no, thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws yuav xub kuaj koj. Qhov no hu ua "kev kuaj lub cev."

• Nyob ntawd, lawv yuav kuaj koj lub plawv dhia thiab ntshav siab .
• Tej zaum koj tab tom kuaj xyuas seb ib sab tes puas txias dua lwm sab.
• Xyuas seb puas muaj tej qhov txhab ntawm ob txhais tes, thiab seb puas tsis zoo (tej qhov txhab yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua los kho vim ntshav ncig tsis zoo).
• Koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas seb lub plawv dhia ntawm ib sab caj npab puas tsis muaj zog.

Qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias, tsis zoo li kev kuaj xyuas ib txwm muaj, tus kws kho mob yuav ntsuas koj cov ntshav siab ntawm ob sab caj npab . Qhov no yog ua los sib piv qhov '(siab)' ntawm ob sab caj npab. Yog tias qhov '(systolic)' siab dua li 10-15 millimeters '(mmHg)' dua li lwm sab caj npab, nws yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm tus mob hu ua '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)'. Qhov '(siab)' siab dua hauv sab caj npab uas tau txais ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha noj qab haus huv.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yog tias koj tus kws kho mob hnov ​​​​​​lub suab "swoosh" (hu ua "bruit") thaum lawv mloog koj cov hlab ntsha hauv koj lub caj dab nrog lub stethoscope, qhov no kuj tseem yuav yog ib qho cim qhia txog kev nqaim ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Tsis tshua muaj, cov neeg uas muaj tus mob no vim yog lwm yam ua rau kuj tseem yuav muaj cov tsos mob ntsig txog cov kab mob ntawd.

Tseem muaj kev kuaj dab tsi ntxiv los xyuas kom meej?

Yog koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj Subclavian Artery Stenosis, nws yuav xub hais kom koj mus kuaj ultrasound ua ntej. Qhov no tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov ceev ntawm cov ntshav ntws thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov kev ntsuam xyuas hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua tau los saib cov hlab ntsha:

• (CT Angiogram - Computed Tomography Angiogram): Qhov no yog ib hom kev luam theej duab CT tshwj xeeb. Ib hom xim zas raug txhaj rau hauv kom pom cov hlab ntsha meej.
• (MRA - Magnetic Resonance Angiogram): Qhov no zoo li MRI scan, tab sis nws yog tshwj xeeb rau kev saib cov hlab ntsha.
• Kev Siv Angiogram Ib Txwm Muaj (Invasive):Hauv qhov no, ib lub raj me me raug xa mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, ib qho xim raug txhaj tshuaj, thiab "(X-ray)" raug thaij. Qee zaum siv ib txoj kev hu ua "(Digital Subtraction)". Qhov no tshem tawm cov khoom xws li pob txha thiab tsuas yog tso cai rau cov hlab ntsha kom pom tseeb.

Cov kev kho mob rau '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)' yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb koj puas muaj cov tsos mob thiab qhov mob hnyav npaum li cas.

Cov neeg uas muaj cov tsos mob yuav xav tau kev kho mob zoo li no:

• (Aspirin): Txo cov ntshav txhaws thiab pab ua kom cov ntshav nyias.
• Cov tshuaj txo cov roj cholesterol: Txo cov rog uas sib sau ua ke hauv cov hlab ntsha.
• Tshuaj rau ntshav siab .
• Yog tias qhov ua rau yog '(Vasculitis), ces nws yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj.
• Angioplasty: Hauv qhov no, ib lub cuab yeej me me zoo li lub npas yuav raug ntxig rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas raug txhaws thiab cua kom cov hlab ntsha dav dua. Feem ntau, ib lub stent (ib lub cuab yeej me me zoo li daim ntaub mesh) raug ntxig rau hauv kom nws tsis txhob nqaim dua.
• Kev Phais Mob Los Ntawm Txoj Hlab Ntshav: Qhov no yog ib qho kev phais mob uas tsis tshua muaj. Nws yog kev hla txoj hlab ntshav uas raug thaiv thiab tsim ib txoj kev tshiab siv lwm txoj hlab ntshav (tej zaum yuav muab los ntawm ceg) lossis ib txoj hlab ntshav cuav.

Txawm tias koj tsis muaj tsos mob los xij, koj tus kws kho mob yuav nrhiav seb puas muaj rog nyob hauv koj cov hlab ntsha (atherosclerosis). Qhov mob no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha txhua qhov chaw hauv lub cev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau "mob stroke" lossis "mob plawv nres." Yog li ntawd, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom ua li no:

• Ua kom lub cev muaj zog tsawg kawg yog 30 feeb hauv ib hnub, feem ntau hnub ntawm lub lim tiam. (Xws li kev taug kev, kev khiav, kev tawm dag zog)
• Tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo.
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb kiag li.
• Noj cov zaub mov uas tsis muaj roj ntau thiab cov roj trans (noj zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, taum pauv, thiab fiber ntau).

Puas muaj teeb meem lossis cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob?

Cov tshuaj twg los xij yeej ua rau muaj tej yam tsis zoo me me xwb. Yog koj muaj tej yam tsis zoo uas ua rau koj mob siab thiab tsis zoo mus ntev thaum koj noj tshuaj, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham.

Qee zaum, kev phais lossis cov txheej txheem zoo li "Angioplasty" tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem zoo li no:

• Los ntshav.
• Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha.
• Cov ntshav txhaws.
• Lub stent uas muab tso rau hauv tsis nthuav dav zoo lossis tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw raug.
• Cov stent uas muab tso rau hauv lub raj mis tawg.
• Cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv dua.
• Tsis tshua muaj, mob stroke tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab angioplasty lossis phais.

Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas los kho kom rov zoo los ntawm cov kev kho mob no?

Tom qab phais Angioplasty, koj yuav tsum tau so li ib hnub. Koj yuav muaj peev xwm tsav tsheb thiab mus ua haujlwm tau hauv ib lub lim tiam. Txawm li cas los xij, phais Bypass yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua kom rov zoo. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj ntxiv txog qhov no nyob ntawm koj tus mob.

Yog tias kuv muaj '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)', yuav ua li cas? Yav tom ntej yuav zoo li cas?

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob, kev kho mob yuav pab tau koj cov hlab ntsha qhib thiab txo koj cov tsos mob. Yog koj tsis muaj cov tsos mob, tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob.

Tab sis txawm koj muaj cov tsos mob los tsis muaj, Subclavian Artery Stenosis yog ib qho cim ceeb toom ntawm koj lub cev . Feem ntau, nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm Atherosclerosis (cov rog hauv cov hlab ntsha). Yog tias ib txoj hlab ntsha raug thaiv, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau lwm cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv. Yog vim li ntawd koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom tswj koj cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau muaj kab mob plawv .

Qhov no suav nrog:

• Yog koj haus luam yeeb, tsum kiag li.
• Tswj cov ntshav siab.
• Tswj cov roj cholesterol siab.
• Tswj lossis tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib.

Kev phais plawv (angioplasty) muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj 95% rau kev txo cov tsos mob. Tsib xyoos tom qab kev phais plawv, kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas tau raug thaiv lawm tseem qhib. Kev phais plawv qhib tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig ntev dua.

Yog tias koj cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv tag, cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsis zoo me ntsis.

Puas tiv thaiv tau qhov mob Subclavian Artery Stenosis?

Yog, feem ntau, cov rog uas nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha (atherosclerosis) uas ua rau qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau. Txhua yam koj yuav tsum ua yog hloov qee yam rau koj txoj kev ua neej.

• Ua kom lub cev muaj zog.
• Ua raws li kev noj zaub mov zoo (tsawg roj, qab zib, ntsev, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau dua)
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb.
• Tswj kom muaj qhov hnyav noj qab nyob zoo.

Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj hwm txhua yam mob uas koj twb muaj lawm, xws li:

• Cov roj cholesterol ntau.
• Ntshav siab (Hypertension).
• Mob ntshav qab zib.

Kuv yuav saib xyuas kuv tus kheej li cas?

Kev hloov pauv hauv koj lub neej ob peb yam uas koj ua tau los tiv thaiv Subclavian Artery Stenosis yuav pab koj txawm tias tom qab kho tas lawm los xij. Kev coj cwj pwm noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv qhov mob no kom tsis txhob rov tshwm sim dua. Yog tias tus kws kho mob muab stent tso rau hauv koj cov hlab ntsha, koj yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj xws li aspirin thiab clopidogrel kom nws tsis txhob kaw dua.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Tom qab kho mob tas, koj yuav raug hais kom mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob txhua rau lub hlis rau ob xyoos thawj zaug. Tom qab ntawd txog ib xyoos ib zaug. Qhov no yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj tus mob thiab qhov chaw uas koj raug kho. Yog li, ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kom meej.

Kuv yuav tsum mus rau Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU) thaum twg?

Cov neeg uas muaj Subclavian Artery Stenosis kuj tseem yuav muaj cov rog nyob rau hauv lwm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev. Qhov no suav nrog cov hlab ntsha uas muab ntshav rau koj lub plawv (cov hlab ntsha coronary). Yog tias cov hlab ntsha no raug thaiv, koj yuav muaj mob plawv nres. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm mob plawv nres , nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob plawv nres yuav muaj xws li:

• Mob hauv siab los yog nruj (qhov mob no yuav kis mus rau caj npab, caj dab, lossis lub puab tsaig).
• Ua pa nyuaj.
• Kiv taub hau, xav tias lub taub hau me me.
• Zoo li koj lub plawv dhia ceev.
• Mob plab, xeev siab, ntuav.

Kuv yuav tsum nug kuv tus kws kho mob li cas?

Thaum koj mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob, koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug zoo li no:

• Kuv puas xav tau kev kho mob?
• Kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau kuv tus mob yog dab tsi?
• Koj ua cov kev kho mob no pes tsawg zaus hauv koj lub tsev kho mob/chaw kho mob txhua xyoo?
• Koj puas xa tau ib tug neeg uas pab tau kuv tsim kom muaj tus cwj pwm noj qab haus huv rau lub plawv? (piv txwv li, ib tug kws noj haus)

Puas yog '(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)' txaus ntshai?

Yog, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws ua rau muaj tus mob hu ua "Steal Syndrome", uas txhais tau tias cov ntshav tsawg dua raug thawb mus rau lub hlwb lossis lub plawv, thiab hloov chaw nws raug xa mus rau caj npab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau los tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no yog ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia txog kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab kev tawm dag zog.

Thaum koj pom tias koj muaj Subclavian Artery Stenosis, tej zaum nws yog thawj zaug uas koj tau hnov ​​txog cov hlab ntsha ntawd. Tab sis, xav txog qhov no yog cov lus los ntawm koj lub cev: Koj muaj Atherosclerosis. Yog tias nws nyob hauv ib txoj hlab ntsha, nws kuj tuaj yeem nyob rau lwm qhov. Yog li, ua cov kauj ruam tam sim no kom koj lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha noj qab haus huv.

Thaum kawg, cov lus coj mus tsev

Zoo, yog li tam sim no koj nkag siab zoo dua txog qhov peb tau tham txog, "(Subclavian Artery Stenosis)." Tsis txhob txhawj , yog tias nws raug kuaj pom thaum ntxov thiab tswj hwm kom zoo, koj tuaj yeem tsis muaj teeb meem.

Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov no feem ntau muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog peb txoj kev ua neej. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias noj zaub mov zoo, tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua , tsis txhob haus luam yeeb, thiab tswj cov mob xws li ntshav qab zib, ntshav siab, thiab roj cholesterol .

• Yog tias koj feem ntau hnov ​​mob, loog, lossis qaug zog hauv koj txhais tes, tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej thiab nrhiav kev kho mob.
• Ua raws li tus kws kho mob txoj kev kho mob thiab cov lus qhia kom meej.
• Qhov no tsis yog teeb meem ntawm tes xwb, tab sis yog ib qho cim qhia tias koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv.

Mloog koj lub cev thiab sim ua kom koj noj qab nyob zoo!

` Kev Mob Pob Qij Txha Hauv Qab Clavian, Mob Caj Npab, Mob Tes Caj Npab, Kev Ncua Cov Hlab Ntshav, Kev Kho Angioplasty, Stent, Atherosclerosis