HIV enkawlna ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) chungchang zawng zawng chu a awlsam zawngin

HIV i vei tih i hriat chuan i rilru a buai a, i mangang tih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, nangmah chauh i ni lo. Tunah chuan medical science hian hma a sawn nasa hle. HIV hi control theih a ni a, hrisel tak, dam rei tak i nung thei a ni. Hemi atana ralthuam chak ber kan neih chu ART treatment hi a ni. Chuvangin vawiin hian he ART enkawlna hi eng nge a nih, eng nge a tih, engtin nge a hnathawh tih hi i hriatthiam theih nan awlsam takin han sawi ila.

ART enkawlna hi a awlsam zawngin eng nge ni?

ART hi Antiretroviral Therapy tih acronym a ni a . A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, HIV hrik kai enkawlna atana damdawi pekte inzawmkhawm a ni. HIV hi kan taksa invenna (immune system) beitu virus a ni. A bik takin, kan taksaa ‘sipai’ ang maia thawk CD4 cells (helpper T-cells tia koh bawk) te hian he hri hi an tichhe vek a ni. Heng CD4 cells te hi a bo chuan kan taksa invenna (defence system) chu a tlakbuak ta a ni. Tichuan, natna khirh tak tak leh hri kai, a tlangpuiin a awm loh tur vei theihna chance a sang zawk hle.

Viral load a tlahniam chuan i taksa hian CD4 cell tam zawk a siam leh thei a ni. Hei hian i immune system a tichak a, natna khirh tak tak lakah a veng bawk.

ART hi a tlangpuiin damdawi pahnih atanga pali inzawmkhawm a ni. Damdawi engemaw zat, kawng hrang hranga hnathawk thei pek hi damdawi pakhat chauh pek ai chuan a hlawk zawk. Tin, virus hian damdawi laka invenna a neih theihna a ti tlem bawk.

Engvangin nge hei hi ‘Antiretroviral’ an tih?

HIV hi virus pawl pakhat Retroviruses an tih zinga mi a ni a . A tlangpuiin RNA (message copy) hi kan cell chhunga DNA (kan genetic information) atanga siam a ni. Mahse he Retrovirus hian a kalh zawngin a ti thung. Chu chu a chhunga RNA awmte hmangin kan cell chhunga DNA a siam tihna a ni. Chuvang chuan heng damdawi te hi chutiang kalphung kalh zawnga hna an thawh avangin ‘Antiretroviral’ an ti a ni. ART, cART (combined ART) emaw HAART (highly active ART) emaw tia koh an ni tih i hre mai thei. Heng zawng zawng hi thumal awmzia inang vek an ni.

Viral load ‘undetectable’ neih hi eng nge a awmzia?

Hei hi ART-a thil pawimawh leh hlawkthlak ber a ni. Damdawi i ei dik chuan i thisenah HIV virus (viral load) a tlem em em a, routine test-ah pawh hriat theih a ni lo. Hei hi ‘undetectable’ level an ti a. Hei hi thisen milliliter khatah virus copy 20 aia tlem (< 20 copies/mL) tihna a ni tlangpui.

‘Undetectable’ tih hian i dam tawh tihna a ni lo. I damdawi ei kha i chawlhsan chuan i taksaa virus thup chu a active leh thei a ni. Tin, HIV test i tih chuan ‘positive’ angin a la lang ang a, a chhan chu chu test-te chuan virus laka antibody an zawng a, virus ngei pawh a zawng lo.

Engtin nge ART hian hna a thawh? HIV hrik chanchin

He damdawi hian hna a thawh dan hrethiam tur chuan HIV hrik hi kan cell-ah a lut a, a copy a siam dan hi kan hriatthiam hmasak a ngai a ni.

HIV hrik hi rukru angin han ngaihtuah teh. I CD4 cell chu in a ni. He rukru hi in chhungah a lut a, in chhunga hmanraw ang chiah kha a hmang a, a copy tam tak a siam belh leh a, in dangah a zuang lut leh thin. Chutiang karah chuan chu in hmasa ber (CD4 cell) chu a chhe vek a ni.

Hetianga kalpui tur hian step engemaw zat a awm a. ART damdawi hian heng step pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw tihtawp hian hna a thawk a ni.

ART damdawi hian a chunga kan sawi tak step pakhat chu a tibuaiin hna a thawk a ni. Damdawi thenkhat chuan cell chhunga virus lut tur chu a titawp thin. Mi dangte chuan DNA siam chu an titawp bawk. Mi dangte erawh chuan virus thar a khawlkhawm loh nan an titawp thung.

ART enkawlnaah hian eng damdawi nge hman?

ART damdawi hi chi hrang hrangah then theih a ni. Group tin hian HIV virus nun chhung hmun hrang hrang target-in hna an thawk a ni.

• Entry Inhibitors: Hengte hian CD4 cell chhunga virus lut tur a veng a ni.
• Capsid Inhibitors: Virus ‘toolbox’ (Capsid) a inhawng emaw, a inzawm leh emaw loh nan a veng.
• Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs): Virus hian DNA a siam hian a mamawh ‘brick’ ang deuh brick ‘fake’ a pe chhuak thin. Hengte hi hman a nih chuan DNA chain hi a zo thei lo.
• Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs): Hengte hi DNA siamtu enzyme (Reverse Transcriptase)-ah direct-in an kal a, an inactivate a ni.
• Integrase Inhibitors (INSTIs): Viral DNA leh kan cell DNA inzawmkhawmtu enzyme (integrase) a titawp thin.
• Protease Inhibitors (PIs): Protein cutting enzyme (protease) hian virus thar a khawlkhawm loh nan a titawp thin.
• Pharmacokinetic Enhancers (Boosters): Hengte hian virus hi direct-in a nghawng lo va, ART damdawi dangte chu taksaah rei zawk leh concentration sang zawka awm turin a pui a ni.

Damdawi pek che hi heng class engemaw zat inzawmkhawm a ni fo thin. Entirnan, NRTI pahnih leh integrase inhibitor atanga siam pill pakhat a ni thei.

Engtin nge ka tan ART damdawi dik tak ka thlan theih ang?

I enkawltu doctor chuan thil engemaw zat a ngaihtuah hnuah i tan damdawi inkawp tha ber tur a ruat ang.

• I viral load leh CD4 count: Enkawl tan tirh hian heng value te hi eng nge ni tih hriat a pawimawh.
• Damdawi invenna (drug resistance of the virus): A chang chuan damdawi thenkhat lakah hian virus hi a do thei ta a ni. Chu chu hriat chian nan test pawh tih theih a ni.
• Damdawi lam harsatna dang, kal natna, thin natna, thinlung natna, zunthlum, cholesterol sang emaw i neih chuan i doctor hnenah i hrilh tur a ni.
• Damdawi dang i ei tur: Natna dang damdawi i ei a nih chuan, chu damdawi leh ART damdawi te chu inzawmna a awm thei a ni.
• Naupai: Naupai emaw, naupai tum emaw i nih chuan i tana tha tur damdawi him tak tak a awm a.
• Damdawi ei awlsam: Ni khata vawi khat ei tur emaw, ni khatah vawi hnih ei tur emaw, ei tur nen emaw ei loh tur emaw, i nunphung nena a inmil dan te ngaihtuah rawh.

ART enkawlna hian eng hlawkna leh hlauhawmna nge a neih?

A thatna te

• Immune system tihchak: CD4 cells a pung a, chu chuan i taksain natna a do theihna a tipung a ni.
• Natna khirh tak laka invenna: HIV hian hun remchang hmanga hri kai, pneumonia leh TB lakah a veng thei a ni.
• Cancer vei theihna a tlahniam: HIV kaihhnawih cancer (e.g. Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma) vei theihna a tlahniam.
• AIDS ven dan: Enkawl loh chuan HIV hrik kai hi a tawp ber AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) an tih thlengin a kal thei a ni. ART hian hei hi a titawp ta a ni.
• Midangte hnena hri kai venna:Sawi tawh ang khan (U=U) , i viral load hi hriat theih loh a nih chuan mipat hmeichhiatna hmangin midang hnenah i darh thei dawn lo.
• Hrisel, dam rei: Damdawi ei \ha tak chuan HIV nei lo ang bawkin dam chhung pangngaiin a nung thei a ni.

Risk leh side effect a awm thei

Mi thenkhat chuan ART an tan tirh hian side effect an nei thei. Mahse, hengte hi hun eng emaw chen atan a ni tlangpui a, taksain damdawi a insiamrem avangin kar tlemte hnuah a bo thin.

• Nausea, luak chhuak
• Pum natna, ril\am
• Lu na
• Luak chhuak thei
• Chauhna, hahna
• Mu thei lo
• Vun a hring chhuak

Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan i damdawi ei kha bansan suh la , i doctor hnenah hrilh rawh. A solution zawng turin a pui thei che a, a tul chuan i tana tha zawk damdawi dang hmangin a thlak thei bawk che a ni. Damdawi thenkhat hian hun rei tak chhung atan side effect a nei thei a, chu chu i cholesterol level tihsan te hi a ni. Chuvang chuan i doctor chuan a check reng ang che.

Engtin nge enkawlna hlawhtlinna chu i enfiah thin?

ART i tan hnuah i doctor chuan schedule bik siamin a check ang che. Test lian pahnih a ti dawn a ni.

Damdawi ei ni khat pawh lo hmang tawh suh!

ART enkawlna hlawhtlinna atana harsatna lian ber chuNitin, a hun takah, ni khat pawh tlai lovin i damdawi ei thin ang che. Dose i miss a nih chuan virus hian i taksa chhungah a pung leh thei a ni. Chutiang a nih chuan virus chu i damdawi ei (drug resistance) lakah a resistant thei a ni. Tichuan damdawi chuan hna a thawk tawh lo ang a, enkawlna dang i pan a ngai dawn a ni. Chuvangin, i phone-a hriat nawn tirna siam emaw, chhungte hriat nawn tir tura ngen emaw pawh nise, a hun taka i damdawi ei hi a pawimawh hle.