Type 1 Diabetes chungchang hi a awlsam zawngin i zir vek ang u.

I fa chu rang takin a tuihal hle a, a zun fo em? Zanah khum a hnim tan tawh em? A nih loh leh chaw ei tha chung pawhin a rihna a tlahniam em? Heng thilte hi thil pangngai angin hnawl suh. Hengte hi Type 1 Diabetes an tih natna chhinchhiahna hmasa ber a ni thei. Hei hi damchhung dinhmun a ni a, naupang te te, puitling naupang te, a chang chuan puitling te pawh a nghawng thei a ni. Mahse, lungngai suh, chipchiar takin kan sawi dawn nia.

A awlsam zawngin, Type 1 Diabetes hi eng nge ni?

Type 1 diabetes hi keimahni immune system-a harsatna awm vang a ni. A dik tak chuan autoimmune disease a ni . A tlangpuiin kan immune system hian natna thlentu hrik te chu a do thin. Mahse hetiang a nih chuan kan immune system a kal sual a, kan pancreas-a hormone insulin siamtu cell te chu a tichhia tan ta a ni.

Insulin hi kan taksa chhunga cell awmte kawngkhar hawnsaktu chabi angin ngaihtuah teh. Kan ei tur a sugar (glucose) chu chakna angin cell-ah a luh theih nan he insulin key hi a tul tak zet a ni. Chuvangin chu cell te chu an tihchhiat chuan insulin siamchhuah chu a tawp vek a ni. Thil thleng chu thisen chhunga sugar awm chu cell-ah a lut thei lo va, thisenah a pung khawm a ni. Hei hi thisen sugar level sang (hyperglycemia) kan ti a. Hei hi thunun loh chuan taksaah chhiatna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni.

Type 1 diabetes symptoms te chu engte nge ni? Engtin nge i hriat chian?

Heng symptoms te hi zawi zawiin a intan tlangpui a, ni engemaw zat emaw kar engemaw zat emaw chhungin a na thei hle. Nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga tu emaw hian heng symptoms te hi an neih chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor pan a, thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.

Heng emergency symptoms te hian nunna atana hlauhawm tak Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) tih a tilang a ni. Hetiang thil i hmuh chuan damdawi in pakhata Emergency Department (ETU)-ah rei vak lovah kal rawh.

Engvangin nge hetiang hi a lo awm? Eng nge a chhan?

Scientist-te chuan type 1 diabetes awm chhan dik tak chu an la hre lo a, mahse genetics leh environmental factors inzawmkhawm avanga lo awm niin an ngai

A awlsam zawngin, mi pakhat hian he natna hi a vei theihna tur genetic predisposition a nei thei a ni. Tichuan, virus emaw, boruak chhunga thil dang emaw chuan taksa invenna system chu a tichhuak thei a, chu attack dik lo chu a tichhuak thei a ni.

Chhungkuaa mi tu emaw hian he natna hi a vei chuan midangte vei theihna chance a sang deuh a ni.

• Chhungkaw zingah tumahin an neih loh chuan a hlauhawmna chu mi 250 zinga 1 vel a ni.
• Nuin a neih chuan a hlauhawmna chu mi 25 zinga 1 leh mi 100 zinga 1 inkar a ni.
• Pain a neih chuan risk chu 17 zinga 1 a ni.
• Nu leh pa pahnihin an neih chuan a hlauhawmna chu mi 10 zinga 1 leh mi 4 zinga 1 inkar a ni thei.

Type 1 diabetes avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

Hun rei tak chhunga thisen sugar level sang lutuk thunun loh chuan taksa peng hrang hrang a tichhe thei a ni. Chuvangin thisen sugar level hi a remchan dan anga dah a pawimawh hle.

Harsatna awm thei te:

• Mit lama harsatna: mit hmuh lohna (retinopathy), mitdelna ang chi thil.
• Ke lama harsatna: Ke ruh natna, hliam dam lo leh na tak.
• Lung natna leh thisen sang.
• Kal natna: Hun kal zelah kal a chhiat thin.
• Nerve chhiatna (Neuropathy): Ke leh ke ruh natna leh taksa peng hrang hranga tingling ang chi thil.
• Vun natna: Vun a vawt, natna hrik kai fo.
• Stroke vei theihna a sang .

Heng thilte hi hlau lovin, i thisen sugar level tha taka control-in heng harsatna zawng zawng deuhthaw lakah hian i inveng thei tih hre reng ang che. Tin, he natna nena nun hian rilru hahna leh lungngaihna a thlen thei bawk. Chuvangin, i rilru hriselna bakah i taksa hriselna pawh ngaihtuah a pawimawh hle . A tul chuan damdawi lam thurawn la rawh.

Engtin nge doctor-te hian he natna hi dik taka an hriat theih?

Type 1 diabetes hmuhchhuah hi a awlsam tlangpui. I doctor chuan heng test te hi a ti ang:

• Thisen glucose test: Natna hriat chhuah a nih chuan sugar level a sang hle tlangpui.
• A1c test (Glycosylated hemoglobin test): Hei hian thla thum kalta chhunga i thisen sugar level average a teh a ni.
• Antibody test: Hei hi type 1 nge type 2 diabetes i vei em tih finfiah nan hman a ni. Thisenah hian type 1 diabetes nena inzawm autoantibodies a awm chuan type 1 a ni tih finfiah a ni.

Hei bakah hian zun test ang chi thil te pawh i ti thei bawk a, chu chuan zun chhunga ketone awm leh awm loh enfiah a ni.

Engtin nge enkawl leh enkawl a nih?

Type 1 diabetes neia nun hian dam khawchhuah nan nitin insulin i ei a ngai tihna a ni. Hei hi pill hmanga tih theih a ni lo. Heng damlote tan hian insulin hi nunna chhanhimtu a ni. Enkawlna tum ber chu thisen sugar level chu hrisel range chhunga awm reng a ni.

Hei hi mahni chauha tih tur a ni lo. Endocrinologist leh diabetes team te chuan an pui thei che a ni. Mahse, nitin thutlukna i siam a ngai a ni. Management-ah hian thil pawimawh pathum a awm a, chungte chu:

1. Insulin hmanga enkawlna

2. Glucose enkawl dan tur

3. Zirna leh hriatthiamna mamawh (Education) .

Insulin ei dan tur

Insulin chi hrang hrang a awm a. An hnathawh chak dan leh taksaa an awm rei danah an inang lo. Type pakhat aia tam hman a ngai mai thei. Insulin lak dan tlangpui engemaw zat a awm a:

• Multiple daily injection (MDI): Vun hnuaia thau layer-ah ni khatah vawi tam tak syringe hmangin insulin inject thin.
• Insulin Pen: Hei hi pen ang chi a ni a, insulin nen pre-filled a lo thleng thin. Injection aiin hman a awlsam zawk.
• Insulin pump: Hei hi hmanraw te tak te a ni a, vun hnuaia dah tube te tak te hmangin nitin taksaah insulin mamawh zat a pe chhuak thin.
• Insulin thawk chhuah: 1.1.Insulin chi khat, ka atanga inhnim chhuah a awm bawk a, chu chu asthma vei te hman thin inhaler nen a inang a ni.

Insulin i mamawh zat hi nitin, kum upat dan te, natna i neih hunah emaw, naupai lai emaw hian a danglam thei a ni.

Sugar level enfiah

Nitin i thisen sugar level i fimkhur a ngai a ni.

• Blood glucose meter: Kut zungtang atanga thisen tla tlemte lak chhuah hmanga thisen sugar level tehna hmanrua a ni.
• CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring - CGM): Vun hnuaia sensor te tak te dah hmanga minute engemaw zat danah thisen sugar level teh chhunzawm zel dan a ni a, chu data chu i phone emaw device dang emaw ah a thawn chhuak thin. Hei hi tunah chuan Sri Lanka-ah a awm tawh a ni.

I doctor chuan target blood sugar level a pe ang che. A pawimawh ber chu chutiang level-a awm reng tum hi a ni.

He natna hi a dam kim thei ang em?

Vanduaithlak takin tun dinhmunah type 1 diabetes hi damdawi a la awm lo a, mahse scientist-te chuan he natna laka inven dan tur emaw, a kal zel dan tur thunun dan tur an zirchiang chhunzawm zel a ni.

Ram changkang thenkhatah chuan transplant treatment chi hnih a awm a, mahse a hlauhawm zawk.

• Islet cell transplant: Insulin siamtu cell chauh thlak.
• Pancreas transplant: Hei hi damlo kal (kidney transplant) ngai tan chuan a ruala tih a ni tlangpui.

Hengte hi research stage-a la awm, mi zawng zawng tana hman theih loh, risky treatment an ni.