Kia ako tātou i ētahi atu kōrero mō te insulin. He aha te hiranga o tēnei mea mō ō tātou tinana?

Kua rongo pea koe i te kupu insulin, tika? Mēnā he mate huka tō tētahi o tō whānau, he mate huka rānei koe, kua mōhiotia whānuitia tēnei ingoa. Nā, he aha te insulin? He aha te hiranga o tēnei ingoa mō tō tātou tinana? Me kōrero noa iho tātou, kia mārama ai koe.

He aha te insulin? He aha tāna mahi?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, he homoni te insulin e hangaia ana i roto i ō tātou tinana. Ka hangaia e tētahi okana e kiia nei ko tō tātou repeure. Ko te mahi matua a te insulin he āwhina i ngā pūtau o tō tātou tinana ki te whakamahi i te huka, te hukahuka rānei i roto i ngā kupu hauora, mai i te kai e kainga ana e tātou hei pūngao.

Whakaarohia pēnei, he rite ngā pūtau o tō tātou tinana ki ngā whare iti. Me whai pūngao ēnei whare hei mahi. Nō te hukahuka taua pūngao. Heoi, kia taea ai e tēnei hukahuka te tomo ki ngā whare e kiia nei ko ngā pūtau, me whai kī hei whakatuwhera i te tatau. Ko taua kī ko te insulin. Ina whakatuwherahia e te insulin ngā tatau o ngā pūtau, ka uru te hukahuka i roto i te toto ki roto i ngā pūtau, ka hurihia hei pūngao.

Kua mārama kē koe ki te hiranga o te insulin, tika? Mēnā he take kāore e tika te whakaputa a te repe taiaki i te insulin, kāore rānei e taea e te tinana te whakamahi tika i te insulin e whakaputaina ana e ia, kāore e taea e taua huka te uru ki ngā pūtau. Ko te mea ka tupu ko te piki haere o te taumata huka i roto i te toto. Koinei te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko te huka toto tiketike (hyperglycemia) . Mēnā ka haere tonu tēnei āhuatanga, ka pāngia tātou e te mate e kiia nei ko te mate huka.

Tērā anō ngā momo insulin e tukuna ana ki waho hei rongoā mō te hunga mate huka. Ka matapakihia tēnei e tātou i muri mai.

Ka whakaitihia, ka whakanuia rānei e te insulin ngā taumata huka toto?

Ae, ka whakaitihia e te insulin te taumata huka toto. Koinei tana mahi matua. Engari he tino rerekē te mahi a ō tātou tinana. Tērā tētahi atu homoni e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i te taurite o ngā taumata huka toto, ko te glucagon. Ahakoa ka whakaitihia e te insulin te huka toto, ka whakapikihia e te glucagon ngā taumata huka toto ina hiahiatia. Ka mahi tahi ēnei homoni e rua ki te pupuri i ngā taumata huka toto ki te awhe hauora.

Heoi, ina tangohia e koe te insulin hei rongoā mō te mate huka, i ētahi wā, ki te nui atu i te nui e hiahiatia ana, ka tino heke te taumata huka o tō toto. Ka kiia tēnei ko te hypoglycemia . Ki te tupu tēnei, me kai, me inu rānei koe i te huka i te wā poto hei whakatika. Tērā anō hoki ngā werohanga glucagon ka taea te hoatu mēnā ka tino heke te huka o tō toto. He pai ake te kōrero ki tō tākuta mō tēnei.

Kei hea te hanga o te insulin?

E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i mua ake nei, ka hangaia te insulin i roto i tō tātou repeure. He tika ake, mā ngā pūtau beta i roto i ngā tautau pūtau motuhake e kiia nei ko ngā moutere o Langerhans i roto i te repeure.Ka hangaia tēnei homoni insulin e te repeure. He tukanga endocrine tēnei. Arā, ka tukuna tika te insulin e hangaia ana ki roto i te toto.

He mahi anō tā te repeure, ko te exocrine , arā, te tuku i ngā whākōkī mā roto i ngā awaawa hei āwhina i te nakunaku kai.

He aha ngā āhuatanga hauora ka taea te hono atu ki te insulin?

Ahakoa ka heke, ka piki, ka kore rānei e mahi tika te insulin i roto i te tinana, ka pā mai pea ngā momo mate.

Ngā āhuatanga mate huka e puta ana ina kore e ranea te insulin

Ki te kore e mahi tika te insulin, ka piki ake te taumata o te huka toto, ka hua ake te mate huka. Ka pāngia pea ētahi momo mate huka e te kino o te repeure:

• Mate huka momo 1: He mate pūnaha ārai mate tēnei. Ki te kī māmā noa, ka whakaekea e tō tātou ake pūnaha ārai mate ngā pūtau beta e hanga ana i te insulin. I roto i te wā, ka tata ngaro katoa te hanga insulin a te tinana.
• Te mate huka momo 3c (e mōhiotia ana ko te mate huka pancreatogenic): Ka puta tēnei ina pakaru te repe taiaki, ā, kāore e whakaputa ana i te insulin. Ka puta pea tēnei āhuatanga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pancreatitis mau tonu me te cystic fibrosis . Ka puta anō hoki i muri i te tangohanga o te repe taiaki mā te pokanga (pancreatectomy).
• Te mate huka ā-tinana huna i roto i ngā pakeke (LADA): Ka puta anō hoki tēnei i te tauhohenga ā-tinana, pērā i te mate huka momo 1. Heoi, ka puhoi ake te whanaketanga. Ko te LADA ka kitea i roto i te hunga neke atu i te 30 tau te pakeke.

Ngā āhuatanga i puta mai i te ātete ki te insulin

He tino take nui anō hoki tēnei mō te mate huka. Ko te ātete ki te insulin te wā kāore e aro tika ana ngā pūtau uaua, ngako, me te ate ki te insulin. He rite ki te kī i roto i te raka o te tatau e kore e mahi. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i:

• Te mate huka o mua: He āhuatanga tēnei e teitei ake ai te taumata huka toto i te mea noa, engari kāore i te tino teitei hei kī he mate huka momo 2. Ko te ātete ki te insulin te tino take.
• Mate huka momo 2: Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina piki haere te ātete o te insulin ki te wāhi kāore e taea e te repeure te whakahaere i te ātete, ka piki ake te taumata huka toto.
• Mate huka hāputanga:He āhuatanga tēnei ka puta i te wā e hapu ana. E whakapono ana ngā kairangahau ko ngā homoni e tukuna ana e te whenua whānau ka puta te ātete ki te insulin. Ki te kore e taea e te repe taiaki te wikitoria i tēnei ātete, ka puta te mate huka hāpu. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka pai ake tēnei i muri i te whānautanga o te pēpi.

Hei tāpiritanga, kei reira tētahi momo mate huka ira e kiia nei ko te Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) . E kiia ana hoki tēnei ko te mate huka monogenic . Ka puta mai i tētahi whakarerekētanga ira ka tukuna iho i roto i ngā whakatipuranga, ā, ka pā ki te āhua o te hanga me te whakamahi a te tinana i te insulin.

He āhuatanga i puta mai i te nui rawa o te insulin

Ka taea e te pukupuku tino onge e kiia nei ko te insulinoma te mea ka nui rawa te insulin e whakaputaina ana e te repe taiaki. Ka taea e tēnei te hua ake he iti rawa te huka toto, he maha ngā wā, he kino hoki. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakaora i ēnei insulinoma mā te pokanga.

He aha ngā momo insulin e wātea ana mō te mate huka?

He maha ngā momo insulin e wātea ana hei rongoā i te mate huka. Ko te nuinga he werohanga - mā te ngira, mā te pene, mā te papu rānei. Kei reira anō hoki ngā insulin manawa. Mena he mate huka tōu, mā tō tākuta e whakatau te momo me te horopeta e tika ana māu. Ka taea te whakarerekē i te horopeta ina hiahiatia.

Ko ngā momo insulin ka wehea i runga i te tere o te pānga me te roa o te noho ki te tinana .

• Inirini tere mahi: Ka tīmata te mahi a tēnei momo inirini i roto i te 5-20 meneti, ā, ka roa mō te 3-5 hāora. Ka pai ake te mahi i te kotahi ki te rua hāora i muri i te werohanga. Ko te inirini glulisine tētahi o ēnei momo. Kei roto hoki i tēnei kāwai te inirini manawa. I te nuinga o te wā ka tangohia ēnei i mua i te kai.
• Te inihurini auau, te inihurini mahi poto rānei: Kei roto i ēnei ko Novolin R® me Humulin R® . Ka tīmata tā rāua mahi i roto i te 30-45 meneti i muri i te werohanga, ā, ka roa mō te 5-8 hāora. Ka eke ki te taumata teitei i te 2-4 hāora i muri i te werohanga.
• Inirini mahi-waenga: E rua hāora te roa o tēnei momo ka tīmata te mahi. Ka pai ake te mahi i waenga i te 4 me te 12 hāora i muri i te werohanga. Ka roa mō te 14-24 hāora. Ko te inirini Isophane (NPH) tētahi o ēnei momo.
• Inisinu roa: E tata ana ki te haora te roa o tēnei momo inisinu kia tae atu ki te toto, ā, ka tīmata te mahi. Ka tino pai te mahi i waenga i te 3 me te 14 haora i muri i te werohanga. E tata ana ki te rā te roa. Ko te inisinu glargine tētahi tauira o tēnei momo.
• Te insulin tino roa te mahi: E ono hāora te roa o tēnei momo insulin ki te tae ki te toto, ā, ka noho tonu i te taumata kotahi mō ngā hāora maha (arā, kāore e eke katoa ki tōna taumata i te wā kotahi). E rua rā te roa. Ko te insulin degludec tētahi o ēnei momo.

He mea nui: Me whai tonu i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta mō te momo, te horopeta, me te tikanga o te insulin kua tohua māu. Kaua rawa e whakarerekē i te horopeta o tō insulin me te kore e kōrero ki te tākuta.

He pānga taha anō kei te rongoā i te insulin?

Ko te raruraru tino noa o te rongoā insulin ko te iti o te huka toto (hypoglycemia) e hua mai ana i te nui rawa o te insulin e tangohia ana.

Haunga tēnā, tera atu anō ētahi atu pānga taha kāore e tino kitea:

• Ngā tauhohenga kiri i ngā wāhi werohanga insulin: Ina werohangahia te insulin ki te wāhi kotahi, ka taea te hanga ngako i raro i te kiri, ka hanga he puku. Mēnā rānei, ka pakaru te ngako ka hanga he rua i roto i te kiri. Ka kiia tēnei ko te lipodystrophy ā-rohe . Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te mimiti o te insulin. Koia te mea nui kia hurihia ngā wāhi werohanga insulin i ngā wā katoa.
• Te mate pāwera ki te insulin: Ka pāngia ētahi tāngata e te mate pāwera ki ētahi momo insulin. Ka mamae pea, ka wera, ka rerekē te tae o te kiri, ka mākūkū, ka pupuhi hoki te wāhi i werohia ai mō ētahi haora.
• Ngā paturopi insulin: He tino onge, nā te mea he rerekē te insulin e hoatu ana ki waho i te insulin tūturu e hangaia ana i roto i te tinana, ka taea e tō tātou tinana te hanga paturopi hei ārai i a ia. Ka taea e ēnei paturopi te aukati i te insulin e hoatu ana ki waho kia kore e mahi tika. I tēnei wā, me tango pea e koe he horopeta nui rawa o te insulin.

Ko ēhea ngā wāhi pai rawa atu hei werohanga i te insulin?

Ka taea e koe te wero i te insulin ki ētahi wāhi o tō tinana. Ko ngā wāhi pai rawa atu hei wero i te insulin ko ngā wāhi kei reira te ngako (te kiko ngako). Ko ēnei:

• Te rohe o tō puku - engari kia 2 inihi (5 henimita) te tawhiti atu i tō pito.
• Te taha, te mua rānei o ō huha.
• Te tuara o ō ringaringa o runga.
• Te tihi o tō papa.

E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, me huri ngā wāhi e werohia ai te insulin kia kore ai e pāngia te kiri. Ki te werohia e koe tētahi wāhi i tēnei rā, werohia ki tētahi atu wāhi i te rā e whai ake nei. Ka taea e koe te pātai atu ki tō tohunga tiaki me te mātauranga mate huka, ki tō tākuta rānei mō ētahi atu kōrero mō tēnei.

He mea noa anō rānei te taumata o te insulin?

Ina hoki, kāore he "noa" mō ngā taumata insulin. Nā te mea he rerekē te katoa, ā, ka rerekē rawa ō hiahia insulin i ia hāora, i ia hāora puta noa i te rā. He maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki ō taumata insulin:

• Te momo me te nui o te kai e kainga ana e koe (ina koa ko ngā kai kei roto ko ngā warowaihā).
• Te wā e kai ana koe, me te auau o te kai .
• Tō taumata mahi me te momo korikori tinana e mahia ana e koe (hei tauira, te cardio, te hiki taumaha rānei).
• Ahakoa kei te mate koe, kei raro rānei i te ahotea .
• Kei te ara koe, kei te moe rānei?
• Ētahi atu momo homoni.
• Ko ētahi rongoā, pērā i te corticosteroids .

Kāore hoki he whakamātautau paerewa e tirotiro ana i ō taumata insulin anake. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tirohia ngā taumata huka toto.

Me whai insulin tonu te hunga mate huka momo 2?

Ehara i te mea ko te katoa e pāngia ana e te mate huka momo 2, engari ko ētahi tāngata, e hiahia ana ki te insulin hei whakahaere pai i te mate.

He maha atu anō ngā momo rongoā mō te mate huka momo 2. Hei tauira, ko ngā pire ā-waha me ngā werohanga GLP-1 agonist . He rerekē ngā mahi a ēnei rongoā ki te whawhai i te ātete insulin. Heoi, ki te kaha te ātete insulin, kāore pea ēnei rongoā anake e ranea hei pupuri i te hauora o ngā taumata huka toto. Koinei te wā e hiahiatia ai te insulin.

Kia pēhea te roa ka taea e te tangata mate huka te ora me te kore insulin?

Me whakamahi te insulin o waho hei oranga mō te tangata e pāngia ana e te mate huka e whakawhirinaki ana ki te insulin. Ki te kore, ka puta he raruraru morearea e kiia nei ko te Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) .

He raruraru ohorere, he raruraru kino te DKA. Ka taea te whakawhanake i roto i ngā haora 24. Ka tere ake te whakawhanake mena kei te ruaki koe. He mea nui kia waea atu ki te tākuta, kia haere rānei ki te hōhipera ina pāngia koe e ngā tohu o te DKA. Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka mate pea te DKA.

Ngā mea tino nui hei maumahara mā tātou mai i ngā mea kua kōrerotia e tātou (Karere hei tango mā te kāinga)

Nō reira, kua mārama pea koe ināianei he homoni nui te insulin e āwhina ana i te tinana kia noho hauora, kia mahi tika hoki.

• He homoni tūturu te insulin e hangaia ana e te repeure. Ka āwhina i te kawe i te huka (glucose) mai i te toto ki roto i ngā pūtau, me te hanga pūngao.
• Mena kāore e taea e tō tinana te hanga i te nui o te insulin, te whakamahi tika rānei, ka tohua pea e tō tākuta he insulin ā-waho hei rongoā mō te mate huka.
• Mena kua tohua he insulin ki a koe, whakamahia kia rite ki tā tō tākuta i tohutohu ai.Kia tika te whai i te horopeta, te wā, me te wāhi i werohia ai.
• Ki te pāngia koe e ngā tohu o te hypoglycemia (hei tauira, te werawera, te wiri, te hemo, te tere o te ngakau), kainga tonutia te huka.
• Mena kei a koe ngā tohu o te ketoacidosis mate huka (DKA) (hei tauira, te matewai nui, te mimi pinepine, te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, te mamae o te puku, te uaua ki te manawa, te haunga manawa hua) , rapua tonutia he tohutohu hauora.

He mea tino nui te tiaki i tō hauora. Mena he pātai āu mō te insulin, te mate huka rānei, kaua e mangere ki te kōrero ki tō tākuta.

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