Kodi mayeso a A1C omwe amakuuzani za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi otani kwenikweni? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Mwina mwamvapo madokotala akunena kuti, "Muyenera kuyesedwa A1C." Kapena ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a shuga, mwina mwamvapo za mayeso a A1C awa. Kodi mayeso a A1C awa ndi otani kwenikweni? Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani kuchokera pamenepo? Lero, tikambirana za mayeso a A1C awa m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi mayeso a A1C ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, mayeso a A1C ndi mayeso omwe amayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu, kapena "Glucose", m'miyezi itatu yapitayi. Zotsatira zake zimaperekedwa ngati peresenti. Chiwerengero chikakhala chachikulu, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu kumakhala kwakukulu.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a A1C pazifukwa zingapo zazikulu:

• Dziwani gawo la matenda a shuga musanayambe (`(Prediabetes)`). Ndiko kuti, gawo lomwe lili pafupi ndi kukula kwa matenda a shuga.
• Dziwani ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri kapena matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe dongosolo lanu la chithandizo likugwirira ntchito. Mlingo wanu wa A1C ungakuthandizeni inu ndi dokotala wanu kusankha ngati mukufunikira kusintha dongosolo lanu la chithandizo.

Kodi mayeso a A1C amachitidwa bwanji?

Madokotala amayesa A1C m'njira ziwiri:

• Kawirikawiri, magazi ochepa amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha ndikutumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe. Iyi ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri. Iyi imatchedwa ``Phlebotomist'' yotenga magazi.
• Njira ina ndikutenga dontho la magazi kuchokera ku chala chanu ndikuyesa. Izi zingakupatseni zotsatira mumphindi zochepa. Komabe, njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kuti muwone momwe chithandizo chanu chikuyendera, ndipo sigwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda atsopano.

Kuyesa pogwiritsa ntchito mtsempha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kolondola kuposa kuyesa kobayidwa chala.

Kodi mayina ena a mayeso a A1C ndi ati?

Mayeso a A1C awa amatchedwa ndi mayina ena angapo. Muthanso kumva mayina awa:

• Hemoglobini A1C `(Hemoglobini A1C)`
• HbA1c `(HbA1c)`
• hemoglobin yoyezedwa ndi glycated
• Mayeso a Glycohemoglobin `(mayeso a Glycohemoglobin)`

Kodi shuga m'magazi (Glucose) ndi chiyani?

Matupi athu amapeza `(Glucose)` iyi kapena shuga makamaka kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya. Ichi ndiye gwero lalikulu la mphamvu ya maselo a thupi lathu. Magazi athu amanyamula `(Glucose)` iyi kupita ku maselo m'thupi lonse.

Njira zambiri m'thupi lathu zimathandiza kuti shuga m'magazi aziyenda bwino. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa izi imaseweredwa ndi hormone ya ``Insulin``, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba wathu.

Ngati shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi wokwera nthawi zonse (hyperglycemia), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti A1C yanu nayonso ndi yokwera, nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga. Matenda a shuga amapezeka pamene kapamba sapanga insulin yokwanira, kapena pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe amapanga sikukwanira, kapena pamene thupi silingathe kugwiritsa ntchito insulin moyenera.

Kodi ndi liti pamene ndikufunika mayeso a A1C?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, muyenera kuyesedwa A1C osachepera kawiri pachaka kuti muwone momwe dongosolo lanu la chithandizo likugwirira ntchito. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani nthawi yeniyeni yomwe muyenera kuchita izi.

Ngati simunapezeke ndi matenda a shuga, koma muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, dokotala angakupatseni mayeso a A1C:

• Ludzu lopitirira muyeso (`(Polydipsia)`)
• Kukodza kwambiri
• Maso osawoneka bwino
• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse (`(Kutopa)`)

Mukhozanso kuyesedwa A1C kuti muwone ngati muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2. Zinthu zomwe zingakuike pachiwopsezo ndi izi:

• Kukhala ndi wachibale amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri.
• Ngati munakhalapo ndi matenda a shuga a mimba kale.
• Kunenepa kwambiri.
• Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kukhala ndi zaka zoposa 35.

Kodi A1C imawerengedwa bwanji?

Kuyezetsa kwa A1C kumachokera pa chinthu chotchedwa hemoglobin . Hemoglobin ndi gawo la maselo ofiira a m'magazi omwe amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Ngati muli shuga m'magazi mwanu, imamatira ku hemoglobin iyi. Izi zimatchedwa glycation . Shuga ikachuluka m'magazi mwanu, kumamatira kumeneku kumawonjezeka. Ndipo, kumamatira kumeneku kumatha kukhala kwa miyezi itatu - yomwe ndi pafupifupi nthawi yapakati ya maselo ofiira a m'magazi.

Mayeso a A1C amayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi hemoglobin pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chakuti amayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pakapita nthawi, mayeso a A1C angatiuze zambiri za thanzi lanu kuposa mayeso amodzi a shuga m'magazi.

Kodi ndiyenera kusala kudya ndisanayesedwe mayeso a A1C?

Ayi. Simukuyenera kusala kudya musanayese mayeso a A1C.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukachita mayeso a A1C?

Izi ndi zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera ku mayeso a A1C, omwe amaphatikizapo kutenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha:

• Mukakhala pampando, dokotala wa phlebotomist (munthu amene amakoka magazi) adzayang'ana mtsempha m'dzanja lanu womwe ndi wosavuta kutulutsa magazi. Nthawi zambiri, magaziwo amatengedwa kuchokera mkati mwa mkono wanu, kumbuyo kwa chigongono chanu.
• Mtsempha ukapezeka, malowo amayeretsedwa ndi kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
• Kenako singano yaying'ono imalowetsedwa mu mtsempha ndipo magazi amatengedwa. Izi zingamveke ngati kubayidwa pang'ono.
• Pambuyo poika singano, magazi pang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu choyesera.
• Magazi okwanira akasonkhanitsidwa kuti ayezedwe, singano imachotsedwa ndipo kutuluka magazi kumayimitsidwa poika mphamvu pamalopo ndi thonje kapena gauze.
• Pomaliza, ikani pulasitala pamalopo ndipo mwatha.

Pa nthawi yoyezetsa magazi a A1C, yomwe imachitika potenga magazi kuchokera pa chala, zinthu zotsatirazi zimachitika:

• Dokotala akukufunsani kuti mutenge magazi kuchokera pa chala chiti.
• Zala zanu zidzapukutidwa ndi mowa ndipo kuboola pang'ono kudzapangidwa ndi singano yaying'ono yotchedwa ``Lancet'' (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mu chipangizo chaching'ono cha pulasitiki).
• Adzafinya chala chanu, kutulutsa dontho la magazi, ndikuwasonkhanitsa mu chidebe chaching'ono cha pulasitiki.
• Mukatenga magazi okwanira kuti muyesedwe, mudzapatsidwa thonje kapena gauze kuti mugwire pa chala chanu kuti magazi asiye kutuluka.
• Zotsatira nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mumphindi zochepa.

Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse pa mayeso a A1C?

Kuyezetsa magazi ndi gawo lofala komanso lofunikira poyezetsa matenda. Zoopsa za mitundu yonse iwiri ya mayeso a A1C ndizochepa kwambiri. Mutha kumva mabala kapena kupweteka pamene magazi atengedwa kapena pamene chala chanu chabayidwa, koma izi zidzachira msanga.

Kodi mtengo wanga wa A1C umatanthauza chiyani?

Zotsatira za mayeso a A1C zimaperekedwa ngati peresenti. Nambala iyi imakuuzani kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a hemoglobin omwe ali ndi glycated, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amamangiriridwa ku shuga. Chiwerengerocho chikakhala chachikulu, shuga m'magazi mwanu akhala akukwera m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi.

Miyezo ya A1C yodziwira matenda ndi iyi:

• Ngati ndi yochepera 5.7%, zikutanthauza kuti mulibe matenda a shuga. (Mulingo wathanzi)
• Ngati ili pakati pa 5.7% ndi 6.4%, imaonedwa kuti ndi prediabetes. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda a shuga ali pafupi kuyamba.
• Mlingo wa 6.5% kapena kupitirira apo nthawi zambiri umasonyeza matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 kapena matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba.

Ngati muli kale ndi matenda a shuga, zotsatira zanu za A1C zikusonyeza momwe dongosolo lanu la chithandizo lagwirira ntchito bwino m'miyezi itatu yapitayi. Chithandizochi chingaphatikizepo mapiritsi, jakisoni wa insulin, kuyezetsa shuga m'magazi pafupipafupi, komanso kusintha moyo wanu (monga zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi). Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa A1C yanu, inu ndi dokotala wanu mutha kusankha ngati pakufunika kusintha kulikonse pa dongosolo lanu la chithandizo.

Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti A1C yanu (ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga) ndi avareji ya kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa miyezi ingapo. Si chizindikiro cha thanzi lanu kapena chisankho chomaliza chokhudza ngati mukukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Kumbukirani kuti A1C yanu ikhoza kusintha moyo wanu wonse, ndipo pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse shuga yanu ndikukweza kuchuluka kwa A1C yanu, ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi A1C ndi shuga wamba woyezedwa (eAG) ndi chiyani?

Ma laboratories ena amapereka zotsatira za A1C ngati peresenti, ndipo zotsatira zake zimafananaMtengo wapakati wa shuga m'magazi (eAG) umaperekedwanso.

Kuwerengera kwa `(eAG)` kumasintha peresenti ya A1C kukhala mayunitsi omwewo (ma milligrams pa deciliter - mg/dL kapena ma millimoles pa lita - mmol/L) omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ndi glucometer yanu yakunyumba. Monga momwe A1C yanu ilili avareji, `(eAG)` ndi mtengo umodzi womwe umasonyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu m'miyezi itatu yapitayi.

Mwachitsanzo, A1C ya 7% ndi yofanana ndi `(eAG)` 154 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L). A1C ya 9% ndi yofanana ndi `(eAG)` 212 mg/dL (11.8 mmol/L).

Kodi mtengo wabwinobwino wa A1C ndi wotani?

Kwa munthu wopanda matenda a shuga, A1C yabwinobwino ndi yochepera 5.7%.

Zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi "zabwinobwino" komanso zathanzi kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimadalira zolinga zanu komanso mwayi wanu wopeza mankhwala ndi zida zowongolera matenda ashuga. Inu ndi dokotala wanu mudzagwira ntchito limodzi kuti mudziwe mtundu wa A1C womwe mukufuna. Izi zitha kusintha moyo wanu wonse.

Kawirikawiri, bungwe la American Diabetes Association limalimbikitsa kuti akuluakulu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga aziyesetsa kukhala ndi A1C ya 7% kapena kuchepera .

Cholinga chanu cha A1C chingakhale choposa 7% m'mikhalidwe iyi:

• Ngati nthawi yoyembekezera moyo ndi yochepa.
• Ngati nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi shuga wotsika kwambiri m'magazi (`(Hypoglycemia)`) kapena simukudziwa za izi (`(Hypoglycemia unawareness)`).
• Ngati muli ndi mavuto aakulu chifukwa cha matenda a shuga (monga matenda osatha a impso, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kapena matenda a mtima).

Kumbali ina, kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba panthawi ya mimba, madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti milingo ya A1C ikhale pa 6.5% kapena kuchepera panthawi yonse ya mimba. Izi zimachitika kuti achepetse zoopsa pa thanzi la mwana wosabadwayo ndikuletsa kukula kwambiri kwa mwana wosabadwayo (fetal macrosomia).

Kodi mulingo woopsa wa A1C ndi wotani?

Pamene mulingo wanu wa A1C ukukwera, makamaka ngati ukhalabe wokwera kwa zaka zambiri, mumakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza mavuto monga:

• Matenda a maso (`(Retinopathy)`)
• Mavuto a impso (`(Nephropathy)`)
• Matenda a mitsempha
• Kulephera kwa m'mimba (Gastroparesis)
• Matenda a mtima
• Stroke

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chawo chokhala ndi mavuto a shuga mwa kusunga milingo ya A1C pansi pa 7% .

Koma kumbukirani, zinthu zina, monga majini ndi nthawi yomwe mwakhala mukudwala matenda a shuga, zingakhudzenso kukula kwa mavuto a shuga.

Kodi mayeso a A1C ndi olondoladi?

Zinthu zina zingakhudze kulondola kwa mayeso a A1C, kuphatikizapo:

• Zinthu za majini, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya hemoglobin
• Matenda ena
• Mankhwala ena ndi zakudya zowonjezera
• Zolakwika panthawi yosonkhanitsa, kunyamula, kapena kukonza zitsanzo kuti zikayesedwe

Zinthu izi zingapangitse kuti zotsatira zanu zikhale 'zotsika molakwika' kapena 'zokwera molakwika'. Zambiri mwa zinthuzi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa nthawi ya moyo ndi thanzi la maselo ofiira a magazi anu.

Zosiyanasiyana za Hemoglobin ndi Zotsatira za A1C

Mitundu ya hemoglobin ingakhudze zotsatira za mayeso ena a A1C.

Mtundu wa hemoglobin m'magazi mwanu umatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe mumalandira kuchokera ku majini anu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Yodziwika kwambiri ndi hemoglobin A. Mitundu ina ya hemoglobin yomwe si yodziwika bwino imatchedwa mitundu ya hemoglobin.

Kukhala ndi hemoglobin yosiyana sikukuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a shuga, koma kungakhudze zotsatira za A1C. Ma lab ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera A1C pamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito hemoglobin yosiyana.

Zina mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndi:

• Khalidwe la hemoglobin C : Izi zimachitika kwambiri pakati pa anthu akuda, anthu ochokera ku West Africa, komanso anthu ochokera ku South ndi Central America, ku Caribbean, ndi ku Europe.
• Khalidwe la hemoglobin D : Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pakati pa anthu okhala ku China, India, Turkey, Brazil, ndi madera ena a ku Europe.
• Khalidwe la hemoglobin E : Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pakati pa anthu aku Asia, makamaka omwe ali ndi fuko la Southeast Asia.
• Khalidwe la Hemoglobin S : Izi ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu akuda ndi aku America aku Hispanic.

Kuyezetsa magazi kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hemoglobin. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina muli ndi mtundu wina wa hemoglobin womwe ungakhudze zotsatira za A1C yanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Zifukwa zomwe A1C yanu ingakhale yotsika kuposa momwe ilili

Mikhalidwe ndi zochitika izi zingapangitse kuti zotsatira za A1C zanu zikhale zochepa kuposa mulingo wanu weniweni:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso (`(vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mowa)`)
• Kuika magazi
• Kulephera kwa impso kosatha (`(Kulephera kwa impso kosatha)`)
• Mankhwala olimbikitsa erythropoietin (ESAs)
• Kutuluka magazi kwambiri (`(Kutuluka magazi)`)
• Kukhala pamalo okwera kwambiri
• Kutenga zowonjezera zachitsulo
• Matenda a chiwindi (`(Matenda a chiwindi)`)
• Mimba
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (`(kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi)`)
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (spherocytosis) ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (`(spherocytosis ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi)`)

Zifukwa zomwe mitengo ya A1C ingakhale yokwera kuposa momwe ilili

Mikhalidwe ndi zochitika izi zingapangitse zotsatira za A1C yanu kukhala zapamwamba kuposa momwe zilili:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, mwachitsanzo kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa iron, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha matenda, kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha khansa.
• Mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi ndi oletsa ma protease.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa triglycerides m'magazi (`(Hypertriglyceridemia)`)
• Kusamutsa chiwalo
• Thalassemia (`(Thalassemia)`)
• Kusowa kwa Vitamini B12 (`(kusowa kwa Vitamini B12)`)

Kodi matenda a shuga angachiritsidwe ngakhale A1C ili pamwamba?

Inde, mungathe. Kungoti muli ndi A1C yokwera (yoposa 6.5%) sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga. Mankhwala ena, monga ma steroids, kapena zinthu zina, monga matenda, amatha kukweza shuga m'magazi mwanu kwakanthawi. Matenda ena, monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, angapangitse zotsatira za A1C yanu kuoneka ngati zapamwamba kuposa momwe zilili. Palinso mwayi woti mayesowo angakhale olakwika.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso opitilira amodzi kuti adziwe matenda a shuga. Mwachitsanzo, mungapemphedwe kuti muyese shuga m'magazi kapena mayeso a A1C. Komabe, dokotala wanu adzawunikanso mosamala zotsatira zanu ndikukambirana nanu.

Kodi A1C imakuuzani molondola za kasamalidwe ka matenda a shuga?

Kwa zaka zambiri, madokotala ndi anthu odwala matenda a shuga akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a A1C makamaka kuti awone momwe chithandizo chawo chikugwirira ntchito.

Komabe, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kusinthasintha kwambiri pakapita masiku, milungu, ndi miyezi. Chifukwa chake, A1C imachokera pa avareji ndipo nthawi zonse sipereka chithunzi cholondola cha kasamalidwe.

Taganizirani chitsanzo ichi: Shuga m'magazi mwa munthu akhoza kukhala wotsika kwambiri komanso wokwera kwambiri, koma A1C yake ikhoza kukhala 7%. Shuga m'magazi mwa munthu wina akhoza kukhala pafupifupi 154 mg/dL nthawi zonse, ndipo A1C yake ikhozanso kukhala 7%.

Posachedwapa, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zowunikira shuga mosalekeza (CGM) , madokotala ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga apeza kuti Time in Range (TIR) ​​​​imapereka chithunzi chothandiza komanso cholondola cha kasamalidwe ka matenda a shuga.

TIR ndi nthawi yomwe shuga m'magazi mwanu ili mkati mwa nthawi yomwe mukufuna. TIR imayesedwa ngati peresenti. Miyezo ya shuga m'magazi imatha kusiyana kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 70 ndi 180 mg/dL. Kwa akuluakulu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti ayesetse kusunga TIR pamwamba pa 70% (pafupifupi maola 17 patsiku la maola 24).

Ndi `(CGM)` ndi `(TIR)`, madokotala ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatha kuona nthawi zomwe shuga m'magazi mwawo amakhala okwera kapena otsika. Izi zimawathandiza kusintha njira zawo zochiritsira molondola.

Pomaliza, muyenera kunena...

Zingakhale zosokoneza ngati zotsatira za A1C yanu sizili monga momwe mukuyembekezerera kapena kuposa momwe mukuyembekezerera. Koma kumbukirani, kuchuluka kwa A1C sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingapangitse kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zolondola. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani ngati mukufuna kuyezetsa kwina. Musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso. Alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti A1C yanu ndi avareji yakanthawi chabe ya kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu. Pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa A1C yanu. Ngati mukumva kuti mukuvutika ndi matenda anu a shuga, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Pamodzi, mutha kupanga dongosolo lothandizira matenda anu a shuga ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zanu za A1C.

A1C , HbA1c, matenda a shuga, shuga m'magazi, shuga, hemoglobin, mayeso a shuga