Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za mankhwala a ADHD.

Monga momwe munthu wosaona bwino amatha kuona dziko lapansi bwino akamavala magalasi, sichoncho? Mofananamo, mankhwala a ADHD angathandize anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD kuyang'ana kwambiri maganizo awo, kuwaletsa kusokonezedwa ndi zinthu zosafunikira, komanso kuwongolera khalidwe lawo. Mankhwalawa sangachiritse ADHD kwathunthu, koma angathandize kuwongolera zizindikirozo ndikuwathandiza kugwira ntchito bwino akamamwa mankhwalawo.

Choyamba, kodi ADHD ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a ubongo. Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli akhoza kukhala otanganidwa kwambiri, osakhala ndi chidwi, komanso amavutika kumvetsera, kutsatira malangizo, komanso kumaliza ntchito.

Zizindikiro za ADHD zomwe zimayamba ali mwana nthawi zambiri zimapitirira mpaka atakula. Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti mpaka 90% ya zizindikiro za ubwana zimapitirira mpaka atakula. Nthawi zina, anthu sazindikira ngakhale kuti ali ndi ADHD mpaka atakula.

Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ADHD angavutike kutsatira malangizo, kukumbukira zambiri, kukhala maso, ndi kukonza ntchito. Komabe, zizindikiro mwa akuluakulu zingawoneke mosiyana pang'ono ndi zizindikiro mwa ana. Mwachitsanzo, kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso mwa mwana kungawoneke ngati kusakhazikika kwambiri mwa munthu wamkulu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani kwenikweni ndi mankhwala a ADHD?

Mankhwala a ADHD amagwira ntchito mosiyana kutengera mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amapatsidwa. Koma pafupifupi mankhwala onse a ADHD amagwira ntchito powonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ofunikira (ma neurotransmitters) muubongo wathu. Mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri ndi dopamine ndi norepinephrine.

Pamene milingo imeneyi ikukwera, zizindikiro za ADHD zimayamba kulamulira. Izi zikutanthauza:

• Nthawi yomwe mungathe kuyang'ana pa chinthu chimodzi imawonjezeka.
• Kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso kumachepa.
• Khalidwe losavomerezeka limalamulidwa.
• Luso lokonzekera ndi kukonza ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku (kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa akuluakulu) limakula.

Choncho, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse, mavitamini, ndi zowonjezera zomwe inu kapena mwana wanu mukumwa, komanso kuchuluka kwa caffeine yomwe mumamwa patsiku, monga khofi.Chifukwa kumwa mankhwala ena pamodzi kungayambitse mavuto m'thupi.

Dokotala wanu angayese mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana mpaka atapeza mankhwala oyenera komanso mlingo woyenera kwa inu kapena mwana wanu. Panthawi imeneyo, adzakuyang'anirani ndikusintha mlingo kuti apeze mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa ubwino wa mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake. Mankhwala oyenera ndi mlingo wake akapezeka, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ADHD amatha kuwongolera bwino zizindikiro zawo.

Kodi mankhwala a ADHD ndi ati?

ADHD imachiritsidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa komanso zosalimbikitsa. Nthawi zina mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo angapatsidwenso.

Zolimbikitsa

Mankhwala awa ndi omwe amaperekedwa kwambiri kwa ADHD. Ngakhale kuti amatchedwa "stimulants," mankhwala amenewa sakupangitsani kukhala osamala kwambiri. Amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa dopamine ndi norepinephrine muubongo wanu. Mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira kuti mukhale ndi chidwi, luso lanu loganiza, komanso chilimbikitso. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 80% ya ana omwe ali ndi ADHD amakumana ndi kuchepa kwa zizindikiro akangopeza mankhwala oyenera komanso mlingo woyenera.

Mankhwalawa amaonedwa kuti ndi zinthu zomwe zimalamuliridwa ndi anthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kapena kuledzera. Komabe, ndi otetezeka kwambiri akamwedwa moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Dokotala wanu asanakupatseni mankhwalawo, angachitenso EKG kuti aone ngati pali vuto lililonse la mtima lomwe silinadziwike.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zolimbikitsa:

• Kutulutsa mwachangu/kuchepetsa mphamvu: Izi nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa ngati pakufunika. Zimatenga maola pafupifupi 4. Pamene zotsatira za mankhwala amtunduwu zichepa, anthu ena amakumana ndi "kugwa" kapena "kubwerera m'mbuyo." Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwadzidzidzi amataya mphamvu, amamva njala kwambiri, ndipo ena amakumana ndi kutsika mwadzidzidzi kwa maganizo.
• Mankhwala otulutsa mphamvu nthawi yayitali/ogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali: Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kamodzi patsiku m'mawa. Ena amagwira ntchito kwa maola 6-8, pomwe ena amatha kugwira ntchito mpaka maola 16. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa mphamvu ndi malingaliro tsiku lonse. Izi zimachepetsanso kufunika kowonjezera mlingo kusukulu kapena kuntchito.

Zosalimbikitsa

Izi ndi mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala, koma si zinthu zolamulidwa monga zolimbikitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali chiopsezo chochepa cha kuledzera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika. Amagwira ntchito makamaka powonjezera kuchuluka kwa norepinephrine muubongo.

Mankhwalawa amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito kuposa mankhwala opatsa mphamvu. Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa mosalekeza kwa milungu yosachepera 3-4 kuti mumve zotsatira zake zonse.Koma izi zingakulamulireninso chidwi chanu, kugwirizana kwanu, komanso mphamvu zanu. Zitha kukhala zogwira ntchito kwa maola 24.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe dokotala angakupatseni mankhwala amtunduwu:

• Ngati mankhwala olimbikitsa sagwira ntchito.
• Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe sizingapiririke chifukwa cha mankhwala olimbikitsa.
• Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera zotsatira, perekani pamodzi ndi mankhwala opatsa mphamvu.

Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo

Mankhwala awa si ovomerezeka makamaka pochiza ADHD. Komabe, madokotala nthawi zina amawapatsa okha kapena kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala olimbikitsa ADHD. Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo a ADHD amakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa dopamine ndi norepinephrine muubongo.

Kodi mankhwala a ADHD ali ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa?

Inde, ndithudi. Zotsatirapo zake zingachitike mukangoyamba kumwa mankhwalawo. Koma nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa osati zoopsa kwambiri. Zidzatha pakatha milungu ingapo pamene thupi lanu lizolowera mankhwalawo. Koma nthawi zina, zimatha kukhala zoopsa kapena zosatha.

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimawonedwa kwambiri ndi izi:

• Kusowa chilakolako: Izi zimakhudza pafupifupi 80% ya anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala opatsa mphamvu.
• Kuchepetsa thupi: Izi zitha kulamulidwa mwa kumwa mankhwala mutatha kudya kapena powonjezera zinthu monga mapuloteni otsekemera muzakudya zanu.
• Kuvuta kugona: Izi zingaphatikizepo kuvutika kugona komanso kudzuka pafupipafupi. Kusintha nthawi ya tsiku yomwe mumamwa mankhwala anu kungathandize kuchepetsa vutoli kwambiri.

Zotsatira zina zoyipa:

• Kubwerera m'mbuyo: Kumva kutopa kwakanthawi, kukwiya kwambiri, kapena kusintha kwa malingaliro pamene mankhwala akutha.
• Nkhawa: Kuyamba kwatsopano kapena kuwonjezeka kwa nkhawa.
• Matenda a Tikisi: Kusuntha mwadzidzidzi, kapena mawu obwerezabwereza (monga kuphethira maso, kutsuka pakhosi). Mankhwala a ADHD samayambitsa matenda a tikisi, koma amatha kuonekera bwino kuposa popanda mankhwala.
• Kusamva bwino m'mimba: zinthu monga nseru ndi kusanza.
• Kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugunda kwa mtima: Mankhwala ena angayambitse kukwera pang'ono kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuthamanga kwa mtima kungakwerenso pang'ono. Izi nthawi zambiri sizowopsa, koma ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi matenda a mtima , muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu.

Ngati zotsatirapo zake sizitha patatha milungu ingapo, dokotala wanu akhoza kuzithetsa mwa kusintha mlingo kapena nthawi ya mankhwala anu, kukusinthani ku mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, kapena kuyesa mtundu wina wa mankhwala.

Kodi ADHD ingalamuliridwe popanda mankhwala?

Chithandizo choyamba cha ADHD ndi mankhwala.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 80% ya ana amapambana ndi mankhwala. Koma mwina mukuopa zotsatirapo za mankhwala, kapena simukufuna kumwa mankhwala pazifukwa zina.

Kwa anthu ambiri , chithandizo cha khalidwe ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Chithandizo cha khalidwe chimaphatikizapo kuphunzitsa ndi kulimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino ndikuchepetsa makhalidwe oipa omwe sakufunidwa.

• Kwa ana osakwana zaka 6: Makolo akulimbikitsidwa kuti aphunzire za kasamalidwe ka khalidwe. Kudzera mu izi, makolo amatha kuphunzira njira ndi njira zothandizira mwana wawo.
• Pambuyo pa zaka 6: Chithandizo cha khalidwe chimalimbikitsidwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala. Sukulu ya mwana ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo la chithandizoli.

Ndiyenera kumwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

ADHD ndi matenda omwe munthu amakhala nawo kwa moyo wake wonse ndipo alibe mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, mungafunike kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse zizindikiro zanu. Ngati mwapeza mankhwala omwe amakuthandizani komanso omwe amaletsa zizindikiro zanu, zingakhale bwino kumwa kwa moyo wanu wonse. Dokotala wanu ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri woti mulankhule naye za izi.