Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani pa kukumbukira kwanu? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a Alzheimer's

Kodi nthawi zina mumaiwala zinthu? Kumene kuli makiyi anu, dzina la munthu wina, kapena zomwe munkafuna kuchita... Kuiwala pang'ono ndi chinthu chachibadwa kwa aliyense. Koma kwa anthu ena, kuiwala kumeneku kungawakhudze kwambiri. Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe amawononga kwambiri kukumbukira ndi kukhudza ubongo. Umenewo ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Kodi Matenda a Alzheimer ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a Alzheimer's ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda a dementia, omwe amachititsa kuti munthu aiwale komanso asamakumbukire bwino. Kunena zoona, ndi matenda omwe amawononga ubongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakapita nthawi, maselo muubongo wathu amawonongeka ndikuwonongeka. Pamapeto pake, munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's amatha kutaya ntchito zofunika muubongo monga kukumbukira ndi kulankhula.

Tangoganizirani, anthu pafupifupi 24 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi akudwala matendawa. Munthu m'modzi mwa anthu khumi aliwonse azaka zopitilira 65 akhoza kukhala ndi matendawa. Komanso, munthu m'modzi mwa atatu aliwonse azaka zopitilira 85 akuti ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Ngakhale kuti pali mankhwala oletsa zizindikirozi, palibe mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer. Ngati mukukayikira kuti inuyo kapena munthu wina amene muli naye pafupi ali ndi zizindikirozi, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akakupatseni malangizo.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's ndi ziti?

Matenda a Alzheimer's sakhudza aliyense mofanana, koma nthawi zambiri, angayambitse kuthekera kwanu:

• Kukumbukira
• Luso loganiza mwanzeru
• Luso lolankhula (chilankhulo)
• Khalidwe ndi umunthu
• Kumvetsetsa za chilengedwe chozungulira (malo)

Kawirikawiri, munthu amene ali ndi vuto la kuiwala kapena zizindikiro zina za Alzheimer angavutike kuzindikira kusintha kwa maganizo ndi thupi lake. Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zina zimaonekera kwambiri kwa okondedwa anu.

Zizindikirozi zimakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi (kuchepa pang'onopang'ono). Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za matenda a dementia, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kutaya kukumbukira

Kutaya kukumbukira ndi chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chofala kwambiri cha matenda a Alzheimer. Izi zingakupangitseni kukhala kovuta kukumbukira zinthu zomwe zinachitika posachedwapa (kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa) kapena zinthu zomwe zinachitika kalekale (kukumbukira kwa nthawi yayitali).

Mungakhale ndi vuto kukumbukira zinthu izi:

• Nkhope, mayina
• Mfundo zina
• Kumene muli (ngakhale ngati ndi malo odziwika bwino monga kwathu)

Mavuto okumbukira omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa zinthu zazing'ono zomwe nthawi zambiri timaiwala komwe timayika foni yathu kapena kudabwa ngati tinatseka chitseko.

Kuvuta kuganiza mwanzeru

Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer nthawi zambiri amaoneka wosokonezeka kapena kutenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuti apange zisankho. Izi zingakulepheretseni kuchita izi:

• Sankhani chochita kenako.
• Phikani motsatira njira yophikira
• Pangani mapulani.

Mavuto okhudzana ndi chilankhulo

Matenda a Alzheimer angapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mulankhule, kuwerenga, kapena kumvetsetsa chilankhulo (aphasia). Mutha:

• Amalankhula ndi kulankhulana pang'ono kuposa kale
• Ngati wina alankhula zilankhulo zingapo, amasintha zilankhulo ndikulankhula mosokonezeka.
• Chilankhulo chomwe chimalankhulidwa kwambiri ali ana chidzasinthidwa kukhala
• Amagwiritsa ntchito mawu olakwika

Kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi umunthu

Mungazindikire kusintha kwa maganizo kapena umunthu wa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer. Angatero:

• Mukhoza kukayikira kwambiri (ngakhale anthu omwe mwawadziwa kwa zaka zambiri).
• Kusintha kwa maganizo kungachitike kawirikawiri (kungakhale koopsa kwambiri kuposa masiku onse)
• Mungakhale ndi kusakhazikika maganizo pafupipafupi, mantha, kapena kuona zinthu ngati zilombo.
• Mungataye chidaliro mwa inu nokha ndi okondedwa anu.

Aliyense amakhala ndi masiku oipa komanso nthawi zovuta. Koma kusintha kwa malingaliro ndi umunthu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's kumakhala kwakukulu komanso mwadzidzidzi kuposa mkwiyo wamba kapena mkwiyo.

Kuchepa kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe chozungulira

Zingakuvuteni kumvetsa momwe zinthu zilili pafupi ndi thupi lanu, kapena mungamve kuti simukulamulira thupi lanu kuposa kale. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kugundana ndi mipando
• N'zovuta kutola china chake.
• Kuvuta kuchita zinthu zoyenda bwino m'manja monga kumanga zingwe za nsapato kapena kulemba pa kiyibodi

Madokotala amagawa matenda a Alzheimer m'magawo angapo. Magawo awa amakuuzani momwe muli pafupi ndi matenda a dementia, momwe matenda anu a Alzheimer alili oopsa, kapena momwe afalikira mofulumira.

Kodi matenda a Alzheimer ndi ati omwe amachititsa?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a Alzheimer ndi kusungidwa kosazolowereka kwa mitundu iwiri ya mapuloteni muubongo. Makamaka, mitundu iwiri ya mapuloteni otchedwa amyloid ndi tau.

Mukudziwa, ubongo wathu uli ndi maselo amitsempha mabiliyoni ambiri, kapena ma neuron . Ma neuron awa ndi omwe amatithandiza kuganiza, kuphunzira, kukumbukira, ndi kukonzekera. Puloteni ya amyloid yomwe ndatchulayi imalumikizana mkati mwa maselo a ubongo ndikulumikizana kukhala ma plaque . Puloteni ya Tau imalumikizana kukhala ma tangles . Ma plaque ndi ma tangles awa amaletsa ma neuron kugwira ntchito bwino. Amasokoneza zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi mankhwala zomwe zimadutsa mwa iwo.

Pamene mapuloteni a amyloid ndi tau akuunjikana mu ubongo, pang'onopang'ono amapha ma neuron. Izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kosatha komanso zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's. Kufa kwa maselo a mitsempha kumayamba mbali imodzi ya ubongo, kenako pang'onopang'ono kumafalikira kumadera ena. Matenda a Alzheimer's nthawi zambiri amayamba mbali ya ubongo yomwe imalamulira kukumbukira kwathu - hippocampus .

Akatswiri akufufuzabe matenda a Alzheimer kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa mapuloteni amenewa. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti mapuloteni amenewa amayamba kalekale zizindikiro zisanayambe kuonekera. Mwina anayamba kale zaka 10 musanazindikire kusintha kulikonse.

Kodi matenda a Alzheimer ndi obadwa nawo?

Inde, matenda a Alzheimer's amatha kukhala majini.

Ngati m'modzi mwa makolo anu kapena abale anu ali ndi matendawa, chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a Alzheimer ndi 10% mpaka 30%. Ngati abale anu awiri kapena kuposerapo ali ndi matendawa, chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a Alzheimer ndi chokwera katatu kuposa munthu wamba.

Anthu omwe ali ndi jini ya APOE e4 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Alzheimer's. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi jini imeneyo ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a Alzheimer's ali aang'ono (zaka zoyambirira). Koma si aliyense amene ali ndi jini ya APOE e4 amene adzadwala matenda a Alzheimer's. Ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimawonjezera chiopsezo.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's?

Ofufuza sakudziwabe chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala matenda a Alzheimer's pomwe ena sadwala, koma zinthu izi zitha kukhala zoopsa:

• Kukhala wamtundu wakuda kapena wa ku Latino
• Zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe (chinachake chokhudza komwe mumakhala, ntchito, kapena komwe mumakhala kawirikawiri)
• Kusintha kwa majini
• Kuvulala mutu kwambiri (Kuvulala koopsa muubongo)
• Kusuta
• Zaka zanu (matenda a Alzheimer nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu opitirira zaka 65)
• Thanzi lanu lonse

Matenda ena athanso kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Mwachitsanzo:

• Matenda a mtima
• Matenda a shuga
• Matenda a Down omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Trisomy 21
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Cholesterol yambiri
• Kunenepa kwambiri

Kodi mavuto a matenda a Alzheimer ndi otani?

Vuto lalikulu la matenda a Alzheimer's ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumayambitsa ku ubongo. Izi zingayambitse kusintha kosatha kwa kaganizidwe kanu, luso lanu logwiritsa ntchito thupi lanu, komanso umunthu wanu. Pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo, mungakhale ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo akhoza kukhala oopsa.

Mavuto ngati awa akhoza kuchitika:

• Kuwonongeka kwa thanzi lonse la thupi
• Matenda (monga chibayo kapena matenda a pakhungu)
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kuvuta kumeza

Mungataye mphamvu zanu pa thupi, zomwe zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu cha:

• Zilonda za Bedsores
• Kusowa madzi m'thupi kapena kusowa zakudya m'thupi
• Kugwa, kusweka kwa mafupa ndi ngozi zina
• Kulephera kudziletsa mkodzo ndi kusadziletsa m'mimba
• Kuwola kwa mano, mabowo, ndi mavuto ena a mano

Kodi matenda a Alzheimer's amapezedwa bwanji?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo pozindikira matenda a Alzheimer. Gawo loyamba ndikulankhula za thanzi lanu komanso mbiri yanu yachipatala.

Dokotala wanu adzalankhula nanu ndi banja lanu. Adzakufunsani mafunso ndikuphunzira za thanzi lanu komanso zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mukudziwa kuti muli ndi zinthu zomwe zingakupangitseni kukhala ndi matenda a Alzheimer, uzani dokotala wanu za vutoli.

Dokotala wanu adzafunsa banja lanu ngati aona zizindikiro kapena kusintha kulikonse komwe simunazindikire. Angafunse za:

• Luso lanu lochita ntchito zanu zachizolowezi
• Kusintha kwa maganizo anu, khalidwe lanu, ndi umunthu wanu
• Mankhwala omwe alipo panopa
• Mbiri ya zamankhwala
• Mkhalidwe wonse wa thanzi

Dokotala adzakupimiraninso thupi lonse ndi kukuyezani ubongo. Adzachotsanso matenda ena omwe angayambitse mavuto okumbukira ndi zizindikiro zina.

Dokotala adzagwiritsanso ntchito mayeso angapo, monga:

• Kuyezetsa magazi
• MRI ya Ubongo (MRI ya Ubongo)
• Mayeso a chidziwitso
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kujambula kwa PET
• Kuwunika kwa thanzi la maganizo ndi maganizo
• Mayeso a mkodzo

Mayeso awa amathandiza dokotala wanu kuwona zizindikiro za mapuloteni a amyloid ndikuwona ngati awononga ubongo wanu.

Dokotala wanu adzagwira ntchito ndi inu ndi banja lanu kuti apange dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likugwirizana ndi inu. Adzakuthandizani kukhazikitsa zolinga zomwe mungathe kukwaniritsa pa thanzi lanu la nthawi yochepa komanso matenda anu a nthawi yayitali.

Kodi mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer ndi ati?

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala ochepetsa kupitirira kwa matenda a dementia. Palibe mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer's, koma mankhwala angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa.

Kuyamba chithandizo mwamsanga ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera thanzi la ubongo wanu pa moyo wanu wonse. Komabe, pakadali pano palibe chithandizo chomwe chingaletse kapena kuchiritsa matenda a Alzheimer's.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's. Dokotala wanu adzakonza mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zanu. Mungafunike:

Zoletsa za Cholinesterase

Mankhwalawa amaletsa enzyme yomwe imafulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Angathandize kuthetsa mavuto ena okumbukira ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusintha kwa khalidwe. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala monga awa:

• Donepezil
• Galantamine
• Rivastigmine

Mayeso azachipatala

Asayansi nthawi zonse amafufuza matenda a Alzheimer's ndi mankhwala omwe angathandize. Funsani dokotala wanu ngati pali mayesero aliwonse azachipatala omwe angakuthandizeni. Mayeso azachipatala ndi mayeso kapena maphunziro ofufuza omwe amakhudza anthu omwe amadzipereka kutenga nawo mbali mu matenda kapena vuto linalake. Mayesowa angakupatseni mwayi woyesa mankhwala atsopano omwe sanapezeke kwambiri.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matendawa msanga, mungakhale ndi mwayi wochuluka wochita nawo mayeso azachipatala.

Lecanemab kapena Donanemab

Lecanemab ndi Donanemab ndi mankhwala a m'mitsempha (IV). Ndi mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala otchedwa monoclonal antibodies . Mankhwalawa angathandize chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kufunafuna ndikuwononga mapuloteni a amyloid. Angathandize kuchotsa ena mwa amyloid asanawononge ubongo, zomwe zimachepetsa kukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's.

Lecanemab imayang'ana ulusi wa amyloid usanaphatikizidwe pamodzi. Donanemab imayang'ana mapuloteni a amyloid omwe adaphatikizika kale kuti apange ma plaque.

Monga mankhwala ena onse, mankhwalawa sachiza matenda a Alzheimer's kwathunthu, komanso sangathe kubwezeretsa kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika kale ndi amyloid.

Otsutsa a NMDA receptor

Ngati muli ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, thupi lanu limapanga mankhwala ambiri otchedwa glutamate . Izi zimawononga maselo a muubongo. Mankhwala oletsa NMDA amagwira ntchito potseka kapena kudzaza ma receptors a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) muubongo omwe amamangirira ku glutamate. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's.

Memantine ndi mankhwala otsutsana ndi NMDA omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala ena kutengera thanzi lanu komanso momwe matenda a Alzheimer alili.

Mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro

Dokotala wanu adzakulangizani mankhwala kapena njira zina zothandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu zikayamba. Mungafunike:

• Mankhwala Oletsa Kuvutika Maganizo: Mankhwalawa amatha kuchiza zinthu monga nkhawa, kusakhazikika maganizo, kusintha kwa maganizo, komanso kuvutika maganizo.
• Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala/oletsa ubongo:Mankhwalawa amatha kuchiza zinthu monga mantha, kusokonezeka maganizo, ndi kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa ndi khunyu: Mankhwalawa nthawi zina amathanso kuchiza kusinthasintha kwa maganizo.

Kodi moyo uli bwanji?

Matenda a Alzheimer sakhudza aliyense mofanana. Anthu ambiri azaka zopitirira 65 omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer amafa pasanathe zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuchokera pamene apezeka ndi matendawa. Koma anthu ena amakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka ngati apezeka asanakwanitse zaka 65.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kukhala ndi matenda a Alzheimer's (AD). Angakuthandizeni kukhazikitsa zolinga ndi ziyembekezo zenizeni. Angakuthandizeninso kusankha nthawi yomwe chisamaliro cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ovutika maganizo chingakhale njira yabwino kwa inu ndi banja lanu.

Ngati mukufuna thandizo, lankhulani ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo . Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer ndi mabanja awo amamva kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri, makamaka akapezeka ndi matenda. Maganizo amenewa ndi enieni ndipo ndi olondola. Katswiri wa zaumoyo wamaganizo angakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro anu ndikukuthandizani kuthana nawo.

Kodi matenda a Alzheimer angapewedwe?

Simungasinthe kapena kuwongolera zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's, monga zaka zanu ndi majini anu. Koma mutha kuthana ndi zinthu zina ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu. Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino kungathandize kuteteza ubongo wanu kuti usawonongeke ndi chidziwitso. Mungayesere zinthu izi:

• Tsatirani zakudya zabwino: Kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana kungathandize kuti ubongo wanu ndi thanzi lanu lonse likhale bwino. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni njira yodyera, monga zakudya za ku Mediterranean kapena zakudya za ku DASH .
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera kuyenda kwa magazi ndi mpweya kupita ku ubongo. Izi zingathandize kuti maselo anu a muubongo akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Simuyenera kukhala wothamanga kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi zochita zambiri. Kuyenda, kulima dimba, kukwera njinga, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kulikonse komwe kumakupangitsani kuti thupi lanu liziyenda bwino ndi njira zabwino zokhalira ndi zochita zambiri.
• Khalani otanganidwa ndi maganizo: Sewerani masewera a bolodi, werengani mabuku, sewerani ma puzzle a mawu, sewerani chida choimbira nyimbo, kapena chita zinthu zina zosangalatsa zomwe zimayesa ubongo wanu kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito.
• Khalani ochezeka: Lankhulani ndi okondedwa anu kapena anthu ammudzi mwanu nthawi zonse. Kulowa nawo m'magulu monga mautumiki achipembedzo, makalasi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, makalabu owerenga mabuku, kapena ntchito yodzipereka ya anthu ammudzi kungathandize kuti ubongo wanu ukhale wogwira ntchito.

Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's ndipo mukuda nkhawa nawo, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuyezetsa majini. Angayang'ane majini kapena kusintha kwa majini komwe kungawonjezere chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a Alzheimer's.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi vuto la kukumbukira kapena kuganiza, pitani kwa dokotala. Angadziwe ngati vutoli likuchitika chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's kapena matenda ena.

Mukapezeka ndi matenda a Alzheimer's (AD), muyenera kupita kwa dokotala wanu kuti akakuwoneni nthawi zonse. Dokotala wanu adzayang'anira momwe matendawa akuyendera ndikusintha chithandizo chanu ngati pakufunika kutero.

Mukhozanso kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga:

• Ndi zizindikiro kapena kusintha kotani komwe ine ndi banja langa tiyenera kuyang'anira?
• Kodi pali njira yodziwira momwe matenda a Alzheimer's adzapitirire mofulumira?
• Ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe chili chabwino kwa ine?
• Kodi ndine woyenera kuyesedwa kuchipatala?

Matenda a Alzheimer's (AD) ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Nthawi zina munthu angamve ngati nthawi yaima, kapena ngati akupita mofulumira kwambiri. Palibe njira yolakwika yokhala ndi matenda ngati matenda a Alzheimer's.

Pomaliza, chinthu chofunika kwambiri

Matenda a Alzheimer ndi vuto lalikulu. Koma kumbukirani, simuli nokha. Kaya muli ndi matenda a Alzheimer's kapena mukusamalira munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, madokotala anu nthawi zonse amakhalapo kuti akuthandizeni. Angakuthandizeni kupereka malangizo a chithandizo ndi mayeso azachipatala, kuyankha mafunso anu, kukuthandizani kupeza zinthu zofunika, ndikukuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe mungayembekezere. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira zizindikiro msanga ndikupempha thandizo lachipatala. Komanso, thandizo la abale ndi abwenzi ndilofunika kwambiri paulendowu. Musaiwale kusamalira thanzi lanu la maganizo.

Matenda a Alzheimer 's, Alzheimer's, Dementia, Kutaya Kukumbukira, Thanzi la Ubongo, Ukalamba, Matenda a Mitsempha