Tonsefe timadziwa phokoso la kugunda kwa mtima wathu, sichoncho? Nthawi zina timamva bwino kugunda kumeneku tikakhala ndi mantha kapena osangalala. Koma kodi mukudziwa momwe njira yogwirira ntchito imeneyi ilili yovuta? Zonsezi zimayendetsedwa ndi zipinda zinayi zazing'ono mkati mwa mtima wathu. Lero, tikambirana za zipinda za mtima izi. Izi ndi ngati ziwalo zofunika kwambiri pa injini ya thupi lathu.
Chabwino, kodi zipinda zamtima izi ndi chiyani? Kodi zimachita chiyani?
Mwachidule, pali malo anayi opanda kanthu mumtima mwanu omwe timawatcha kuti Malo Okhala ndi Mtima . Monga momwe zilili ndi zipinda zinayi m'nyumba. Zipinda zinayizi zili ndi mayina anayi.
- Zipinda ziwiri pamwamba: Timazitcha kuti atria . Chimodzi ndi atrium yakumanja, ndipo china ndi atrium yakumanzere.
- Zipinda ziwiri zomwe zili pansipa: Timazitcha kuti ma ventricle . Chimodzi ndi ventricle yakumanja, ndipo china ndi ventricle yakumanzere.
Zipinda zinayi izi zimagwira ntchito limodzi kuti zilamulire kugunda kwa mtima wanu ndikupopera magazi m'thupi lanu lonse. Tangoganizani, mukakhala ndi mantha kapena nkhawa, mtima wanu ukugunda mofulumira, sichoncho? Pakugunda kulikonse, pulogalamu yodabwitsa imachitika mkati mwa zipinda zinayi izi. Ndiwo omwe amasunga magazi anu akuyenda m'mitsempha yanu. Sikuti zokhazo, komanso chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa zipinda zinayi izi kuti mpweya womwe ziwalo zathu zimafunikira umawonjezeredwa ku magazi ndipo magazi oyera amagawidwa m'thupi lonse.
Kodi chipinda chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yanji kwenikweni?
Tikayang'ana mtima, uli ngati gulu lapamwamba lomwe likugwira ntchito yokwaniritsa cholinga chimodzi. Pali osewera anayi mu gulu ili. Awa ndi zipinda zinayi. Onse amathandizana. Ndipo njira yopopera mtima imachitika pogwira ntchito limodzi ndi ma valve ndi mitsempha yamagazi mumtima.
Zipinda zinayi izi ndi osewera ofunikira kwambiri (MVPs) mu timuyi. Chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe amachita, magazi akale m'thupi lathu amayeretsedwa ndikutumizidwa ku thupi lonse ngati magazi atsopano sekondi iliyonse. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe osewera aliyense wa awa amachita.
| Chipinda cha Mtima | Ntchito |
|---|---|
| Atrium Yakumanja | Masewerawa akuyamba apa. Thupi lili ndi mpweya wochepa (Wopanda mpweya), ndiko kuti, ndi iyi yomwe imasonkhanitsa magazi onse odetsedwa. Magazi awa amabwera ndikusonkhanitsa kudzera m'mitsempha iwiri ikuluikulu yotchedwa Superior Vena Cava ndi Inferior Vena Cava. Kenako atrium yakumanja imapereka magazi awa kwa wosewera wina, yemwe ndi ventricle yakumanja. |
| Ventricle Yakumanja | Magazi ochokera ku atrium yakumanja amalowa mu ventricle yakumanja kudzera mu valavu ya tricuspid. Apa, ventricle yakumanja imakoka mofulumira ndikupompa magazi awa kudzera mu valavu ya m'mapapo kupita ku mapapo . M'mapapo ndi momwe magazi awa amalandira mpweya womwe thupi limafunikira. Magazi omwe tsopano ali ndi mpweya komanso oyera amabwerera kumtima. |
| Atrium Yakumanzere | Magazi okhala ndi mpweya (kutanthauza oyera) ochokera m'mapapo amalowa mu atrium yakumanzere. Tsopano magazi awa ndi okonzeka kupita ku thupi lonse. Atrium yakumanzere imatumiza magazi oyerawa ku ventricle yakumanzere kudzera mu valavu ya mitral. |
| Kumanzere kwa Ventricle | Ichi ndi chipinda chomaliza mwa zipinda zinayi za mtima. Chipinda chakumanzere ndiye chipinda champhamvu kwambiri mumtima. Ndi chipinda ichi chomwe chimapopera magazi oyera awa kudzera mu valavu ya aorta kupita mu aorta ndikugawa m'thupi lonse. Zili ngati kugoletsa chigoli chopambana pamasewera. Izi zimachitika mobwerezabwereza pakugunda kulikonse kwa mtima. |
Kodi chipinda chino chili kuti mumtima? Kodi chapangidwa ndi chiyani?
Mtima wanu uli mkati mwa nthiti za pachifuwa chanu, kumanzere kwa fupa la pachifuwa chanu, pakati pa mapapo anu. Zipinda zinayi za mtima wanu zakonzedwa kuti zithandize kuyenda kwa magazi. Atria ndi zipinda ziwiri zapamwamba. Ma ventricle ndi zipinda ziwiri zapansi.
Mbali zakumanja ndi zakumanzere za mtima zimalekanitsidwa ndi minofu yotchedwa septum . Izi zimathandiza kuti magazi osayera, omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa, asasakanizidwe ndi magazi oyera, omwe ali ndi mpweya wochuluka.
Makoma a zipinda za mtima amapangidwa ndi minofu ya mtima. Kugunda kwa mtima kumachitika minofu imeneyi ikagundana ndikupumula.
Chofunika kwambiri, tikamalankhula za zipinda za mtima, sitingaiwale za ma valve. Ma valve amenewa ali ngati zitseko pakati pa zipindazo. Amatseguka ndi kutseka kuti magazi azitha kuyenda kuchokera m'chipinda chimodzi kupita ku china ndikutuluka mumtima.
Kutuluka magazi nthawi zonse kumakhala motere:
1. Magazi odetsedwa ochokera m'thupi lonse amabwera mumtima.
2. Mtima umatumiza magazi amenewo ku mapapo.
3. Magazi omwe amayeretsedwa m'mapapo amabwerera kumtima.
4. Mtima umapopa magazi oyerawo m'thupi lonse.
Zipinda zinayi ndi ma valve anayi amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti kayendedwe kameneka kayende bwino.
Matenda ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imakhudza zipinda zamtima
Nthawi zina, mgwirizano uwu mumtima ungasokonezeke. Mavuto ena amakhalapo tisanabadwe (matenda a mtima obadwa nawo). Mavuto ena amatha kukula tikamakalamba. Popeza zipinda za mtima ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka mtima, matenda ambiri a mtima amakhudzana ndi zipindazi. Tiyeni tiwone ena mwa mavutowa.
Kusakhazikika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (Arrhythmias)
Uku ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha vuto la magetsi a mtima. Pali mitundu ingapo ya izi, koma pali mitundu iwiri yomwe imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zipinda zamtima.
- Supraventricular Arrhythmias: Izi zimayambira m'zipinda ziwiri zapamwamba, atria. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi atrial fibrillation (Afib) . Apa ndi pamene atria siimakokana bwino ndipo m'malo mwake imanjenjemera. Izi zimawalepheretsa kupopera magazi kupita ku minofu ya thupi bwino. Mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, zingaphatikizepo kugwedezeka pachifuwa chanu, kumva kuti mtima wanu ukugunda modumphadumpha, nseru, chizungulire, komanso kupuma movutikira. Ngati simulandira chithandizo, chiopsezo cha sitiroko chimawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi kasanu.
- Matenda a Ventricular Arrhythmias: Izi zimayambira m'zipinda ziwiri za mtima, zotchedwa ventricles. Nthawi zina sizili zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, mungakumane ndi matenda a Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) mukakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kumwa khofi wambiri. Komabe, mitundu ina ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Matenda a Ventricular Fibrillation (Vfib) ndi omwe ali oopsa kwambiri. Angayambitse kulephera kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi komanso imfa. Izi zimachitika mtima ukapanda kulandira magazi okwanira. Vfib ndi vuto ladzidzidzi lomwe limafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Ngati wina sakudziwa ndipo sakupuma bwino, ayenera kupita naye ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Yachipatala (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
Matenda a Mtima
Nthawi zina ma valve a mtima amatha kuwonongeka ndikusiya kugwira ntchito bwino. Mavutowa amapezeka kwambiri tikamakalamba.
- Stenosis ya mtsempha wamagazi:Izi zimachitika pamene valavu yomwe imanyamula magazi kuchokera kumanzere kupita ku aorta, valavu ya aortic, imachepa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi azituluka mosavuta. Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro monga kutopa, kupuma movutikira, kupweteka pachifuwa, chizungulire, komanso kutupa kwa miyendo.
- Kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa magazi m'thupi: Izi zimachitika pamene valavu ya tricuspid, valavu yomwe imanyamula magazi kuchokera ku atrium yakumanja kupita ku ventricle yakumanja, siitseka bwino. Izi zimathandiza kuti magazi ena atuluke m'mbuyo, kuchokera ku ventricle kupita ku atrium. Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro monga kutupa kwa mitsempha m'khosi, kutopa, ndi kutupa m'miyendo.
Endocarditis
Ngati kachilombo, monga mabakiteriya, kalowa m'magazi mwanu ndikupita kumtima mwanu, kakhoza kulowa mumtima mwanu ndi m'ma valve ake. Izi zimatchedwa endocarditis . Zizindikiro zake ndi monga malungo, kuzizira, thukuta usiku, ndi kupweteka kwa thupi. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu ndipo muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikupeza maantibayotiki. Ngati silinalandire chithandizo, lingayambitse kuwonongeka kwamuyaya kwa mtima wanu.
Zilema za Single Ventricle
Izi ndi zinthu zosazolowereka zomwe zimachitika munthu akangobadwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chimodzi mwa ma valve sichingakule bwino, chingakhale chaching'ono, kapena chingakhale ndi valavu yosowa.
- Matenda a Mtima Wakumanzere Osapitirira Muyeso (HLHS): Mbali yakumanzere ya mtima siimakula bwino.
- Kutsekeka kwa Mapafu: Valavu ya m'mapapo imatsekeka kapena kukula molakwika.
- Tricuspid Atresia: Valavu ya tricuspid siinapangidwe bwino, kotero magazi sangayende kuchokera ku atrium yakumanja kupita ku ventricle yakumanja.
Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati zipinda za mtima wanga zili bwino?
Matenda a mtima amatchedwa "wakupha mwakachetechete" chifukwa nthawi zina amatha kuchitika popanda zizindikiro zilizonse. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupita kukayezetsa nthawi zonse ndikudziwitsa dokotala wanu ngati wina m'banja mwanu adadwalapo matenda a mtima.
Pali njira zingapo zoyezera thanzi la mtima wanu:
- Kumvetsera pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope: Izi zimatha kuzindikira mawu osazolowereka a mtima (kung'ung'udza) ndi mavuto a valavu.
- Electrocardiogram (EKG): Izi zimayesa ntchito yamagetsi ya mtima.
- Echocardiogram (Echo): Ichi chili ngati scan ya mtima. Chimatha kuyang'anira bwino momwe mtima ukugwira ntchito komanso momwe ma valve alili.
Chithandizo chimadalira matenda anu. Nthawi zina mungauzidwe kuti musinthe pang'ono moyo wanu (monga kuchepetsa kumwa khofi). Nthawi zina, mungapatsidwe mankhwala. Pa zinthu monga mavuto a valavu, mungafunike opaleshoni. Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu.Choncho musaope kumuuza za zizindikiro zatsopano zilizonse.
Kodi ndingatani kuti mtima wanga ukhale wathanzi?
Pali zinthu zambiri zosavuta zomwe mungachite kuti mtima wanu wonse ukhale wathanzi.
- Zakudya zabwino pamtima: Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni mavuto monga kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol yambiri.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Kuyenda kapena kuthamanga masiku angapo pa sabata kungakuthandizeni kulimbitsa mtima wanu. Koma lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu musanayambe pulogalamu iliyonse yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- Pewani kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa: Zizolowezi zimenezi n’zoipa pa mtima wanu ndi thupi lanu lonse.
Yambani ndi kusintha pang'ono. Pakapita nthawi, mutha kupeza zotsatira zazikulu kuchokera ku kusinthako pang'ono.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mtima wathu uli ndi zipinda zinayi. Zipinda zimenezi zimagwira ntchito limodzi popopera magazi m'thupi lonse.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro monga kulimba kwachilendo pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kutopa pafupipafupi, kutupa kwa miyendo yanu, kapena chizungulire, musanyalanyaze. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Matenda ambiri a mtima sasonyeza zizindikiro kumayambiriro, choncho ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala nthawi zonse, ngakhale mutaganiza kuti palibe vuto lililonse.
- Moyo wathanzi, monga kudya zakudya zabwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, komanso kupewa kusuta fodya, ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera mtima wanu.
- Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena nkhawa zilizonse zokhudza thanzi la mtima wanu, lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli.
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