Kodi mukudabwa za chimfine ndi chifuwa chomwe ana aang'ono akukumana nacho masiku ano? Tiyeni tikambirane za mavairasi a parainfluenza awa (Human Parainfluenza Virus - HPIVs)!

Kodi mwana wanu wadwala chimfine chomwe chakhala chikumuchitikira kwa masiku angapo? Kapena ali ndi chifuwa chosatha? Mwina pakhosi pake? Zizindikirozi sizofala pakati pa ana aang'ono okha masiku ano, komanso nthawi zina pakati pa akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake mwina mukudabwa chomwe chimayambitsa izi. Lero tikambirana za gulu la mavairasi omwe amayambitsa matenda opuma. Ndi mavairasi a parainfluenza, kapena monga momwe madokotala amawatchulira `(Human Parainfluenza Virus - HPIVs)`.

Kodi parainfluenza (HPIV) kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, parainfluenza ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la gulu la mavairasi omwe amakhudza dongosolo lathu lopumira, kutanthauza mphuno, pakhosi, ndi mapapo. Mavairasi awa angayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchira pakatha masiku ochepa. Koma nthawi zina, makamaka kwa ana aang'ono, okalamba, kapena omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, amatha kukhala oopsa kwambiri.

Taganizirani izi motere, kachilomboka kali ngati munthu amene nthawi zonse amakhala pakati pathu, koma samakhudza aliyense mofanana.

Aliyense akhoza kutenga matenda a HPV (HPIV), koma amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono ndi makanda. Mungathe kutenga kachilomboka kangapo m'moyo wanu, ndipo mutha kutenganso kachilomboka ngati mutatenga kachilomboka muli ana aang'ono. Koma pali nkhani yabwino! Kawirikawiri, nthawi yoyamba mukatenga kachilomboka (nthawi zambiri muli ana), nthawi ina ikachitikanso, si nkhani yaikulu kwambiri.

Matenda a ``(HPIV)`` amenewa nthawi zambiri amapezeka kwambiri nthawi zina pachaka. Amafala kwambiri nthawi ya autumn, yozizira, ndi masika (monga miyezi yozizira ya chaka).

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilombo ka parainfluenza?

Inde, pali mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya mavairasi a parainfluenza omwe apezeka:

• HPIV-1 ndi HPIV-2: Mitundu iwiriyi ndi yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa chimfine ndi vuto lotchedwa ``Croup'', lomwe ndi chifuwa chowuma komanso chopweteka chomwe chimapezeka mwa ana . Vuto la ``Croup'' limeneli lingapangitsenso kuti ana aang'ono azivutika kupuma.
• HPIV-3: Mtundu uwu ukhoza kukhudza mwachindunji mbali zapansi za njira yathu yopumira, kutanthauza mapapo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matenda monga bronchiolitis, bronchitis, kapena chibayo nthawi zambiri amapezeka.
• HPIV-4: Ngakhale kuti palibe zambiri zomwe zapezeka zokhudza mtundu uwu, madokotala amakhulupirira kuti zimayambitsa matenda omwewo monga `(HPIV-3)`.

Kodi izi ndi monga chimfine wamba (Flu), RSV, kapena COVID-19? Kapena ndi zosiyana?

Ili ndi vuto lofala kwa anthu ambiri. Parainfluenza, kachilombo kofala ka chimfine `(Influenza virus)`, `(RSV)` (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), ndi `(COVID-19)` zonse zimayambitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavairasi. Koma zizindikiro za chilichonse mwa izi nthawi zina zimakhala zofanana. Zinthu monga malungo, chifuwa, ndi kupweteka kwa thupi zimatha kuwoneka mwa zonsezi.

Chofunika ndichakuti matenda onsewa a mavairasi nthawi zina angayambitse matenda aakulu monga chibayo. Njira yokhayo yodziwira bwino kachilombo komwe muli nako ndikupita kukayezetsa ndi dokotala.

Mukamva dzina lakuti "parainfluenza," limamveka ngati "fuluwenza" (kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa chimfine), sichoncho? Kale, madokotala ankaganiza kuti ndi kachilombo komweko. Koma tsopano tikudziwa kuti ndi matenda osiyana.

Kodi parainfluenza ndi yofala bwanji? Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matendawa?

Matenda a parainfluenza ndi ofala kwambiri, makamaka pakati pa ana aang'ono ndi makanda. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ana opitirira 75% azaka zopitirira 5 ndi 90% a akuluakulu adatengapo kachilomboka kale. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa poyesa ma antibodies m'magazi awo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chidalimbana ndi kachilomboka nthawi ina m'mbuyomu.

Matenda a parainfluenza nthawi zambiri si oopsa kwa akuluakulu athanzi. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, monga matenda osatha a m'mapapo kapena chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, matendawa akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri ndipo amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti achire.

Pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda aakulu ochokera ku "HPIV" awa:

• Kwa ana osakwana zaka 5.
• Kwa akuluakulu opitirira zaka 65.
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (makamaka ngati adachitidwapo kanthu kena monga kuikidwa chiwalo).
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda monga mphumu, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), ndi matenda ena osatha a m'mapapo (Interstitial lung disease).

Kodi zizindikiro za kachilombo ka parainfluenza ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwa akuluakulu, koma zimatha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono ndi omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Onani ngati zizindikirozi zikumveka zachilendo kwa inu:

• Malungo.
• Chifuwa: Ichi chingakhale chifuwa chachifupi komanso chachibadwa. Kapena chingakhale chifuwa chowuma ngati galu akukuwa (Croup) . Nthawi zina chingakhale chifuwa chokhalitsa komanso chotupa (Bronchitis).
• Kutsekeka kapena mphuno yotsekeka.
• Kupweteka pakhosi/pakhosi.
• Phokoso la kupuma kapena stridor likamapuma.
• Kusamveka bwino kwa mawu.
• Kutsimula.

Kodi kachilombo ka parainfluenza kameneka kamatikhudza bwanji?

Kachiromboka kamafalikira kudzera mu kukhudzana mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka. Tangoganizirani, mnzanuyo ali ndi chimfine. Akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, madontho ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi kachilomboka amatuluka mumlengalenga.Ikhoza kulowa m'mphuno ndi mkamwa mwanu. Kapena madontho amenewo akhoza kulowa m'manja mwanu ndi kulowa m'mphuno ndi mkamwa mwanu mukakhudza nkhope yanu.

Mwanjira ina:

• Munthu wodwala akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.
• Mwa kukhudza malo (monga zitseko, makompyuta, mafoni) omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kenako nkukhudza nkhope yanu, pakamwa, mphuno, kapena maso anu ndi dzanja lomwelo.
• Mwa kukhudza manja ndi nkhope ya munthu wodwala, kenako nkukhudza nkhope yanu, pakamwa panu, mphuno yanu, ndi maso anu.
• Ana aang'ono angatenge matendawa kuchokera kwa ana ena kapena pogwira zinthu monga madesiki, zoseweretsa, ndi zida zosewerera. Taganizirani izi, ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri amaika zoseweretsa mkamwa mwawo, amaika manja awo mkamwa mwawo. Kuti athe kuzigwira mosavuta.

Kodi izi zimabereka mosavuta?

Inde, parainfluenza ndi kachilombo komwe kamafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Kamafalikira mwachangu makamaka pakati pa ana aang'ono chifukwa samvetsa bwino ukhondo monga momwe akuluakulu amamvetsetsa.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi?

Kawirikawiri, dokotala sachita mayeso enieni kuti aone ngati pali kachilombo ka parainfluenza. Komabe, ngati atero, amatha kutenga chitsanzo cha mamina kuchokera m'mphuno kapena pakhosi panu pogwiritsa ntchito swab yayitali yokhala ndi thonje. Imatumizidwa ku labu kuti ikayesedwe ngati pali ma HPIV ndi mavairasi ena ndi mabakiteriya.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amazindikira matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha "HPIV" awa pofunsa za zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyesani. Nazi zina zomwe angachite akakuyesani:

• Kumvetsera mtima ndi mapapo anu.
• Kuyang'ana mphuno ndi pakamwa panu.
• Yesani kuthamanga kwa magazi anu ndi lamba pa mkono wanu.
• Pulse oximeter, kapena pulse ox, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi mwa kumangirira chinthu chonga chogwirira chala.

Kodi mumatha bwanji kuthana ndi zizindikiro kunyumba?

Anthu ambiri amatha kuthana ndi zizindikiro zochepa za matenda a HPIV kunyumba. Akuluakulu angagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ena omwe amagulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala. Komabe, nthawi zonse muyenera kufunsa dokotala musanapatse mwana wanu mankhwala aliwonse. Aspirin sivomerezeka makamaka kwa ana osakwana zaka 16.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kunyumba kuti muchepetse zizindikiro:

• Pumulani mokwanira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musagwiritse ntchito thupi lanu mopitirira muyeso.
• Imwani madzi ambiri monga madzi ndi supu. Izi zithandiza kuti thupi lanu lisathe madzi m'thupi.
• Gwiritsani ntchito chotenthetsera mpweya m'chipinda chanu kapena m'chipinda cha mwana wanu. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa pakhosi, mphuno yotsekeka, ndi chifuwa.
• Mungagwiritse ntchito acetaminophen (Tylenol®) kapena mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe si a steroidal (NSAIDs) kuti muchepetse kutentha thupi komanso kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa thupi . Komabe, onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa mlingo weniweni ngati mukupereka kwa ana.
• Mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kutsekeka kwa m'mimba, mankhwala oletsa chifuwa, mankhwala otulutsa ma expectorant, kapena mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka kwa m'mero, kutengera zizindikiro zanu. Komabe, ndi bwino kumwa mankhwalawa pokhapokha ngati dokotala akupatsani upangiri.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku parainfluenza?

Mwatsoka, palibe katemera woteteza ku kachilombo ka parainfluenza. Komabe, zizolowezi zina za tsiku ndi tsiku zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matendawa:

• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Ngati sopo ndi madzi sizikupezeka, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa.
• Tsekani mphuno ndi pakamwa panu mukamakoka kapena kutsokomola. Ndi bwino kutsokomola/kutsokomola m'chigongono kapena mu nsalu. Musachite izi ndi manja anu opanda kanthu.
• Ngati inu kapena wina ali ndi matenda opatsirana monga chimfine, chepetsani kukhudzana ndi ena.
• Ngati mukudwala ndipo muyenera kukhala pafupi ndi anthu ena, valani chigoba.
• Pewani kukhudza nkhope, maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa pafupipafupi.
• Musagawane chakudya, zakumwa, mbale, kapena ziwiya ndi ena.
• Phunzitsani ana aang'ono momwe angasambitsire m'manja mwawo moyenera komanso njira zina zodzitetezera ku ukhondo msanga.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikadwala matendawa? Adzakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Anthu ambiri amadwala kachilomboka (HPIV) kamodzi kokha asanakwanitse zaka 5. Ngati agwidwanso ndi kachilomboka kwa ana okalamba ndi akuluakulu, zizindikiro zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa. Anthu ambiri amatha kuthana ndi zizindikiro zawo kunyumba. Koma muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zake. Ana aang'ono, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha a m'mapapo, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala kwambiri.

Kutengera mtundu wa matenda a HPIV omwe muli nawo, mutha kudwala kwa masiku angapo mpaka sabata. Zizindikiro zina (monga chifuwa) zimatha kukhala kwa milungu iwiri kapena kuposerapo.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi ati?

Monga tafotokozera kale, ana osakwana zaka 5, akuluakulu opitirira zaka 65, ndi omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka amatha kudwala matenda oopsa chifukwa cha HPIV. Mavuto ofala kwambiri ndi chibayo ndi mitundu yoopsa ya croup. Zonsezi zingayambitse kupuma movutikira ndipo zingafunike kugonekedwa kuchipatala.

Ndipotu, ana ambiri omwe amagonekedwa m'chipatala chifukwa cha matenda opumira amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a "HPIV".

Kodi nthawi zabwino zokaonana ndi dokotala ndi ziti?

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zoopsa za matenda otchedwa ``Croup'', muyenera kuwona dokotala. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Chifuwa chouma, ngati galu akuuma.
• Ngati mukupanga phokoso pamene mukupuma (kupuma mokweza).
• Ngati mukuvutika kupuma.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Chipinda Chothandizira Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) liti?

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri , pitani kuchipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Malungo amphamvu kwambiri (oposa 103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma.
• Palibe kapena mkodzo wotuluka pang'ono kwambiri.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena m'mimba kosalekeza.
• Ngati mukumva chizungulire nthawi zonse.
• Kupweteka kwambiri kwa minofu kapena kufooka.
• Kusanduka kwa buluu kwa khungu, milomo, kapena misomali (cyanosis) (ichi chingakhale chizindikiro cha mpweya wochepa m'magazi).
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu .

Mafunso ofunikira oti mufunse dokotala wanu

Mukapita kwa dokotala, ndibwino kufunsa mafunso awa:

• Kodi mungachiritse bwanji zizindikiro kunyumba?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe ndingagwiritse ntchito pa mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala (mankhwala a OTC)?
• Kodi ndi mankhwala otani omwe ndingapereke kwa mwana wanga? Kodi mlingo wake ndi wotani?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zoopsa zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa?
• Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi?
• Kodi mukufuna kubwera kudzakumananso?
• Zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti muchiriretu?

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Mavairasi a Parainfluenza (HPIVs) ndi gulu la mavairasi ofala omwe amayambitsa matenda kuyambira chimfine mpaka matenda monga croup. Akuluakulu ambiri amadwala ndipo sadwala. Komabe, anthu ena amatha kudwala kwambiri ndi kachilomboka. Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 65, muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, kapena muli ndi mwana wosakwana zaka 5, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zizindikiro zoopsa. Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, musazengereze kupita kwa dokotala kapena kupita kuchipatala chapafupi. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

` Parainfluenza, HPIV, matenda opumira, chifuwa, malungo, chifuwa chachikulu, bronchitis, chibayo, thanzi la ana, matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi