Ushobora no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kutabona! Reka tumenye byinshi kuri Retinal Detachment.

Ese wigeze utekereza ukuntu amaso yacu ari meza cyane? Amaso yacu akora nk'icyuma gifata amashusho. Igice cy'ijisho cy'ingenzi cyane ni retina. Hari igihe iyi retina ishobora kwitandukanya. Niyo mpamvu tuyita kwitandukanya kwa retina, cyangwa `(Kwitandukanya kwa retina)`. Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane, nubwo idatera ububabare. Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi, kuko kubimenya ari ingenzi cyane kuri wowe n'abakunzi bawe.

Retina ni iki? Gutandukanya bivuze iki?

Mu magambo make, retina ni urwego rw'inyuma rw'ijisho ryawe rushobora kwitabwaho n'urumuri. Ni nk'urumuri ruri muri kamera ya filime. Iyo urumuri ruturutse ku bintu ubona ruguye kuri retina, rutanga ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bijya mu bwonko bwawe. Ni bwo ubona.

Noneho tekereza kuri ibi, bigenda bite iyo iyi retina yitandukanije n'ingingo ziyitunga kandi ikazifata? Ibyo ni byo byitwa gutandukana kw'ijisho. Iyo yitandukanije gutya, retina ntibona amaraso, ogisijeni, n'intungamubiri ikeneye. Ibi bishobora kwangiza icyerekezo cyawe, kandi iyo bitavuwe, bishobora gutera ubuhumyi. Rero iki si ikintu cyo gufatanwa uburemere.

Ikirenze byose, iyi ndwara ubusanzwe nta bubabare igira, bityo ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga ibimenyetso bikigaragara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso byo gucika kw'ijisho ry'umugongo (retinal declination)? Wakora iki mu gihe uhuye n'ibi bimenyetso?

Hari abantu bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso na gato. Ariko, abantu benshi bagaragaza ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe mu buryo butunguranye. Uburemere bw'ibi bimenyetso bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'uburyo igice cy'inyuma cy'amaso gitandukanye.

Witondere cyane ibi bimenyetso:

• Kubona ibintu byinshi bireremba imbere y'amaso yawe icyarimwe: Utudomo duto, uduce tw'imigozi, ibintu bisa n'urushundura, n'utudomo tw'umukara bishobora kugaragara nk'aho bireremba iyo urimo uzunguza amaso yawe. Ni ibisanzwe kubona rimwe cyangwa abiri rimwe na rimwe, ariko ugomba guhangayika niba utangiye kubona byinshi icyarimwe.
• Photopsia: Kubona amatara nk'aho arimo arabagirana mu jisho mu buryo butunguranye.
• Kumva nk'aho kureba kwawe kurimo kugenda kwijima: Kureba kwawe ku ruhande bishobora kumera nk'aho ari umwijima, nk'aho hari umwenda w'umukara washyizwe ku ruhande.
• Kumva nk'aho umwenda w'umukara utwikiriye igice cy'amaso yawe: Nk'uko umwenda ugwa ku idirishya, uruhande rumwe rw'amaso yawe rushobora kwijima buhoro buhoro.

Niba hari kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso kigaragaye, ugomba kujya kwa muganga w’amaso cyangwa kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihuse, udategereje ko ububabare bugabanuka. Abaganga barashaka gutangira kuvurwa vuba bishoboka.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ihungabana ry'ijisho ry'umura (retinal detachment)?

Hari uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi retina ishobora kwitandukanya nabwo:

1. Ubwoko bwa Rhegmatogenous: Iyi ni yoUbwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Ibi bikunze kubaho uko tugenda dusaza. Uko tugenda dusaza, ikintu kimeze nk'ijisho kiri mu jisho (kitwa 'vitreous humor') kiragabanuka, kigacika, hanyuma kikava kuri retina. Ibi bishobora gutera umwobo muto muri retina ('irira ry'ijisho'). Uyu mwobo utuma amazi ameze nk'ijisho yikusanyiriza inyuma ya retina, agasunika retina kure y'ijisho.

2. Ubwoko bw'imitsi ifata: Muri ubu bwoko, retina irakururwa ikanavanwaho bitewe n'inkovu ziba kuri retina. Abantu barwaye diyabete (`Diabetes Mellitus`) bakunze kugira ubu bwoko bw'imitsi ivanwaho. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo isukari mu maraso imaze igihe kirekire, inkovu zishobora kuvuka bitewe no kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaraso mu jisho. Uko izo nkovu zigenda zikura, zikurura retina zikayivamo.

3. Ubwoko bwa exudative: Muri ubu bwoko, amazi yiyongera inyuma ya retina nta mwenge uri muri retina. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera amazi kwiyongera ni amazi ava mu mitsi y'amaraso iri imbere mu jisho cyangwa kubyimba inyuma y'ijisho. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zo kubyimba mu jisho (uveitis).

Gucika kw'ijisho ry'ijisho (retinal declination) bikunze kugaragara gute?

Iyi si indwara yibasira buri wese. Dukurikije amakuru y’Abanyamerika, bivugwa ko umuntu umwe ku bihumbi icumi ashobora kuyirwara buri mwaka. Ubundi bushakashatsi buvuga ko ubwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane, rhegmatogenous lupus, bushobora kurwara hagati ya 6 na 18 ku bihumbi ijana. Ibi bivuze ko nubwo idakunze kugaragara cyane, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko umuntu wese ashobora kuyirwara.

Ni izihe mpamvu n'ibintu bishobora gutera gucika kw'ijisho ry'umura?

Hari impamvu nyinshi n'ibintu bishobora gutera ibi:

• Gusaza: Abantu barengeje imyaka 50 ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara.
• Gukomereka kw'ijisho: Iyo ijisho rikubiswe cyane, nko mu mpanuka.
• Niba warigeze kugira ikibazo cyo kutagira aho uborera cyangwa niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iki kibazo.
• Niba warigeze kubagwa amaso mbere: urugero, nyuma yo kubagwa imboni y'amaso.
• Abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutabona kure (batareba hafi cyane): Ku bafite indorerwamo nyinshi cyane za muganga.
• Gutandukanya Vitreous y'inyuma: Ikintu kimeze nk'umugeri kiri mu jisho gitandukanye n'ijisho rya retina.
• Izindi ndwara zigira ingaruka kuri retine: Urugero, kugabanuka kwa retine (kwangirika kwa lattice) cyangwa retine iterwa na diyabete.
• Zimwe mu ndwara z'amaso zikomoka ku nkomoko y'abantu.
• Iyo ijisho rimwe rifite umwobo cyangwa icyuho muri retina, irindi jisho na ryo riba riri mu kaga.

Niba ufite ibi bintu bishobora gutera ibyago, ni ngombwa cyane kuvugana na muganga wawe no gusuzumisha amaso yawe buri gihe.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Gucika kw'ijisho ry'umugongo ni indwara ikomeye cyane.Ibi bishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza. Mu by'ukuri, iyo bitavuwe, bishobora gutuma umuntu ahuma burundu mu minsi mike. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gushaka ubuvuzi vuba vuba ibimenyetso bikigaragara.

Abaganga babibona bate ibi?

Kugira ngo ubimenye, ugomba gupimwa amaso yawe neza . Muganga wawe w'amaso azagupima amaso yawe akoresheje ibinini by'amaso kugira ngo asuzume retina yawe. Nyuma y'iminota mike, muganga azabasha kubona retina yawe neza.

Nyuma y'iki gipimo, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima ibindi bintu bitababaza. Ibi bishobora gutanga ishusho isobanutse neza kandi irambuye ya retina yawe:

• Isuzuma ry'ijisho rihuza amaso (OCT): Iri naryo ni isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ijisho. Wicaye imbere y'imashini, ugafata umutwe wawe ntuje, hanyuma imashini igasuzuma ijisho ryawe. Nta kintu na kimwe kigera ku jisho.
• Ishusho ya fundus: Ibi kandi bifotora retina. Ijisho rikunze kwaguka kubera ibi.
• Ultrasound y'amaso: Ibi ntibisaba kwagura ijisho. Ariko, ibitonyanga by'amaso bishobora gukoreshwa mu gutuma ijisho ritameze neza. Mu gihe wicaye ku ntebe kandi umutwe wawe uhagaze, agakoresho gato gashyirwa hejuru y'ijisho ryawe kagasuzumwa. Hanyuma, mu gihe amaso yawe afunze, gel ishyirwa hejuru y'amaso yawe, hanyuma igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kuzengurutsa amaso yawe.
• CT Scan (`Computed Tomography - CT scan`): Iki ni ikizamini gihuza `X-rays` na mudasobwa. Akenshi gikorwa iyo hari igikomere mu jisho kandi hari ukeka ko hari ikintu cyinjiyemo.

Gucika kw'ijisho ry'impyiko bivurwa gute ?

Muganga wawe w'amaso azakubwira uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye. Hari igihe ushobora gukoresha uburyo burenze bumwe kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza.

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ni ubu:

• Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser cyangwa cryopexy (uburyo bwo gukonjesha).
• Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mitsi (pneumatic retinopexy).
• Igipfunyika cya Scleral (icyuma gifata silicone).
• Vitrectomy (kubagwa kugira ngo hakurweho agahu k'umubiri).

Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser cyangwa cryopexy

Hari igihe, mbere yuko retina ivamo, muganga ashobora kubona umwobo gusa muri retina ('amarira y'impyiko'). Hanyuma, muganga akoresha laser ya muganga cyangwa igikoresho gikonjesha kugira ngo afunge umwobo. Ibi bitera inkovu kandi bigafasha retina kuguma mu mwanya wayo.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara yo mu bwonko (pneumatic retinopexy)

Icyo bibaho muri iki kibazo ni uko muganga atera akantu gato k'umwuka mu jisho. Akantu k'umwuka gakanda kuri retina, gafunga umwobo. Hanyuma umwobo ushobora gufungwa burundu hakoreshejwe laser cyangwa cryopexy. Amazi yakusanyije munsi ya retina ahita yinjira mu mubiri. Retina ishobora kongera gufata ku rukuta rw'ijisho. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, akantu k'umwuka na ko karashyirwa mu mubiri.

Nyuma y'uku kubagwa, ni ingenzi cyane kuguma uhagaze neza kandi ugasinzira nk'uko muganga abivuga. Nubwo bibabaza gato, ni ukwigomwa by'igihe gito kugira ngo ubone inyungu z'igihe kirekire.

Igipfunyika cya Scleral (icyuma gifata silicone)

Muri ubu buryo, muganga abaga agapfunyika ka silikoni cyangwa eponji ('igipfunyika') hafi y'ijisho. Aka gapfunyika gafasha gufata retina mu mwanya wayo. Agapfunyika kaba kariho burundu, ariko ntushobora kuyibona. Hanyuma, umwobo urafungwa hakoreshejwe laser cyangwa cryopexy. Hari igihe, umutuku w'umwuka ushobora gutoborwa cyangwa amazi agakurwa munsi ya retina kugira ngo retina yongere ifatanye.

Vitrectomy (kubagwa kugira ngo bakuremo vitreous)

Dore ibintu bikorwa mu gihe cyo kubagwa mu jisho:

• Ikintu kimeze nk'umugeri kiri mu jisho (`vitreous`) kirakurwamo.
• Umwobo uwo ari wo wose muri retina ufungwa hakoreshejwe laser cyangwa uburyo bwo gukonjesha.
• Ifuro ry'umwuka, gaze, cyangwa peteroli rishyirwa mu jisho kugira ngo retina isubire mu mwanya wayo.

Iyo muganga ashyizemo agapira k'amavuta, kazakurwaho mu mezi make. Utwo dupira tw'umwuka n'umwuka binjira mu mubiri. Iyo ushyizemo agapira k'umwuka mu jisho ryawe, uzakenera guhagarika ingendo zo kujya ahantu hirengeye no kuguruka igihe gito. Ibi biterwa nuko ingano y'agapira k'umwuka n'umuvuduko w'ijisho (umuvuduko wo mu jisho) bishobora kwiyongera uko uburebure buhinduka. Muganga wawe azakubwira igihe ushobora kongera gukora ibi bintu.

Ese hari ingorane cyangwa ingaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi?

Kubaga retina bigabanya ububabare muri rusange birakora neza cyane. Ariko, kimwe no kubaga ukundi kose, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe n'ingorane zimwe na zimwe:

• Kuva amaraso.
• Kwandura indwara.
• Ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko imbere mu jisho.
• Birashoboka ko hagomba kubagwa bundi bushya.
• Nyuma yo kubagwa, uturemangingo dushobora kwirema, dushobora kugabanuka no gukurura ingirangingo. Ibi byitwa ``Proliferative Retinopathy`` cyangwa ``Epiretinal membrane``.
• Yahise agira ikibazo cy’ijisho ry’amaso, cyamusabye kubagwa.

Ni iki wakwitega nyuma yo kubagwa retina?

Nyuma yo kuvurwa, ushobora kumva utameze neza mu byumweru bike. Muganga wawe azakubwira ibijyanye n'imiti igabanya ububabare n'ubundi buryo bwo kugufasha. Ugomba kandi kwirinda gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu byumweru bike. Ganira na muganga wawe igihe ushobora kongera gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gutwara imodoka, n'indi mirimo isanzwe.

Ibindi bintu byo kwitega nyuma yo kubagwa:

• Agapfukamunwa k'amaso: Komeza ushyire agapfukamunwa k'amaso kugeza igihe muganga wawe agutegetse.
• Uko wafata umutwe wawe: Niba ufite udusebe mu jisho, kurikiza amabwiriza y'uko wafata umutwe wawe neza. Muganga wawe azakubwira uko wafata umutwe wawe n'igihe ugomba kuwufata kugira ngo ijisho ryawe rire neza.
• Ibitonyanga by'amaso: Muganga azaguha amabwiriza y'uko wakoresha ibitonyanga by'amaso kugira ngo ufashe amaso yawe gukira.
• Kurushaho kubona neza: Ugomba kubona ko kureba kwawe kugenda kumera neza buhoro buhoro mu byumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu nyuma yo kubagwa. Bishobora gufata amezi menshi kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byuzuye.

Ese gucika kw'ijisho ry'impyiko (retinal degradation) bishobora kwirindwa?

Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane, bwitwa rhegmatogenous, ntabwo bushobora kwirindwa burundu. Ariko hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara:

• Suzuma amaso yawe buri gihe: Gusuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe bishobora kugufasha kurinda ubuzima bw'amaso yawe. Ni ngombwa cyane cyane gusuzumisha amaso yawe niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutareba hafi (myopia), kuko myopia yongera ibyago byo kwandura umwijima. Muganga wawe w'amaso ashobora kugukorera isuzuma ryagutse kugira ngo arebe ko hari utwobo duto muri retina yawe.
• Komeza kwirinda: Koresha indorerwamo z'amaso nk'indorerwamo z'umutekano mu gihe ukina siporo cyangwa ukora akazi kateje akaga.
• Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse: Niba ubonye ibimenyetso byo gucika kw'ijisho, gana muganga w'amaso cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bwihuse.
• Komeza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange: vura indwara zidakira, jya urya indyo yuzuye, kandi ugire imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.

Kugira ngo wirinde indwara ya glaucoma iterwa na diyabete, bifasha kugenzura neza urugero rw'isukari mu maraso n'umuvuduko w'amaraso.

Ugomba gusuzumwa amaso kangahe?

Muri rusange ni byiza ko abantu bafite ibyago bike byo kurwara amaso bakwisuzumisha rimwe mu mwaka. Niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara amaso, ushobora gukenera kwisuzumisha amaso kenshi. Vugana na muganga wawe ku byerekeye gahunda nziza yo kwisuzumisha.

Bigenda bite iyo ngize ikibazo cyo gucika kw'ijisho (retinal detachment)?

Imiterere yawe izaterwa n'ibintu nk'uko kureba kwawe kwari kumeze mbere yo kuva mu jisho, aho kuva mu jisho kugeze, ndetse niba hari izindi ngorane. Muganga wawe azakubwira ubwoko bw'iyerekwa ushobora kwitega ko uzasubira kubona.

Kubaga retina yo mu bwoko bwa rhegmatogenous dectation akenshi biragira ingaruka nziza cyane - abantu icyenda kuri icumi barakira. Hari igihe hakenerwa kubagwa inshuro zirenze imwe kugira ngo retina yongere ifatanye.

Ese retina ishobora kugaruka?

Yego, birashoboka ko gucika kw'ijisho ry'umura (retinal declination) bibaho inshuro zirenze imwe. Ibi bibaye, kubagwa kwa kabiri bishobora kuba ngombwa. Vugana na muganga wawe ku ngamba zo kwirinda ushobora gufata kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe.

Nitwara nte?

Igikuru ni ugukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga w'amaso neza, cyane cyane ajyanye n'uko umutwe wawe uhagaze n'ibikorwa byawe.

Baza muganga wawe uburyo bwo koroshya ibintu, nko gukoresha umusego ukomeye mu ijosi kugira ngo ukomeze umutwe wawe uhagaze neza. Niba ugomba kuryama ureba hasi, ibiro bya muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu rugo.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze?

Amabwiriza ya muganga wawe azagaragaza ibyo ubutabazi bwihutirwa ari byo, ariko ugomba guhamagara muganga wawe cyangwa ugashaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa vuba mu gihe habayeho kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Iyo bikomeye, ububabare butunguranye buraba.
• Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso by'ubwandu (urugero: kubyimba, umuriro).
• Iyo hari ikintu gitunguranye gisohoka mu gutwi.
• Niba utakaje icyerekezo cyawe mu buryo butunguranye.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga w'amaso yanjye?

Niba ufite retina idakora neza (cyangwa ufite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara), baza muganga wawe ibi bikurikira:

• Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara ya cataract kuri njye?
• Ese nkeneye kubagwa?
• Ni gute narinda ubuzima bw'amaso yanjye nyuma yo kubagwa?
• Ni kangahe nkwiye gusuzumwa amaso yanjye?
• Ni iki kindi nakora kugira ngo ngire ibyago byo gucika kw'ijisho ry'umugongo?

Ubutumwa bwa nyuma bwo kujyana mu rugo

Gucika kw'ijisho ry'ijisho ni indwara idatera ububabare ariko ikomeye. Iyo utangiye kubona ibintu birebire mu kirere, urumuri, cyangwa kutabona neza, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya. Shaka muganga w'amaso cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bwihuse. Gucika kw'ijisho ry'ijisho bisaba ubwoko runaka bwo kubagwa kugira ngo bikosorwe. Nubwo ubuvuzi bwatinda iminsi mike, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona burundu bishobora kubaho. Nyuma yo kubagwa, ni ngombwa gukurikiza amabwiriza y'umuganga wawe kugira ngo urinde kureba kwawe.

Kugabanya amaso , Indwara z'amaso, Kubura amaso, Kubagwa amaso, Ibimenyetso by'amaso, Ubuzima bw'amaso