Icyo ugomba kumenya ku miti "ikiza ubuzima" ishongesha amaraso afunganye (thrombolytics)

Ese wigeze wibaza ubwoko bw'ibintu abaganga bakoresha kugira ngo bakize ubuzima bwacu mu gihe habayeho ikibazo gikomeye nko kurwara indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo mu bwonko? Hari igihe ubuzima bwacu bushingira ku buvuzi butangwa mu minota mike. Muri ibyo bihe, hari ubwoko bw'imiti ikiza ubuzima ikora nk'ubumaji. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri iyo miti yitwa Thrombolytics.

Mu magambo make, iyi miti ya Thrombolytics ni iki?

Tekereza ko imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mubiri wacu imeze nk'urusobe rw'imihanda. Ni muri iyo mihanda amaraso anyuramo, ajyana ogisijeni n'intungamubiri mu mutima wacu, mu bwonko, mu bihaha, kandi muri make, mu mubiri wacu wose. Noneho tekereza, byagenda bite ibuye rinini riramutse riguye muri uyu muhanda mu buryo butunguranye rigafunga umuhanda? Imodoka ntizashoboraga kugenda, kandi imodoka zahagarara burundu.

Ibyo ni nako bibaho iyo amaraso yangiritse mu mitsi yacu imwe maze agafunga. Amaraso ajya mu rugingo rutangwa n'uwo mutsi (urugero: umutima, ubwonko) arahagarara, maze urwo rugingo rugatangira kwangirika. Imiti igabanya amaraso ni "Imiti igabanya amaraso" ishongesha amaraso yangiritse afunga inzira, ikayacamo ibice, hanyuma ikayakuraho, igasubiza amaraso mu nzira.

Iyi miti mu by'ukuri ni enzymes. Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ugusenya urusobe rwa poroteyine yitwa fibrin ifata amaraso. Ni nko gusenya urushundura rw'igitagangurirwa.

Ubusanzwe, iyo winjiye mu bitaro by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ETU) ufite indwara y’umutima, stroke, cyangwa indwara yo mu bihaha, abaganga bashobora gufata icyemezo cyo kuguha uyu muti mu gihe gito nk’igice cy’isaha. Hari igihe ubu buvuzi bushobora no gutangizwa muri ambulance mu gihe ujyanwa kwa muganga.

Iyi miti ni iyihe kandi ni izihe ndwara ikoreshwa?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti igabanya ububabare bw'amaraso. Muganga wawe azaguhitiramo umuti ukubereye bitewe n'uko umeze, ibitaro biherereyemo, n'ibindi bintu. Reka turebe ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ingenzi.

Ni mu bihe bihe uyu muti ukenewe?

Abaganga bakoresha iyi miti gusa iyo amaraso arwaye indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Muri izo ngorane harimo:

• Indwara y'umutima: Indwara y'amaraso ifunga imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima.
• Stroke: Ifu y'amaraso ifunga imitsi ijyana amaraso mu bwonko.
• Kuziba kw'amaraso mu bihaha: Kuziba kw'amaraso kwabayeho ahandi mu mubiri (akenshi mu kuguru) kuracika maze kukaba mu mitsi yo mu bihaha.
• Kuziba kw'imitsi yo mu bwonko (DVT): Amaraso agwa mu mitsi yo mu bwonko, cyane cyane mu maguru.
• Kuziba kw'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'amaraso: Kuziba k'umutsi munini utanga amaraso ku kaguru.
• Kuziba muri catheter yo mu mitsi yo hagati.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'imiti igabanya amaraso n'imiti igabanya amaraso?

Aha niho abantu benshi bahurira n'urujijo. Uburyo ubu bwoko bubiri bw'imiti bukora buratandukanye rwose.

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo:

Thrombolytics ni imiti isenya kandi igashongesha amaraso menshi yamaze kwirema kandi agafunga imiyoboro y'amaraso.Nk'"itsinda rishinzwe gusahura ibintu mu buryo bwihutirwa." Ibi bikoreshwa gusa mu bihe byihutirwa, mu bitaro. Ntushobora kugura iyi miti muri farumasi.

Imiti igabanya amaraso (anticoagulant) nka warfarin, ni nk'umurinzi w'umubiri ubuza amaraso mashya kuzura cyangwa ugatuma amaraso adakomeza kuzura. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukomeza gufata iyi miti. Iyo iyi miti ikoze neza, ishobora kugufasha kwirinda kugira ikibazo cyihutirwa gisaba imiti igabanya amaraso.

Ese hari inyungu ndetse n'ingaruka?

Yego rwose. Kimwe n'umuti uwo ari wo wose ukomeye, imiti ivura indwara zo mu maraso ifite akamaro kanini ariko nanone ifite n'ingaruka twagombye kumenya.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi

Akamaro kanini k'ibi ni uko byihuta . Iyi miti ishobora gufungura vuba imiyoboro y'amaraso yazibye no gusubiza amaraso mu buryo burambye. Ibi bishobora kugabanya kwangirika guhoraho k'ubwonko cyangwa umutima bitewe no kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abarwayi bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imitsi mu masaha make ya mbere nyuma yo gucika intege mu bwonko baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo gukira neza kurusha abatahawe iyo miti.

Ingaruka nyamukuru

Ibi bishobora gutera ingorane kuko umuti ushobora gushonga amaraso ashobora no kugira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y’amaraso mu mubiri.

• Hari abantu bashobora kuva amaraso make mu bice bitandukanye nko mu ishinya no mu mazuru.
• Ni gake cyane, ariko bikomeye, kuva amaraso mu mubiri, cyane cyane mu bwonko (Intracranial Hemorrhage) , bishobora kubaho. Iyi ni indwara iteje akaga cyane.

Ni bande bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuva amaraso?

• Ku bantu bakuze
• Ku bafite amateka yo kuva amaraso
• Ku baherutse kubagwa cyangwa impanuka ikomeye
• Ku basanzwe bafata imiti igabanya amaraso (Anticoagulants)
• Ku bafite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso udagenzurwa

Kubera iyi ngaruka, abaganga bazagukurikirana cyane mu gihe cyo kuvurwa na nyuma yako. Bazagenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe buri gihe. Nanone, hari igihe agace gato k'amaraso yashongeshejwe gashobora gucika kagafata undi mutsi muto. Rero nyuma yo kuvurwa, bazakora ikintu nka CT scan kugira ngo barebe niba hari amaraso asigaye afite.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Niba ufite amakenga make ko wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi, hamagara 1990 ako kanya ufate imbangukiragutabara.

Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa ko wowe n'umuryango wawe mumenya ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima (ububabare bukomeye mu gituza, guhumeka bigoranye, ububabare buturuka mu kuboko kw'ibumoso) hamwe n'indwara yo gucika imitsi (kunanirwa kuvuga, kunama ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura, kubura imikorere y'ukuboko).