Momma yensua ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu ho ade!

So woasusuw ho pɛn sɛ yebetumi anya kokoram wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a yenhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara anaa? Nokwarem no, ahurututu mu kokoram yɛ yare a ɛnyɛ komm. Mpɛn pii no, ebetumi aka akyi dodo bere a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi no. Nanso, mma ɛnhaw wo! Eyi ano aduru pa wɔ hɔ. Ɛno ne ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu .

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Lung Cancer Screening yɛ CT scan (LDCT) a wɔmfa nni dwuma pii a wɔyɛ pɛnkoro afe biara. Etumi hu akuru nketenkete mpo a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu a ebetumi abɛyɛ kokoram, bere mpo a ɛda so ara yɛ nketewa no. LDCT scan no twa w’ahurututu mu mfonini a emu da hɔ. Screening yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa anaa mfoniniyɛ mu sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ de hu sɛ wowɔ yare bi ansa na woanya sɛnkyerɛnne biara.

Ebia woresusuw sɛ, "Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu sɛ minni ɔhaw biara a?" Nanso ahurututu mu kokoram ntaa nhu sɛnkyerɛnne kakraa bi wɔ ne mfiase, bere a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa no. Wɔtaa hu ahurututu mu kokoram bere a yare no akɔ anim kɛse no. Ebedu saa bere no, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya nkwa no sua.

Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret mprempren anaasɛ woagyae wɔ mfe 15 ntam a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubefi ase ayɛ nhwehwɛmu bere a woadi mfe 50. Ɛwom sɛ obiara betumi anya ahurututu mu kokoram de, nanso wɔn a wɔnom sigaret mprempren ne wɔn a wɔnom sigaret dedaw no wɔ asiane kɛse mu.

Henanom na ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw ho anibere so sɛ wɔbɛyɛ ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu?

Nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wudu gyinapɛn ahorow a edidi so yi nyinaa ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ CT scan a wɔmfa nnuru pii nni dwuma afe biara:

• Sɛ woadi mfe 50 kosi 80 a.
• Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret mprempren, anaasɛ ɛboro mfe 15 ni fi bere a wugyaee sigaretnom a.
• Sɛ wowɔ sigaretnom ho abakɔsɛm a anyɛ yiye koraa no ``20-pack mfe''.

Afei ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, "Dɛn ne `pack-year`?" Okay, ma menkyerɛkyerɛ mu tiawa. Wɔnam sigaret kotoku dodow a wonom da biara (sigaret 20 na ɛwɔ kotoku biako mu) a wɔde mfe dodow a woanom no bɔ ho na ebu ho akontaa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wonom sigaret pack biako da biara mfe 20 a, ɛno yɛ `20-pack afe` abakɔsɛm. Anaasɛ, sɛ wonom sigaret pack abien da biara mfe 10 a, ɛno yɛ `20-pack afe` abakɔsɛm. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw wɔ eyi ho akontaabu mu pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mma ɛnhaw wo. Bisa wo duruyɛfo, obetumi aboa wo.

Akwahosan ho abenfo kuw bi a wɔfrɛ wɔn United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) na wɔyɛɛ akwankyerɛ ahorow yi . Wogyina ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu a aba foforo so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu yi yɛ adwuma?

Eyi yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Nea ɛka ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu ho ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo moma so mu mfonini. Saa mfonini ahorow yi nkutoo ntumi nka nkyerɛ wo sɛ "eyi yɛ kokoram." Nanso, saa mfonini ahorow yi betumi akyerɛ akuru nketenkete (`masses`). Afei wɔsan hwehwɛ wɔn mu hwɛ sɛ wɔwɔ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnte saa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ wusiesie wo ho ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ?

Mpɛn pii no, ɛho nhia sɛ wɔyɛ ahosiesie titiriw biara ma eyi (Lung Cancer Screening CT scan). Nanso, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo sɛ ɔwɔ akwankyerɛ titiriw bi ama wo anaa. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhyɛ ntade a ɛnyɛ den ne agude kakraa bi. Sɛ wowɔ ayaresa tebea biara, titiriw ɔhome mu tebea horow a, di kan ka kyerɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ beae a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no anaa wo duruyɛfo no. Ebia wobetumi asan ayɛ scan no ho nhyehyɛe ama da foforo de ahwɛ ahu sɛ nea ebefi mu aba no yɛ nokware sɛnea wobetumi.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Nea ɛkɔ so bere a wɔreyɛ ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu ni:

• Mfiridwumayɛfo a ɔreyɛ scan no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yi agude, dɔn, anaa dade nneɛma afoforo biara mfi hɔ. Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo nso sɛ hyɛ atade a efi w’asen so kɔ soro.
• Wɔbɛma woada mpa a ɛbɛkɔ scanner no mu so.
• Afei mpa no de nkakrankakra kɔ scanning afiri a ɛte sɛ tube anaa donut no mu.
• Bere a scanner no di akɔneaba twa wo ho hyia no, mpa no tumi kɔ anim ne akyi bere a afiri no retwa mfonini no.
• Bere a wɔreyɛ scan no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a mfiridwumayɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ home, anaasɛ home, na afei woakura wo home mu kakra. Ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛyɛ saa nneɛma no sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Mfiridwumayɛfo no ne wo renkɔ scanning dan no mu. Mmom no, ɔbɛtra abɔnten ne wo akasa denam afiri a wɔde kasa so. Enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro.
• Sɛ oduruyɛfo no twa mfonini a ohia nyinaa wie a, mpa no befi scanner no mu aba. Afei wubetumi asɔre.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Akwankyerɛ titiriw biara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wudi akyi bere a woayɛ eyi (LDCT) scan no awie no. Wubetumi ayɛ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow sɛnea wotaa yɛ no.

So asiane ahorow bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

Yiw, te sɛ biribiara no, asiane nketenkete bi wɔ mu. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Atoro nsɛm a ɛyɛ papa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia scan bi behu biribi wɔ w’ahurututu mu a ɛte sɛ kokoram, nanso ɛnyɛ kokoram ankasa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, akuru nketenkete pii a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu (ahurututu mu ntini) no nyɛ asiane biara ankasa. Nanso sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii, ebia oprehyɛn mpo, ansa na woahu no yiye sɛ ebia biribi yɛ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnte saa no betumi ayɛ adwennwen kakra, ɛnte saa?
• Ebetumi aba sɛ akisikuru a wohu denam nhwehwɛmu so no remma wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne da na ɛrentrɛw da. Nanso ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔda so ara sa.
• Mframa a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu. Mframa dodow a wunya fi kɔmputa so tomography (LDCT) a wɔde di dwuma kakraa bi mu no sua koraa. Nanso ɛnyɛ zero. Sɛ wokɔ so nya mframa a ano yɛ den a, ebetumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no ayɛ kɛse kakra. Nanso ɛho hia sɛ wokae sɛ mframa a wɔde ma no dodow sua koraa.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ nnuruyɛfo yɛ saa mfonini ahorow yi de hwehwɛ ahurututu mu kokoram a, wohu tebea afoforo (nea wohu wɔ akwanhyia mu) a na wɔnhwɛ kwan. Sɛ nhwɛso no , tebea bi te sɛ COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) anaa biribi te sɛ nufu mu akisikuru. Ebia nneɛma a wohu wɔ akwanhyia mu yi bi bɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔsa yare. Nanso ɛnyɛ wɔn nyinaa na wohia ayaresa. Wobetumi de sɔhwɛ ne adwennwen a ɛho nhia nso aba.

Enti mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ yi a wobɛyɛ so?

Mfaso pii wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a wɔde CT scan a wɔmfa nni dwuma pii, anaa LDCT, hwehwɛ mu so:

• Nnuruyɛfo tumi de CT scan hu akisikuru nketenkete paa mpo, sɛ wɔde toto koko mu X-ray a wɔyɛ no daa ho a. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔde X-ray a wɔyɛ no daa di dwuma de hwehwɛ ahurututu mu kokoram no kyerɛ sɛ entu mpɔn wɔ kokoram a wohu ntɛm anaasɛ ɛma nkwa a wonya no nkɔ soro te sɛ LDCT.
• Mframa dodow a wɔde di dwuma wɔ (LDCT) mu no sua koraa sen nea wɔde di dwuma daa (CT - computed tomography scan).

Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn anya sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ no mu aba?

Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ mframa a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma so ne wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo mfonini ahorow no mu na wɔama wo amanneɛbɔ a nea efii mu bae no wom. Ebia w’ahurututu mu kokoram nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ no bɛka nsɛm te sɛ:

• Negetifu. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wɔanhu biribiara wɔ wo scan no so a ɛte sɛ nea ebia ɛyɛ kokoram.
• Ɛnyɛ bɔne. Eyi kyerɛ ntini a ɛte sɛ kokoram. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn ho.
• ``Ebia ɛnyɛ bɔne`` kyerɛ akisikuru a ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ kokoram, nanso wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa mfonini a wodi akyi mfa nsi so dua.
• Susu sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ɛno. Eyinom yɛ akuru a ɛte sɛ nea ebetumi ayɛ kokoram. Ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ mfonini foforo na ebia wɔyɛ biopsy.
• Adwene mu naayɛ kɛse. Eyinom yɛ akuru a ɛte sɛ kokoram. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ebehia sɛ woyɛ mfonini foforo ne nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ ahurututu mu kokoram ho ɔbenfo (oncologist).
• ``Nea ɛho hia anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛho hia``. Ebia radiologist no bɛka sɛ ``ɛho hia`` anaa ``ɛbɛtumi ayɛ nea ɛho hia`` wɔ biribi a wɔhunu a ɛnyɛ kokoram nanso ebia ɛbɛhia sɛ wɔyɛ mfonini anaa sɔhwɛ foforɔ.
• Ɛnyɛ nea edi mũ.Wei kyerɛ sɛ wontumi nkyerɛ wo scan no ase yiye. Eyi betumi aba esiane sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare nti, anaasɛ esiane sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde toto scan a wɔadi kan ayɛ ho nti. Ɛho behia sɛ wosan yɛ wo scan bio wɔ asram kakraa bi mu na ama woahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Bere tenten ahe na ɛtaa gye ansa na wɔanya nea efi mu ba?

Bere a egye na wɔanya ahurututu mu kokoram nhwehwɛmu mu aba no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Sɛ wuhia sɛ wodi w’akyi kakra a, mpɛn pii no, wo duruyɛfo bɛfrɛ wo nnansa yi ara. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, ebetumi agye baabiara fi da koro kosi nna kakraa bi. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo bere a wubetumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ ebefi mu aba.

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, dɛn na woyɛ akyi?

Wo duruyɛfo ne wo besusuw nea efii w’ahurututu mu kokoram nhwehwɛmu no mu aba ho. Sɛ ɛho hia a, nneɛma a edi hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ no bi ne:

• Scan foforo (LDCT) wɔ asram abiɛsa kosi asia mu.
• Wɔyɛ CT scan a wɔde hu yare sɛ nea wɔde di akyi.
• PET/CT scan a wɔreyɛ.
• Nhyiamu a wɔne kokoram ho ɔbenfo (`oncologist`).
• Kɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo (ma ɔhome tebea horow a ɛnyɛ kokoram) anaa oduruyɛfo foforo.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu kokoram na ebia wobɛfata sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa CT scan a wɔmfa nni dwuma pii anaa wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa.

Bere bɛn na metumi agyae sɔhwɛ yi a mɛyɛ?

Sɛ eyinom mu biara fa wo ho a, ebia wubetumi ahuru w’afe afe ahurututu mu kokoram nhwehwɛmu no so:

• Sɛ woadi mfe 81 anaa nea ɛboro saa a.
• Sɛ woanom sigaret mfe 15 anaa nea ɛboro saa a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu kokoram no so tew bere a bere kɔ so fi bere a etwa to a wonom sigaret no.
• Sɛ wuntumi nyɛ oprehyɛn wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛba ntɛm ho esiane akwahosan tebea bi nti, anaasɛ wompɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ saa a.

So ɛfata ankasa sɛ wonya ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu yi?

Yiw, koraa! Ɛdenam ahurututu mu kokoram a wobɛhwehwɛ mu so no, wubetumi ahu no ntɛm, bere a wobetumi asa no kɛse no. Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ nnipa bɛboro 50% a wɔyɛ wɔn nhwehwɛmu afe biara (ɛno bɛyɛ nnipa baanu biara mu biako) na wohu wɔn ahurututu mu kokoram ntɛm. Nanso, nnipa a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram no mu bɛyɛ 28% pɛ na wohu ankasa wɔ mfiase.

Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi asusuw sɛnea wobetumi agye obi nkwa denam nhwehwɛmu yi so no ho!

So nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi ahu ahurututu mu kokoram afi mogya mu?

Dabi, mprempren mogya mu nhwehwɛmu biara nni hɔ a ebetumi ahu ahurututu mu kokoram anaa ahu.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma bi a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae

Ahurututu mu kokoram yɛ ade a anibere wom a wohu. Nanso, ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu afe biara yɛ adwinnade a tumi wom a wɔde hu ntɛm ne ayaresa a etu mpɔn sen biara. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nkyerɛ sɛ ebia asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu kokoram ne sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi anaa. Ebetumi aboa ma woagye wo nkwa.

Kae sɛ, sɛ wonom sigaret a, ɛnka akyi dodo da sɛ wubegyae. Sigaretnom a wubegyae no ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu kokoram no so. Ɛfata sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom bere a woahu sɔhwɛ yi ara pɛ.

` Ahurututu mu kokoram, kokoram nhwehwɛmu, CT scan, sigaretnom, akwahosan, siw ano, LDCT, nhwehwɛmu, kokoram, ahurututu