So oduruyɛfo no ka kyerɛɛ wo sɛ yɛ biopsy? Momma yenhu eyi ho asɛm kɛkɛ!

Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi ka sɛ, "Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ biopsy" a, ebia wo ho dwiriw wo kakra, ɛnte saa? Nnipa pii susuw sɛ yare bi a emu yɛ den te sɛ kokoram nkutoo na wɔyɛ biopsy. Nanso nokwasɛm ne sɛ, ɛyɛ soronko koraa. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka biribiara ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu, te sɛ nea biopsy yɛ, nea enti a wɔyɛ, ne sɛnea wɔyɛ.

Dɛn ne biopsy? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Fa no sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa anaa ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wo nipadua mu. Ebetumi ayɛ akisikuru ketewaa bi, honam ani kɔla a ɛsakra, anaa akwaa bi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ho haw. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, biopsy yɛ adeyɛ a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ woyi ntini, nkwammoaa, anaa nsu ketewaa bi fi wo nipadua mu na woma oduruyɛfo titiriw (yare ho ɔbenfo) de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu. Eyi nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so ahu nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo nipadua mu ankasa ne sɛ ebia yare bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

Nnuruyɛfo yɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu de hu yare bi pɛpɛɛpɛ, hwɛ baabi a yare no atrɛw akodu, anaasɛ wɔyɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe.

So kokoram nkutoo na wɔyɛ biopsy? Daabi...

Sɛ yɛte asɛmfua "biopsy" a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ obiara dwen kokoram ho. Ɛyɛ nokware, biopsies ho hia yiye wɔ kokoram a wobehu mu. Nanso, ɛnyɛ biopsies nko na wɔde di dwuma de hu kokoram. Wobetumi nso aboa ma wɔahu nyarewa afoforo pii. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Ɔyare a ɛma obi ho hyehye no: Tebea horow te sɛ asaabo a ɛyɛ hyew (Nephritis) ne mmerɛbo mu ɔfe (Hepatitis).
• Nyarewa: Si ɔyare mmoawa bi te sɛ nsamanwaw so dua.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa: Nneɛma te sɛ dwensɔtwaa mu yare a enni sabea.
• Yare a ɛma akisikuru a ɛwɔ yafunu mu.
• Endometriosis yɛ yareɛ a ɛka mmea.

Hwɛ? Biopsy nyɛ biribi a wɔyɛ ma kokoram kɛkɛ.

Biopsy ahorow ahe na ɛwɔ hɔ?

Yiw, akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Egyina baabi a wopɛ sɛ wofa nhwɛsode no wɔ wo nipadua mu no so. Wobetumi ayɛ biopsies binom wɔ oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea, bere a afoforo nso hwehwɛ sɛ wotu kwan kɔ oprehyɛn dan mu. Momma yɛnhwɛ ahorow atitiriw no bi.

• Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode ade titiriw ne syringe fa wo nnompe mu ntini ketewaa bi. Eyi ho hia na ama wɔahu mogya mu kokoram, mogya mu nyarewa afoforo, ne tebea afoforo bi .
• Cone biopsy: Wɔsan frɛ no ``Conization``, eyi hwehwɛ sɛ woyi ntini ketewaa bi a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so fi ``Cervix`` no mu. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu awotwaa mu kokoram anaa nkwammoaa mu nsakrae a ebetumi ama obi anya kokoram (cervical dysplasia).
• Excisional anaa Incisional Biopsy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wotwa ketewaa bi na wogye ntini bi fi nipadua no mu. Wɔ ``Excisional biopsy`` mu no, woyi akuru anaa beae a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ no nyinaa fi hɔ. Wɔ ``Incisional biopsy`` mu no, wɔfa akuru no fã ketewaa bi anaa beae a ɛyɛ hu no.
• Liquid biopsy: Eyi yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ankasa. Etumi hu kokoram nkwammoaa anaa kokoram nkwammoaa DNA asinasin ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ mogya no mu.
• Needle biopsy: Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, wɔde needle fa nkwammoaa, nsu, anaa ntini bi. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkra sɛ wɔnyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛte sɛɛ sɛ wowɔ akisikuru bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa anaasɛ sɛ scan bi kyerɛ sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye a.
• Punch biopsy: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde adwinnade titiriw bi twitwa were ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa na woyi fi hɔ. Wɔde eyi di dwuma de hu nneɛma te sɛ honam ani kokoram.
• Sentinel node biopsy: Wɔyɛ saa biopsy yi de hwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa atrɛw afi mfitiase akisikuru no mu akɔ mmeae afoforo anaa.
• Shave biopsy: Wɔde adwinnade a ɛte sɛ ahama twitwiw nkwammoaa ketewaa bi a efi honam ani hwɛbea mu de hwɛ sɛ ebia honam ani kokoram anaa.

Dɛn na ɛba ansa na wɔayɛ biopsy?

Nnuruyɛfo nim sɛ ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu anaa ehu nka kakra ansa na wɔayɛ wɔn nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Ɛno nti na wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biopsy nhyehyɛe no mu akyerɛ wo, ne sɛ ebia wobɛda anaasɛ wobɛda aduru a wɔde kum wo mu. Wɔbɛbisa wo nsɛm kakra nso afa:

• Nnuru a wode di dwuma: Ɛsɛ sɛ woka nnuru a wonom nyinaa ho asɛm kyerɛ yɛn (wɔntɔn, a oduruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo, vitamin, nhabannuru a wɔde ma).
• Allergies a wowɔ: Ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ wo ho yɛ wo den, titiriw latex, efisɛ nnuruyɛfo taa de nsateaa di dwuma.
• W’akwahosan tebea mprempren: Sɛ tebea a ɛde biopsy no bae no da nkyɛn a, wobebisa wo nso sɛ wowɔ ayaresa tebea foforo bi anaasɛ woanya nyarewa foforo biara (e.g. atiridiinini, atiridiinini).
• So wubetumi anyinsɛn?

Oduruyɛfo no nso bɛbɔ wo amanneɛ wɔ nea edidi so yi ho:

• So ɛsɛ sɛ migyae adidi ne anonne ansa na wɔayɛ biopsy?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ migyae nnuru a ɛma mogya tew te sɛ aspirin nom kakra?
• So wuhia obi a ɔde wo bɛkɔ fie bere a wɔayɛ biopsy no awie no?
• So wuhia obi a ɔne wo bɛtra kakra kosi sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo?

Awiei koraa no, oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ aduru a wɔde kum wo yaw a wɔde di dwuma na amma woante ɛyaw biara no mu nso:

• Local anesthesia: Nipadua no fã ketewaa bi pɛ na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Regional anesthesia: Ɛma ɛyaw a ɛwɔ nipadua no fã kɛse bi no fi hɔ.
• General anesthesia: Wonhu hwee koraa na wonte ɛyaw nka.

Sɛ wɔyɛ biopsy a, dɛn na ɛba?

Biopsies ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ. Biopsy ko a wobɛyɛ no begyina baabi a ntini anaa nsu a wopɛ sɛ wosɔ no wɔ so. Biopsies a wɔtaa yɛ no bi ne:

• Nufu mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Prostate biopsy - Ɔkwan bi nso wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no MRI-guided prostate biopsy.
• Endometrial biopsy yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hwehwɛ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ awotwaa no mu fã (endometrium) no ho.
• mmerɛbo mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Koma mu nhwehwɛmu bere a wɔde koma foforo ahyɛ obi foforo mu akyi.
• Asaabo mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Honam ani nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu.

Wɔ nsɛm yi mu biara mu no, oduruyɛfo no fa nhwɛsode ketewaa bi fi beae a yɛreka ho asɛm no na ɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan mu.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔayɛ wɔn nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu awie no?

Egyina aduru a wɔde kum wo yare no ko a wɔde maa wo ne sɛ ebia na nsɛnnennen bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wɔde aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no wɔ mpɔtam hɔ no betumi akɔ fie bere a wɔayɛ wɔn nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu no awie no. Nanso, ebia ebehia sɛ nnipa a wɔde aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa tra ayaresabea hɔ da koro anaa nea ɛte saa.

So nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no yɛ yaw?

Sɛ wɔama wo aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no a, ɛyaw biara nni hɔ bere a wɔreyɛ biopsy no. Nanso, ebia wobɛte ɛyaw bi nka bere a wɔayɛ biopsy no awie no. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo . Ɔbɛma wo nnuru a wɔde sa ɛyaw.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu mu aba?

Nsɛnnennen a efi nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba no ntaa mma , nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aba. Saa nsɛnnennen yi betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina biopsy ko a wɔyɛ so.

• Mogya a ɛtɔ dodo.
• Nsaneɛ.
• Akuru: Sɛ oduruyɛfo no de adwinnade a ano yɛ nnam yi ntini a, ebia wobegyaw akuru ketewaa bi wɔ beae no.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara:

* Sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ fi baabi a wɔyɛɛ biopsy no annyae a.

* Sɛ beae no yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛyɛ yaw sɛ wobɛka, ɛho ahonhon, anaasɛ akisikuru a ɛretu (eyinom betumi ayɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho sɛnkyerɛnne).

* Sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini a.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔanya biopsy aba?

Sɛ wɔyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu wie a, ebia nea ebefi mu aba a wɔbɛtwɛn no ne ade a ɛyɛ den sen biara. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo ɔkwan a wobɛfa so anya nea ebefi mu aba ne bere a wubenya. Ebia biopsies binom begye nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi, nna kakraa bi, anaa bɛboro dapɛn biako mpo ansa na wɔanya nea efi mu ba. Sɛ nea efii mu bae no ansan amma bere a na wohwɛ kwan no a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa.

Na sɛ nea efii biopsy mu bae no kyerɛ sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye nso ɛ?

Sɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu aba kyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ, sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ nkwammoaa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsono sɛnea ɛte daa a, oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu akyerɛ wo. Ɔbɛkyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi, sɛ ebia ɛho hia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii anaa sɛ ebia wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛsa wo yare. Mma ɛnhaw wo, oduruyɛfo no asi ne bo sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

So nea efi biopsy mu ba no yɛ nokware bere nyinaa?

Nokwarem no, biopsy yɛ ɔkwan a edi mu yiye a wɔfa so hu nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ anaa nsakrae afoforo a ɛba nipadua no mu. Nanso, nhwehwɛmu nso ada no adi sɛ ɛtɔ da bi a ``atoro-asɛmmɔne'' aba betumi aba. ``False-negative'' result kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram anaa yare foforo, nanso biopsy no anhu. Saa ``false-negative'' dodow yi gu ahorow gyina kokoram anaa tebea no su so. Sɛ woreyɛ biopsy a, bisa wo duruyɛfoɔ no ``false-negative'' dodoɔ a ɛwɔ saa biopsy no ho.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Biopsy yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yi nkwammoaa, ntini, anaa nsu bi fi nipadua no mu ma oduruyɛfo titiriw bi hwehwɛ mu. Eyi betumi ayɛ nea ɛma obi ho dwiriw no kakra. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka bere a wuhu sɛ wuhia biopsy, bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no, ne titiriw bere a woretwɛn nea ebefi mu aba no. Wo duruyɛfo te eyinom nyinaa ase, enti nsuro sɛ wubebisa nsɛm biara a ebia wowɔ.

Sɛ woreyɛ biopsy a, kae sɛ ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ara kwa de hwɛ sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye anaa. Ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wowɔ kokoram anaa yare foforo a emu yɛ den.

Afei nso, sɛ biopsy no mu aba kyerɛ sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye mpo a, susuw ho sɛ ɛyɛ anammɔn a edi kan wɔ akwantu a ɛkɔ ahotɔ mu no mu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛboa wo ma woasisi gyinae a ɛho hia wɔ w’akwahosan ho na wɔabɔ wo amanneɛ yiye wɔ anammɔn biara a wobɛtu. Enti monkɔ so nyɛ den!

` Biopsy, ntini mu nhwehwɛmu, kokoram a wohu, nea wohu, aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu, oprehyɛn, akwahosan