So wowɔ akisikuru ho haw ahorow? Momma yɛnka HIDA Scan no ho asɛm!

So woate ɛyaw nka wɔ wo yafunu nifa so atifi pɛn? Anaasɛ oduruyɛfo bi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo akisikuru ho? Saa bere no, ebia na wɔaka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ `HIDA scan` (Hepatobiliary Immunodiacetic Acid Scan). Enti, ebia wobɛte ehu nka kakra bere a wote eyi, nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka saa `HIDA scan` yi ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wobɛtumi ate aseɛ so.

Dɛn ne HIDA scan?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, HIDA scan yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a ɛhwɛ sɛnea wo gallbladder reyɛ adwuma. Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde nnuru ketewaa bi a wɔfrɛ no radioactive tracer gu wo nipadua mu. Afei, wɔde mfoninitwa afiri titiriw bi di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea ɛnam wo nipadua mu. Wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ ayaresabea bi nuklea nnuruyɛ dwumadibea.

Sɛ yɛbɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu kakra a, saa `HIDA scan` yi hwɛ ɔkwan a bile fa so fi wo mmerɛbo mu kɔ wo dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mu. Yɛfrɛ saa bile kwan yi `biliary system`.

Susuw ho hwɛ, wo mmerɛbo na ɛma aduan mu nsu a wɔfrɛ no bile yi. Saa bile yi boa yɛn ma yɛyam srade a ɛwɔ aduan a yedi mu no. Afei, bile a wɔyɛ no fa nsukorade soronko (biliary ducts) mu na wɔkora so wɔ akisikuru no mu. Gallbladder yɛ kotoku ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ wo mmerɛbo ase, wɔ nifa so, bɛn wo mpampam a ɛwɔ fam no. Sɛ wudidi a, saa akisikuru yi twetwe (ɛpia) na ɛde bile a wɔakora so wɔ mu no fa ntini no mu kɔ wo dwensɔtwaa ketewaa no fã a edi kan (duodenum), na aboa ma srade no ayam.

So wote ase mprempren? Sɛ ɔhaw ketewaa bi wɔ baabi wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu a, wubetumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow. Ɛno ne bere a saa `HIDA scan` yi betumi aboa ma wɔahu nea ɛde ba. Wɔsan frɛ eyi `cholescintigraphy` ne `hepatobiliary scintigraphy`.

Nyarewa bɛn na wobetumi de HIDA scan ahu?

Nnuruyɛfo de saa `HIDA scan` yi di dwuma de hu na wɔhwɛ sɛnea tebea horow yi kodu:

• Acute cholecystitis: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛba mpofirim. Ebia wobɛte ɛyaw a emu yɛ den wɔ wo yafunu nifa so atifi na woanya sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridiinini. Mpɛn pii no (bɛyɛ 90%) efi abo a ɛwɔ akisikuru a esiw mogya ntini no ano.
• Cholecystitis a enni sabea: Eyi ne bere a wo gallbladder no ho yɛ hyew na ɛho ahonhon daa. Ɛyaw no mu nyɛ den pii sɛnea ɛte wɔ bere a emu yɛ den no mu, nanso ebia ɔhaw no bɛba na akɔ. Mpɛn pii no, abo a ɛwɔ akisikuru a esiw mogya ntini bi (cystic duct) kwan na ɛde eyi ba.
• Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: Eyi ne bere a Oddi sphincter, ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ ɔpon ma bile ne pancreatic nsu (enzymes) no mmue yiye. Eyi ma nsu a ɛwɔ aduan mu no san kɔ akyi. Eyi betumi de ɛyaw a emu yɛ den aba.
• Biliary atresia a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew:Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛba nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu. Ɛsiw bile a efi akokoaa no mmerɛbo mu kɔ dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mu no kwan. Eyi yɛ ade a anibere wom, nanso ɛntaa nsi, a ɛde jaundice ba mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu. Sɛ wɔansiesie eyi wɔ oprehyɛn mu wɔ asram abien kosi abiɛsa a edi kan wɔ nkwa nna mu a, ebetumi asɛe mmerɛbo.
• Biliary leak: Eyi ne bere a bile fi bile ducts no mu. Sɛ eyi ba a, ntini a atwa ho ahyia no betumi ahonhon, ayɛ no yaw, na mpo anya ɔyare mmoawa. Eyi taa ba bere a wɔayɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde yi akisikuru, apirakuru, anaa mmerɛbo foforo akyi.

Bere bɛn na wuhia HIDA scan?

Nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ HIDA scan mfa nhwɛ sɛ ebia ɔhaw ahorow bi wɔ mmerɛbo mu nkwammoaa, biliary system, ne gallbladder mu anaa. Oduruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ HIDA scan sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a:

• Yafunu mu yaw a emu yɛ den, titiriw wɔ nifa so: Eyi betumi afi akisikuru a ɛyɛ hyew mpofirim (cholecystitis) mu. Eyi ne ade a ɛtaa ma wɔyɛ HIDA scan.
• Ɛyaw anaa atiridiinini wɔ oprehyɛn ahorow bi akyi: Sɛ wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn a wɔde yi akisikuru, wɔayɛ wo yafunu atifi oprehyɛn, anaasɛ wɔde mmerɛbo foforo ama wo a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ HIDA scan sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini ne ɛyaw wɔ ɛno akyi a.
• Jaundice a emu yɛ den wɔ nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu: Eyi betumi afi tebea bi a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu a wɔfrɛ no `biliary atresia` mu.

Afei nso, sɛ wode biliary stent ahyɛ wo bile duct mu a, ebia wobɛyɛ HIDA scan ahwɛ sɛ ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye anaa. Biliary stent yɛ afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ tokuru a wɔde gu wo bile duct mu na sɛ wɔasiw a, ɛbɛkɔ so abue. Sɛ wɔayɛ wo mmerɛbo foforo a, ebia wɔbɛyɛ wo HIDA scan mpɛn pii de ahu sɛnea wo mmerɛbo no reyɛ adwuma wɔ oprehyɛn no akyi.

Hena na ɔyɛ HIDA scan no?

Aduruyɛ ho abenfo baasa na wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ HIDA scan a wɔyɛ mu. Wɔboa ma wɔhyehyɛ mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu, wɔde radiopharmaceuticals no ma, na wɔkyerɛ nea efi scan no mu ba no ase. Wɔne:

• Oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ `nuklea aduruyɛ` anaa `nuklea radiology` mu.
• Nuklea mfiridwuma ho ɔbenfo.
• Aduruyɛ mu abɔde mu nneɛma ho ɔbenfo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na HIDA scan no yɛ adwuma?

HIDA scan (hepatobiliary immunodiacetic acid scan) de nneɛma nketenkete a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a wɔfrɛ no radiopharmaceuticals anaa radiotracers na edi dwuma. Wɔtaa de eyi gu wo ntini mu.

Afei saa `radiotracer` yi fa wo mmerɛbo, gallbladder, ne dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mu. Saa `radiotracer` yi ma ahoɔden bi a wɔfrɛ no `gamma rays`. Mfoninitwa mfiri titiriw bi hu saa ahoɔden yi, na kɔmputa de yɛ sɛnea w’akwaa ne wo ntini ahorow reyɛ adwuma no ho mfonini a emu da hɔ.

Mɛyɛ dɛn asiesie me ho ama HIDA scan?

Wo nnuruyɛ kuw no bɛma wo akwankyerɛ pɔtee a ɛfa sɛnea wubesiesie wo ho ama HIDA scan no ho. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wubedi saa akwankyerɛ ahorow no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Akwankyerɛ a ɛfa ahosiesie ho a ɛkɔ akyiri ni:

• Sɛ woanyinsɛn, wususuw sɛ ebia woanyinsɛn, anaasɛ worenom nufu , ɛho hia sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ansa na woayɛ HIDA scan.
• Ka nnuru a wonom nyinaa ho asɛm kyerɛ w’aduruyɛfo kuw no, a vitamin ne nhabannuru a wɔde ma ka ho. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae nnuru bi a wobɛnom ansa na wɔayɛ scan no, efisɛ ebetumi aka nea ebefi scan no mu aba.
• Sɛ woba sɛ worebɛhwɛ scan , yi agude anaa nneɛma biara na gyaw wɔ fie, anaa yi ansa na woayɛ scan. Eyinom betumi asiw sɔhwɛ no kwan.
• Sɛ wowɔ suro wɔ mmeae a wɔatoto mu (`claustrophobia`) a, ka kyerɛ yɛn ansa na sɔhwɛ no afi ase. Eyi te saa efisɛ sɛ wubenya mfonini a eye sen biara a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no bɛn wo nipadua no kakra. Nanso, saa mfoninitwa afiri yi nte sɛ afiri a wɔato mu wɔ baabiara, nanso wɔabue wɔ afã abien no nyinaa. Wɔtaa de si wo yafunu atifi pɛɛ, na ɛnkata w’anim.
• Sɛ wopɛ HIDA scan , anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi mmuada nnɔnhwerew anan (aduan anaa anonne biara nni hɔ gye nsu nkutoo). Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wudi mmuada kyɛ sen saa a, wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo.
• Ebia nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo behia ayaresa titiriw nnansa kosi anum ansa na wɔayɛ scan. Adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ mmofra ayaresabea hɔ no betu wo fo wɔ eyi ho.

So ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wo da bere a wɔreyɛ HIDA scan no?

Wɔntaa mma wo nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no sɛ wɔmfa nyɛ HIDA scan. Nokwarem no, scan ahorow bi hwehwɛ sɛ wutu kɔ mmeae ahorow.

Nanso, sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛtra hɔ dinn bere a wɔreyɛ wo ba no scan, anaasɛ wɔreyɛ wo ba no scan a, ebia wɔbɛma wo anaa wo ba no aduru a ɛma obi dwo na aboa no ma ne bo adwo na wate nka sɛ wada. Nanso, ɛremma wo nna koraa, wobɛkɔ so ada.

Bere tenten ahe na HIDA scan gye?

Mpɛn pii no HIDA scan betumi agye nnɔnhwerew biako kosi anan . Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ san bra wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 akyi wɔ scan a edi kan no akyi na woanya mfonini afoforo.

Dɛn na wobɛhwɛ kwan bere a wɔreyɛ HIDA scan no?

Ebia nsakrae kakra bɛba ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ HIDA scan no mu, a egyina wo biliary system no fã a wɔrehwehwɛ mu so. Nanso mpɛn pii no, nea wubetumi ahwɛ kwan ni:

• Ɛho behia sɛ wuyi ntade a ɛkata wo yafunu so no. Ayaresabea no bɛma wo atade a wobɛhyɛ mmom.
• Ɛho behia sɛ wode w’anim da sɔhwɛ pon so.
• Ɔyarehwɛfo anaa mfiridwumayɛfo bi de afiri a wɔde fa ntini mu (IV) bɛhyɛ ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa anaa wo nsa mu mu, na ɔde radiotracer no ahyɛ mu.
• Mfiridwumayɛfo no de mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no bɛto wo yafunu so, abɛn wo nipadua.
• Sɛ wufi ase twa mfonini a, scanning camera no twa mfonini ahorow toatoa so. Mfoninitwa afiri no betumi adi akɔneaba atwa wo ho ahyia anaasɛ atra baabi biako.
• Sɛ woretwa mfonini a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wode mfoninitwa afiri no si baabi biako a wunhinhim. Ɛno ne bere a wubetumi anya mfonini ahorow a ɛyɛ papa sen biara.
• Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo nso sɛ sesa gyinabea wɔ mfoninitwa ntam. Mfiridwuma ho nimdefo no bɛka saa akyerɛ wo.
• Sɛ mfiridwuma ho nimdefo no twa mfonini ahorow bi wie a, ebia ɔbɛma wo aduru a ɛbɛma wo akisikuru no mu ada mpan. Eyi betumi ama wo yafunu atifi ayɛ wo yaw kakra. Bere a wo gallbladder mu da mpan no, wɔbɛtwa mfonini pii.
• Sɛ wɔtwa mfonini a ɛho hia nyinaa wie (eyi betumi agye bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew anan) a, wɔyɛ scan no wie.

So HIDA scan no yɛ yaw?

HIDA scan no nyɛ yaw saa. Sɛ wɔde radiotracer no fa IV so ma a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo hyew kakra bere a wɔde ade no ahyɛ ntini no mu no, ɛno ara ne no.

Nanso, sɛ woreyɛ HIDA scan de ahu ayaresa tebea bi a, ebia wobɛte ɛyaw esiane saa tebea no nti. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ cholecystitis ne sphincter of Oddi dysfunction betumi ama obi ate ɛyaw kɛse. Afei nso, ɛnsɛ sɛ wonom nnuru bi a wɔde kum ɛyaw ansa na woayɛ scan, efisɛ saa nnuru yi betumi aka wo biliary system no dwumadi na aka nhwehwɛmu no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wogyae opiate (te sɛ morphine ne codeine) nnɔnhwerew asia ansa na wɔayɛ HIDA scan.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ HIDA scan no akyi?

Ɛgyina nea enti a wɔyɛɛ HIDA scan no so no, ebia wobɛtumi akɔ fie, anaasɛ ɛbɛhia sɛ wosan kɔ ayaresabea dan mu.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wonom nsu pii nnɔnhwerew 24 a edi hɔ no wɔ scan no akyi. Eyi bɛboa `radiotracer` no ma afi wo nipadua mu ntɛmntɛm. Mpɛn pii no, `radiotracer` no bɛyi afiri wo nipadua mu wɔ da koro mu, denam nsuo anaa nsuo mu.

Hohoro tiafi no mu yiye bere a wode adi dwuma awie no, na fa samina hohoro wo nsa yiye. Mframa a ɛwɔ tracer no mu no sua koraa, enti asiane biara nni hɔ ma afoforo a wɔatwa wo ho ahyia wɔ scan no akyi.

Sɛ woyɛ ɛna a woma nufu a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati sɛ wobɛma nufusu a wɔde ma no mu nnɔnhwerew 24 wɔ scan no akyi. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ radiotracer no betumi de radioactivity aka wo nufusu ho, na ebetumi apira wo ba no. Enti, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛda nufusu foforo bi adi ansa na wɔayɛ scan no na wode asie, anaasɛ wobɛhwehwɛ ɔkwan foforo a wobɛfa so ama wo ba no aduan da a edi scan no akyi.

Asiane ne nsunsuanso bɔne bɛn na ɛwɔ HIDA scan no mu?

Asiane a ɛwɔ HIDA scan mu no sua koraa. Wɔne:

• Ebia baabi a wɔde radiotracer no guu mu no bɛpirapira kakra.
• Mframa a ɛbɔ no kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ. Mframa dodow a wunya bere a wɔreyɛ HIDA scan a wɔtaa yɛ no bɛyɛ sɛ nea onipa biara nya fi nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia mu wɔ afe biako mu no.
• Ebetumi aba sɛ obi benya radiotracers a wɔde di dwuma wɔ scan no mu no ho akisikuru. Nanso, eyi ho yɛ na koraa .

Ɛho hia paa sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ woanyinsɛn, wususuw sɛ ebia woanyinsɛn, anaasɛ worenom nufu a. Mpɛn pii no, wɔnyɛ nuklea aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ HIDA scan wɔ mmea a wɔyem so efisɛ ebetumi apira akokoaa a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no.

Nuklea nnuruyɛ ho mfonini a HIDA scan ka ho no ma wonya nsɛm soronko a nhwehwɛmu afoforo te sɛ ultrasound ntumi nyɛ. Enti, sɛ wunnyinsɛn a, mfaso a ɛwɔ HIDA scan so no boro asiane nketenkete a ɛwɔ mu no so koraa.

Bere tenten ahe na egye na woahu nea efi HIDA scan no mu ba?

Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ mframa so bɛhwɛ mfonini ahorow a efi HIDA scan no mu no, akyerɛw amanneɛbɔ, na waka nea afi mu aba no akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Afei wo duruyɛfo bɛka nea ebefi mu aba no akyerɛ wo. Eyi taa gye nea ennu nnɔnhwerew 24 .

Dɛn ne nea efi HIDA scan no mu ba?

Nsɛm a ɛwɔ wo HIDA scan aba amanneɛbɔ mu no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina nea enti a woyɛɛ scan no so. Mpɛn pii no, amanneɛbɔ no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea radiotracer no faa wo biliary system no mu.

Nnuruyɛfo na wohu nea etwa to denam nea efi HIDA scan ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba a wɔde ka bom no so.

Ebia nea ebefi HIDA scan mu aba no bi ne:

• Nea ɛtaa ba: Radiotracer no afi wo mmerɛbo mu akɔ wo gallbladder ne wo dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mu a biribiara nsiw wo kwan.
• Radiotracer a ɛkɔ brɛoo: Eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ wo bile ntini no asiw anaasɛ asiw kwan wɔ baabi, anaasɛ wo mmerɛbo no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Radiotracer biara nni hɔ a wonhu wɔ akisikuru mu: Eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ acute cholecystitis, a ɛyɛ akisikuru wɔ bile duct no mu.
• Gallbladder ejection fraction a ɛba fam wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so: Eyi gyina bile dodow a wo gallbladder betumi ayi afi mu (ejection fraction) bere a wɔde nnuru akanyan no akyi no so. Gallbladder ejection fraction a ɛyɛ 30% kosi 35% no yɛ ade a ɛfata. Sɛ dodow yi sua wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ obi anya cholecystitis a enni sabea.
• Radiotracer a wohu wɔ mmeae afoforo:Sɛ scan no kyerɛ sɛ radiotracer no wɔ wo biliary system no akyi a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ biliary no retu.

Kae sɛ, nea ebefi mu aba biara no, wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo, enti nsuro sɛ wubebisa wɔn nsɛm.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu

`HIDA scan` (Hepatobiliary Immunodiacetic Acid Scan) yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia a wɔde hu ɔhaw ahorow bi wɔ wo mmerɛbo, bile ntini, ne akisikuru mu. Ebetumi ayɛ den kakra sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wofa sɔhwɛ a ɛte saa mu. Nanso hu sɛ `HIDA scan` yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ yaw koraa. Wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo no nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm biara a ɛhaw wo. Mma ɛnhaw wo, nnuruyɛfo wɔ ha sɛ wɔrebɛboa wo.

` HIDA scan, akisikuru, mmerɛbo, bile, nneɛma a ɛma radioactive, nhwehwɛmu, yafunu mu yaw