Wunim sɛnea yɛhome yiye? Momma yɛnka wo home nhyehyɛe no ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu!

So woasusuw sɛnea yɛhome, sɛnea yegye mframa pa ne sɛnea yɛpam carbon dioxide ho pɛn? Eyi nyinaa ba esiane nhyehyɛe bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nti. Ɛno ne ɔhome nhyehyɛe, anaa `(Respiratory System)`. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nnɛ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so a wubetumi ate ase, ɛyɛ?

Enti dɛn ne ɔhome nhyehyɛe yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo home nhyehyɛe yɛ akwaa ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu a ɛboa wo ma wohome. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne w’ahurututu, hwene, w’ano, ne afã horow a ɛte sɛ nsukorade a ɛka bom a wɔfrɛ no mframa kwan . Ntini ne mogya ntini nso wɔ hɔ a ɛboa wo home nhyehyɛe, na wo mpampam, anaa wo mpampam , bɔ eyinom nyinaa ho ban. Saa afã horow yi nyinaa bom yɛ adwuma de gye mframa pa bere a worehome no na ɛma mframa bɔne fi mu bere a worehome no.

Dɛn ne ɔhome nhyehyɛe no dwumadi atitiriw?

Wo home nhyehyɛe no adwuma titiriw ne sɛ ɛde mframa pa bɛba wo nipadua mu nkwammoaa mu na ayi carbon dioxide , ade a wɔsɛe no no afi hɔ. Woyɛ eyi denam ahome a wohome na wufi mu, ne mframa a wode sesa mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu, a wɔfrɛ no alveoli , ne mogya ntini a ɛde kɔ no ntam no so. Nea ɛka ho no, wo home nhyehyɛe no yɛ nneɛma afoforo pii a ɛho hia:

• Mframa a wohome no yɛ hyew na ɛde nsu ka ho. Wo home nhyehyɛe no ma mframa no yɛ hyew ma ɛne wo nipadua mu hyew hyia. Ɛma ɛyɛ nwini nso ma ɛde ba nsu a wo nipadua hia no mu.
• Sɛ wohome a, wobɔ wo nipadua ho ban fi nneɛma a epira a ɛba mu no ho Ɔhome nhyehyɛe no afã horow bi betumi asiw mmoawa a epira ne nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw ano sɛ wɔrenkɔ mu – anaasɛ sɛ ɛkɔ mu a, apia wɔn afi mu.
• Ɛboa wo ma wokasa. Wɔyɛ nnyigyei bere a mframa wosow wo nne nhama no.
• Ɛboa wo ma wote hua. Sɛ wohome mframa a, nneɛma nketenkete a ɛwɔ mu no fa wo hua ntini no mu, na afei ɛde nkrasɛm kɔ w’amemene mu fa biribi hua ho.
• Ɛma wo nipadua mu acid kari pɛ. Sɛ carbon dioxide kɔ soro a, wo mogya no pH so tew, na ɛma ɛyɛ acid kɛse. Ɛdenam carbon dioxide a woyi fi hɔ so no, wo home nhyehyɛe no boa ma nipadua no acid ne base kari pɛ.

Dɛn ne ɔhome nhyehyɛe no afã horow?

Wo home nhyehyɛe no akwaa titiriw ne w'ahurututu . Nanso ɔhome nhyehyɛe no afã horow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛbom bom boa ma wohome. Saa afã horow yi ne:

• Hwene ne hwene mu ntini
• Ano ne ano a ɛwɔ anom
• Nsuo a ɛwɔ abura/nsuo mu `(nsuo mu nsuo)`
• Menewa mu (pharynx) .
• Larynx a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Mframa a wɔde bɔ mframa (trachea) .
• Mframa akwan titiriw `(bronchi)`
• Ahrawa
• Ntini a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu no

Dɛn ne ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ soro yi?

Wo ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ soro no ne nea ɛboa ma mframa ba wo nipadua mu na ɛde kɔ w’ahurututu mu. Ɛma mframa a wohome no nso yɛ nwini, wo mframa kwan no fi ase wɔ wo hwene ne w’ano, baabi a wohome mframa no. Wo ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ soro no afã afoforo ne wo hwene mu, wo hwene mu ntini, ne wo hwene mu.

Enti dɛn ne ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ fam no?

Wo home kwan a ɛwɔ fam no bi ne wo mframa afiri (trachea), wo ahurututu (mframa kwan), ne w’ahurututu. Wo mframa kwan, mframa kwan atitiriw, ne mframa kwan nketewa (bronchioles) na ɛyɛ tracheobronchial dua no . Saa nhama nhyehyɛe yi a ɛte sɛ dua a ɛdannan no de mframa fi ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ soro no mu kɔ mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu a wɔfrɛ no alveoli no mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wo home nhyehyɛe no yɛ adwuma? Ɛyɛ nwonwa!

Wo nipadua mu nkwammoaa hia oxygen na ama wɔanya ahoɔden. Sɛ wɔyɛ saa ahoɔden yi a, carbon dioxide fi adi sɛ ade a wɔsɛe no. Sɛ carbon dioxide yi boaboa ano boro so wɔ nipadua no mu a, epira nipadua no. Enti, adwuma titiriw a ɔhome nhyehyɛe no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛfa oxygen akɔ ahurututu no mu na ayi carbon dioxide afi mu (mframa a wɔde sesa) . Wɔyɛ saa adwuma yi de bom yɛ wo mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu – kyerɛ sɛ, wo koma, wo mogya, ne wo mogya ntini ahorow.

Fa no sɛ bere biara a wobɛhome no, mframa pa a ɛwɔ wim no te sɛ wimhyɛn mu akwantufo ɔpepem pii. Saa wimhyɛn ahorow yi du wimhyɛn gyinabea a wɔfrɛ no w’ahurututu no. Sɛ wo diaphragm no kɔ fam a, baabi a ɛwɔ wo koko mu no yɛ kɛse, na mframa (ne oxygen akwantufo nketewa yi) twe kɔ w’ahurututu mu. Saa mframa yi fa w’ano anaa w’anom, na ɛfa ahurututu, ahurututu, ne ahurututu mu, te sɛ wimhyɛn akwan a ɛwɔ wimhyɛn gyinabea. Afei saa akwantufo yi du wimhyɛn gyinabea no apon ano, wo alveoli.

Ɛhɔ no, oxygen akwantufo no fa ntini teateaa a atwa ahurututu no ho ahyia no mu kɔ mogya ntini nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no capillaries no mu. Fa no sɛ taksi a ɛrefa akwantufo a mframa pa wɔ wimhyɛn gyinabea hɔ. Awiei koraa no, taksi yi kɔ wo nkwammoaa ne wo ntini ahorow mu, na ɛde mframa pa gu fam ma ɛma wonya ahoɔden.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ayi carbon dioxide afi hɔ?

Sɛ nkwammoaa de ahoɔden di dwuma a, ɛyɛ carbon dioxide. Sɛ oxygen fi wo ntini mu ara pɛ a, carbon dioxide nketenkete no fa wo mogya mu kɔ saa mframa a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu a wɔfrɛ no alveoli no mu. Sɛ wo diaphragm no san kɔ soro, koko no mu abura no bubu, na wopia mframa no fi mu wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara a ɛbaa mu no so a, etu fi w’ahurututu mu. Hwɛ?

So biribi foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛka ahomegye ho?

Yiw, bere a worehome na worefi mu no, wo home nhyehyɛe no bɔ wo nipadua ho ban fi mframa a ɛyɛ kusuu ne nneɛma nketenkete a ebetumi apira wo ho. Bere a worehome no, wo ntini ahorow no boa ma mframa no hyew ne nsu a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ adwuma yiye.

Bere a mframa fa wo hwene mu na ɛsiane wo mframa kwan no, nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛte sɛ nhwi (cilia) kyere mfutuma, mmoawa, ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛhyɛ abufuw, na ɛmma wontumi nkɔ wo mframa kwan ne w’ahurututu mu. Sɛ nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw anaa mmoawa a ɛte saa no kɔ mu ampa a, wo home nhyehyɛe no kyere wɔn wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ mu. Afei, ntini a ɛwɔ wo mframa kwan mu no tu wɔ asorɔkye mu, na ɛpia saa nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ yi fi wo nipadua mu bere a wofe anaa wofefe no.

Nyarewa bɛn na ebetumi aka yɛn home nhyehyɛe?

Tebea horow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka akwaa ne ntini ahorow a ɛka bom yɛ wo home nhyehyɛe no. Eyinom bi fi nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw ne mmoawa a wohome mu – mmoawa, mmoawa, ne fungi a ɛde nyarewa ba. Ebi nso betumi afi nneɛma a asɛe anaa awosu mu ɔhaw ahorow mu aba.

Tebea horow a ebetumi aka ɔhome nhyehyɛe no bi ne:

• Allergic rhinitis: Nneɛma te sɛ dua mu nsu, afieboa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne mfutuma ho akisikuru betumi aka wo mframa kwan ne wo hwene kwan.
• Mframa kwan mu tebea horow a enni sabea: Eyinom bi ne nyarewa te sɛ ayamtu, ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea (COPD), ne cystic fibrosis.
• Ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ soro ne fam: Ɔhome mu nyarewa te sɛ atiridii anaa atiridiinini abu so.
• Ɔfe: Nyarewa betumi ama wo mframa kwan akɛse no ahonhon (bronchitis), w’ahurututu mu ahonhon (ahurututu mu yare), wo ntini a ɛho ahonhon (sinusitis), anaa wo home nhyehyɛe no afã afoforo ahohoro.
• Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Pulmonary Fibrosis ne ILD ahorow afoforo betumi ama w’ahurututu mu akuru atra hɔ daa.
• Nneɛma a Ɛsiw: Eyi betumi ayɛ biribi a efi akyi, akisikuru a ɛnyɛ hu, anaasɛ akisikuru a kokoram wom.
• Acid-base a ɛnkari pɛ: Sɛ wohome carbon dioxide pii anaa kakraa bi a, acid-base a ɛkari pɛ wɔ wo mogya mu no sesa, na ɛde ɔhome mu alkalosis ne ɔhome mu acidosis ba.
• Oxygen a ɛba fam anaasɛ carbon dioxide a ɛdɔɔso wɔ mogya anaa ntini ahorow mu: Ɛwom sɛ eyinom betumi ayɛ te sɛ mogya mu nyarewa de, nanso tebea horow te sɛ hypoxemia, hypoxia, ne hypercapnia betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ wo home nhyehyɛe no mu.

Dɛn ne ɔhome mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Tebea bi a ɛka ɔhome nhyehyɛe no betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ tiaa (Dyspnea) .
• Mucous anaasɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ dry
• Hwene a ɛretu anaasɛ hwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Koko mu yaw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den
• Ahomegye yɛ nnyigyei a wɔde bɔ abɛn bere a wɔrehome no.
• Honam ani, anofafa, anaa nsateaa nnadewa a ɛsakra bruu (Cyanosis) .

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na nnuruyɛfo de hu ɔhome mu nyarewa?

Nnuruyɛfo de nhwehwɛmu ne akwan horow di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea wo home nhyehyɛe no te. Ɛdenam wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so no, eyinom bi betumi ayɛ:

• Pulse oximetry: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, a wɔtaa yɛ. Ɛde afiri ketewaa bi a wɔde si wo nsateaa so susuw oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Ahurututu mu dwumadi ho sɔhwɛ: Sɔhwɛ a ɛhwɛ sɛnea ahurututu no yɛ adwuma.
• Koko so X-ray a wɔyɛ
• Mogya mu mframa a ɛwɔ ntini mu nhwehwɛmu
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ CT scan anaa bronchoscopy (sɔhwɛ a wɔde mfoninitwa afiri hyɛ mframa kwan no mu) nso.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔtaa de sa ɔhome mu nyarewa?

Ayaresa a wubenya no begyina ɔhome mu yare a wowɔ ne sɛnea emu yɛ den no so. Ebia ayaresa ahorow bi ne:

• Corticosteroids a wɔhome anaa bronchodilators: Sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a ɛma wo mframa kwan no yɛ teateaa te sɛ ayamtu anaa COPD a, ebia ebehia sɛ wode afiri a wɔde home di dwuma daa.
• Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, anaa nnuru a ekum fungal a wɔde sa ɔyare mmoawa.
• Nnuru a ekum histamine ( ma akisikuru) .
• Leukotriene a ɛsakra nneɛma
• Ahurututu mu ahosiesie
• Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ de hwehwɛ akisikuru anaa akwanside afoforo.
• Wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no , wobetumi de ahurututu ama obi foforo.

Dɛn na metumi ayɛ na ama me home nhyehyɛe no ayɛ yiye?

Yɛ saa nneɛma yi na ama wo home nhyehyɛe no anya apɔwmuden:

• Kwati sigaretnom anaa vaping. Sigaretnom betumi de ahurututu ne ɔhome mu nyarewa pii aba anaasɛ ama ayɛ kɛse. Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma a epira te sɛ sigaret wɔ vape nsu mu.
• Twe wo ho fi efĩ a ebetumi asɛe wo mframa kwan ho. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne nneɛma te sɛ wusiw a wɔde di dwuma, nnuru, ne radon (mframa a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a ebetumi ama obi anya kokoram). Sɛ w’adwuma anaa w’anigyede ma wusiw anaa mfutuma wuhyia a, hyɛ akataso.
• Nom nsu pii. Nsu pii a wobɛnom boa ma nsu a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛpam.
• Yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa.Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ hyɛ w’ahurututu mu ntini mu den, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛhome.
• Siw nyarewa ano. Wubetumi asiw yare ano denam wo nsa a wobɛhohoro mpɛn pii ne nnuru a wode bɛbɔ wo ho ban afi ɔhome mu nyarewa ho no so.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wofefe a ɛkɔ so daa anaasɛ ɛreyɛ kɛse, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, anaa sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woanya ɔhome mu yare a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Afei nso, kɔhwɛ wo daa. Sɛ wohu ɔhome mu haw ahorow ntɛm a, ebetumi aboa ma wɔasiw ano.

Nneɛma bɛn na ehia sɛ yɛkae?

Hom... Hom... Wo home betumi ama wo ho adwo wo na ama w’adwene akɔ so. Ebetumi aboa wo ma woate hua, aka ahwɛ, na woato dwom a w’ani gye ho paa. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, wo home nhyehyɛe no gye oxygen de ma wo nkwammoaa no yɛ hyew na ɛpam carbon dioxide. Sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ wo home nhyehyɛe mu a, ebia wobɛfefe, wobɛhome, anaasɛ wobɛhome a ɛyɛ den. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛhaw adwene yi bi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Wobetumi aboa wo ma woahome ntɛmntɛm.

` Ɔhome nhyehyɛe, ahome, ahurututu, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ɔhome mu nyarewa, ahome a ɛyɛ papa