Hɛlo! Wo ho te sɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka biribi a ɛho hia paa wɔ yɛn honam ani ho asɛm. Yɛn nyinaa wɔ honam ani hwɛbea. Saa honam ani hwɛbea yi ne akwaa a ɛsõ sen biara wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ankasa. So wunim sɛ saa honam ani fã atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ? Wɔfrɛ nea ɛwɔ soro sen biara, nea yehu na yɛte nka bere a yɛde yɛn nsa ka no no ‘epidermis’ . Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka yɛn honam ani ɔbran, epidermis ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne epidermis no? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Okay, enti di kan ma yɛnhwɛ nea saa epidermis yi yɛ. Wɔka sɛ wo honam ani wɔ ntoatoaso atitiriw abiɛsa. Wɔn ne epidermis (ɔsoro fã) , dermis (mfinimfini fã) , ne hypodermis (ase fã) . Eyinom mu no, epidermis ne nea ɛyɛ tratraa sen biara , nanso ɛno na ɛyɛ adwuma titiriw de bɔ yɛn ho ban fi wiase a ɛwɔ akyi no ho. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa? Wɔ saa ade a ɛyɛ tratraa yi mu no, nsensanee nketenkete afoforo anum wɔ hɔ!

Dɛn ne saa nsensanee nketenkete anum a ɛwɔ honam ani no?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nsensanee nketenkete anum a ɛwɔ honam ani no mu. Wɔahyehyɛ eyinom nnidiso nnidiso fi ase kosi soro:

1. Stratum basale (a wɔsan frɛ no stratum germinativum): .

• Eyi ne ade a emu dɔ sen biara, wɔ epidermis no ase pɛɛ . Ɛte sɛ ɔdan bi fapem.
• Wɔhyehyɛ honam ani nkwammoaa foforo wɔ saa ɔfa yi mu.
• Nkwammoaa a wɔde yɛ ntini a wɔfrɛ no ‘Keratinocytes’ ni . Eyinom na ɛma protein no yɛ ‘Keratin’ . Keratin ne nea ɛboa ma yɛn ti nhwi, yɛn nnadewa, ne yɛn honam ani akyi fã no yɛ kɛse, na ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a emu yɛ den ho.
• Afei nso, nkwammoaa bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘melanocytes’ wɔ saa ɔfa yi mu. Wɔn na wɔyɛ ‘melanin’ . Melanin ne aduru a ɛma yɛn honam ani kɔla yɛ.

2. Stratum spinosum a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu:

• Saa ɔfa yi wɔ stratum basale a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no ne stratum granulosum a edi hɔ no ntam.
• Keratinocyte nkwammoaa na ɛwom kɛse. Protein ahorow a ɛyɛ nnam a wɔfrɛ no desmosomes na ɛka nkwammoaa yi bom .
• Saa stratum spinosum layer yi ne nea ɛma wo honam ani yɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ den .

3. Nsuo a ɛwɔ nsuo mu `(Stratum granulosum)`: .

• Eyi wɔ stratum spinosum ne stratum lucidum ntam.
• Wɔ keratinocyte nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ ha no mu no , nnua nketenkete nketenkete bi wɔ hɔ . Wobetumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahu eyinom.

4. Stratum lucidum a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu:

• Eyi yɛ ade a ɛyɛ tratraa yiye a ɛda adi pefee a ɛda stratum granulosum ne stratum corneum ntam.
• Ɛha yi, keratinocyte nkwammoaa no hwere wɔn kurukuruwa nkakrankakra na ɛyɛ petee . Saa ɔfa yi da adi titiriw wɔ mmeae a honam ani yɛ den te sɛ yɛn nsateaa ne yɛn nan ase.

5. Stratum corneum a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu:

• Eyi ne honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro no. Woahu, eyi ne layer a woreka no.
• Ɛha yi, saa keratinocyte nkwammoaa no bɛyɛ ‘corneocytes’ . Corneocytes awu, nanso keratinocyte nkwammoaa a ano yɛ den yiye .
• Eyinom na ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nneɛma te sɛ nsensanee, owia hann, ɔhyew, ne ɔyare mmoawa ho.
• Afei nso, srade wɔ saa ɔfa yi mu. Wɔhwɛ sɛnea ɛnyɛ den sɛ nsu bɛkɔ yɛn nipadua mu na ayɛ nwini no so.
• Bere a keratinocytes foforo ba wɔ ɔfa a ɛwɔ fam no mu (stratum basale) no, saa corneocytes yi hwe ase nkakrankakra . Sɛnea nhaban dedaw hwe ase na foforo nyin no ara pɛ. Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so daa.

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so, epidermis te sɛ yɛn fie atifi. Sɛnea ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi owia ne osu ho no, saa ara na epidermis nso bɔ yɛn ho ban fi wiase a ɛwɔ akyi no ho.

So wunim nea asɛmfua "epidermis" kyerɛ?

Eyi nso ye sɛ wubehu. Asɛmfua "epidermis" no yɛ tete Hela nsɛmfua abien. 'epi' kyerɛ "atifi" anaa "abɔnten". 'derma' kyerɛ "honam ani". Enti sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, "epidermis" kyerɛ "anim" anaa "akyi honam ani" .

Enti nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda epidermis ne dermis ntam?

Ebia wobɛkae sɛ epidermis no ne nea ɛwɔ soro no. Dermis yɛ ɔfa a ɛwɔ ase, wɔ mfinimfini. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ sandwich. Sɛ epidermis no yɛ abodoo a wɔayam no atifi a, dermis no ne ade a ɛyɛ dɛ a wɔde ahyɛ mfinimfini no ma.

• Nea ɛyɛ den: Bere a epidermis yɛ honam ani fã a ɛyɛ tratraa sen biara no, dermis no ne honam ani fã a ɛyɛ den sen biara.
• Nea ɛwɔ mu: Protein ahorow a wɔfrɛ no ‘Collagen’ ne ‘Elastin’ wɔ dermis no mu . Eyinom ne nea ɛma honam ani hwɛbea no yɛ den na ɛma honam ani yɛ den yiye. Eyinom boa kɛse ma yɛn honam ani hwɛbea yɛ mmerante ne mmabaa a ɛnsɛe.
• Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom wo ntini a ɛka bom, ntini a ɛwɔ awiei, fifiri ntini, srade ntini, ne nhwi ntini nyinaa wɔ honam ani, na ɛno ase mpo, wɔ hypodermis no mu.

Dɛn na epidermis yɛ yɛn nipadua? Dɛn ne hia a ɛho hia?

Yɛn honam ani ntoatoaso nyinaa bom bɔ yɛn nnompe, akwaa, ntini, ne ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho ban. Epidermis nso wɔ adwuma titiriw bi:

• Nsuo: Epidermis (stratum corneum) a ɛwɔ soro no boa ma nsuo kɔ so tra hɔ , na ɛma wo honam ani nsuo na ɛyɛ den, na ɛmma ɛnyow .
• Honam ani nkwammoaa foforo a wɔhyehyɛ:Wɔyɛ honam ani nkwammoaa foforo wɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ ase (stratum basale) no mu. Bere a saa nkwammoaa yi nyin no, wɔde nkakrankakra kɔ soro wɔ ntoatoaso no mu. Bɛyɛ ɔsram biako akyi no , wodu soro no na wɔhwie gu. Bere koro no ara mu no, wɔkɔ so yɛ nkwammoaa foforo wɔ ase. Ɛte sɛ adwumayɛbea bi a ɛreyɛ ne ho foforo bere nyinaa .
• Ahobammɔ: Honam ani hwɛbea no yɛ adwuma te sɛ kyɛm . Ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi owia hann a epira ultraviolet (UV), ɔyare mmoawa (mmoawa, mmoawa, fungi, mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae, ne nea ɛkeka ho), ne nnuru a epira ho.
• Wora kɔla: Nkwammoaa bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘melanocytes’ wɔ epidermis no mu. Saa nkwammoaa yi yɛ aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘melanin’. Wo honam ani kɔla gyina melanin dodow a ɛwɔ mu so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na epidermis boa akwaa afoforo?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, epidermis ne honam ani fã afoforo no yɛ adwuma sɛ kyɛm a edi kan a ɛbɔ akwaa, nnompe, ntini, ne ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho ban fi asiane, opira, ne ɔyare mmoawa a efi wiase a ɛwɔ akyi no ho.

Ɛhe na epidermis no wɔ?

Ɛnsɛ sɛ eyi yɛ wo nwonwa, ɛnte saa? Epidermis yɛ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro a yehu na yɛte nka bere a yɛhwɛ obi anaa yɛde yɛn nsa ka no no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛyɛ kɔla a ɛwɔ honam ani no?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, abɔde mu kɔla a wɔfrɛ no melanin a melanocytes yɛ no na ɛkyerɛ yɛn honam ani kɔla. Saa melanocytes yi yɛ melanin ahorow atitiriw abien:

• Eumelanin: Melanin a ɛte sɛɛ titiriw na ɛma kɔla tuntum a ɛwɔ wo ti nhwi, wo honam ani, ne w’ani so . Sɛ obi honam ani yɛ bruu tuntum na ne ti nhwi yɛ tuntum a, ɛyɛ nea eumelanin pii wɔ no nti.
• Pheomelanin: Saa melanin yi na ɛma wo honam ani yɛ pink anaa kɔkɔɔ . Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛno na ɛma anofafa, nufu, ɔbea awotwaa, ne akyi berɛmo a ɛwɔ ɔbarima no akyi, na ɛno na ɛma nnipa binom ti nhwi yɛ kɔkɔɔ.

Obiara wɔ melanin ahorow abien yi wɔ ne honam ani a ɛsono sɛnea ɛte. Ɛyɛ nsusuwii a ɛkyerɛ onipa biara honam ani kɔla.

Epidermis no mu duru yɛ dɛn?

Ɛsono sɛnea epidermis no mu yɛ duru wɔ baabiara wɔ wo nipadua no so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, epidermis no yɛ den wɔ mmeae a wɔtaa de di dwuma, te sɛ wo nan ase ne wo nsa akyi , baabi a wuhyia nneɛma pii a ɛyɛ nwonwa no. Ne kɛse wɔ mmeae yi betumi ayɛ bɛyɛ milimita 1.5. Ɛno bɛyɛ sɛ credit card abien a wɔaboaboa ano wɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho so no kɛse .

Nanso wɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ w'aniwa anim no , honam ani hwɛbea no yɛ teateaa yiye . Ɛyɛ bɛyɛ milimita 0.05 pɛ. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛte sɛƐfa krataa a wɔde yɛ mfonini a wɔtaa de di dwuma no mu duru ho! Ɛyɛ nwonwa, ɛnte saa?

Nkwammoaa ahorow atitiriw bɛn na ɛwɔ honam ani?

Nkwammoaa ahorow pii wɔ honam ani hwɛbea no mu. Nkwammoaa ahorow abiɛsa titiriw ne:

1. Keratinocytes: Saa nkwammoaa yi ma protein keratin a ɛyɛ ade titiriw a ɛwɔ honam ani no. Keratinocytes ne nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso sen biara wɔ honam ani hwɛbea no mu.

2. Melanocytes: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, saa nkwammoaa yi yɛ melanin a ɛma wo honam ani kɔla kɔla .

3. Langerhans nkwammoaa: Saa nkwammoaa yi te sɛ wɔn a wɔwɛn honam ani no . Wɔboa ma nneɛma a wɔmpɛ, te sɛ mmoawa, ntumi nkɔ honam ani. Wɔyɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛtaa ka honam ani yare no?

Nyarewa ne tebea horow nso betumi aka yɛn honam ani hwɛbea. Ebi ne:

• Acne: Ɔhaw a ɛka nnipa pii, titiriw wɔ wɔn mmerantebere mu.
• Boils: Boils fi ɔyare mmoawa a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ yaw.
• Dandruff: Tebea a ɛma ti nhwi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no yiyi.
• Eczema: Tebea a ɛma honam ani yɛ kusuu, ɛyɛ yaw, na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ.
• Melanoma: Ɛyɛ honam ani kokoram bi. Eyi betumi ayɛ tebea a asiane wom a efi ase wɔ melanocyte nkwammoaa mu.

Dɛn ne ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ epidermis ho no ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo honam ani hwɛbea no ho a, wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Nsonsonoe tuntum foforo a ɛba honam ani, anaasɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ nsensanee a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no nsusuwii, kɔla, anaa ne kɛse mu.
• Wora no yɛ nwunu kɛse na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Wora a ɛrepaapae, ɛte sɛ nea honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro no refi hɔ.
• Wora a ɛrepaapae na ayɛ kurukuruwa.

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ eyinom a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ afotu.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛnea epidermis no akwahosan te?

Wo duruyɛfo bedi kan ayɛ wo honam ani nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ. Nea ɛka ho no, wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a edidi so yi nso:

• Wo honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew: Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi boa ma wohu sɛ ebia akisikuru bi na ɛde wo honam ani yare no ba anaa.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Wotumi hu akisikuru, nyarewa, ne ɔyare mmoawa bi denam mogya mu nhwehwɛmu so.
• Skin biopsy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ woyi honam ani fã ketewaa bi fi baabi a ɔhaw wɔ na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ nyarewa, ɔyare mmoawa, anaa kokoram bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ tebea bi te sɛ melanoma a, ebia wobɛyɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu afoforo nso de ahwɛ sɛ atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo anaa.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔtaa de sa nyarewa a ɛwɔ honam ani no?

Ɛsono ayaresa ahorow a egyina tebea a ɛka honam ani no so. Ayaresa a wɔtaa yɛ no bi ni:

• Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa: Wɔde eyinom ma sɛ nnuru a wɔnom anaa srade a wɔde sa tebea horow a mmoawa de ba te sɛ akisikuru, akisikuru, honam ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne akisikuru.
• Nnuru a ekum fungal: Wɔde eyinom ma sɛ cream, srade, gel, nnuru a wɔde petepete so, powder, anaasɛ sɛ nnuru a wɔnom de sa fungal honam ani yare.
• Corticosteroids: Eyinom boa ma ɔfe, kɔkɔɔ, ɛyaw, ne ntini a ɛsɛe wɔ honam ani no so tew. Wobetumi de ama sɛ nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnuru, nnuru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no, anaa nnuru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu.
• Retinoids (vitamin A a wonya fi mu): Nnuru yi a wɔde vitamin A na ɛyɛ no, ɛtew akisikuru so, ɛma ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no siw, na ɛboa ma honam ani yɛ foforo.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde saa ayaresa ahorow yi di dwuma bere nyinaa sɛnea nnuruyɛfo afotu kyerɛ.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den a yebetumi ayɛ na ama yɛn honam ani ayɛ den?

Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ wɔ fie na ama yɛn honam ani, kyerɛ sɛ, yɛn honam ani nyinaa anya apɔwmuden. Hwɛ eyinom:

• Yɛ honam ani hwɛbea ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo. Gye afotu fi oduruyɛfo anaa honam ani ho ɔbenfo hɔ na hwɛ wo honam ani sɛnea ɛfata.
• Sɛ woreguare anaa woreguare a , fa samina a ɛnyɛ den a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw di dwuma. Sɛ woreyow wo honam ani a, fa wo nsa bɔ so ma ɛnyow, sen sɛ wobɛpetepete so denneennen.
• Sɛ wo honam ani wow ara pɛ, bere a ɛda so ara wɔ nsu bi no, fa aduru pa a ɛma wo honam ani yɛ hyew anaa ngo gu so. Eyi bɛboa ma wo honam ani ayɛ nwini. Wubetumi asan de ahyɛ mu mprenu anaa mprɛnsa da biara, titiriw sɛ wo honam ani te nka a.
• Kwati sɛ wobɛguare wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew paa mu, nanso fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew di dwuma. Nsu a ɛyɛ hyew betumi ayi ne honam ani ngo a efi awosu mu no afi hɔ na ama ayow.
• Anyɛ yiye koraa no, nom nsu nkuruwa 8 da biara. Nsu yɛ wo honam ani adamfo paa. Ɛma wo honam ani nya nsu na ɛyɛ nwini fi wo mu.
• Di nnuan a nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa pii wom. Fa nnuaba (titiriw nnuaba), nhabannuru (nhabannuru a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum), nnuaba (almond, walnuts), ne mpataa a omega-3 srade acid pii wom (salmon, mackerel) ka w’aduan ho.
• Tew nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛsakra mpofirim wɔ ɔhyew ne ɔhyew mu no so.
• Twe wo ho fi nneɛma a wonim sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo hyew, nnuru a wonim sɛ epira wo honam ani (nneɛma a ɛhyɛ wo abufuw), ne nnuhuam ho.
• Fa nnuru a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho a anyɛ yiye koraa no SPF 30 anaa nea ɛboro saa di dwuma bere biara a wobɛkɔ owia mu. Sɛ ɛnyɛ te sɛ nea owia bɔ mpo a, UV mframa da so ara tumi fa mununkum no mu ba.
• Sɛ wo honam ani yɛ wo yaw anaasɛ ɛyɛ wo yaw a, ntetew anaa nsɛe. Saa a wobɛyɛ no betumi asɛe honam ani na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa no ayɛ kɛse.

Enti, dɛn ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyinom nyinaa mu?

Wiɛ, yɛaka epidermis ho asɛm pii. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, honam ani hwɛbea no ne yɛn nipadua no atifi, ade a edi kan a ɛbɔ yɛn honam ani hwɛbea ho ban. Ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi abɔnten so asiane ahorow ho, ɛma yɛn honam ani yɛ nwini, ɛma honam ani nkwammoaa foforo ba bere nyinaa, na ɛma yɛn honam ani kɔla yɛ fɛ.

Enti, ɛyɛ yɛn asɛyɛde sɛ yɛbɛma yɛn honam ani a ɛsom bo, kyerɛ sɛ, yɛn honam ani nyinaa, ayɛ apɔwmuden na ayɛ fɛ. Yebetumi ama yɛn honam ani ayɛ yiye na yɛanya anigye denam nneɛma nketenkete a yɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nsu pii a yɛbɛnom, nnuan a ahoɔden wom a yebedi, aduru a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban a owia bɔ ho bere a yɛrekɔ owia mu, ne yɛn honam ani a yɛbɛma ho atew no so. Fa ɔdɔ di wo honam ani yare!

` Epidermis, honam ani ntoatoaso, honam ani akwahosan, honam ani hwɛbea, keratin, melanin, honam ani nyarewa