So wɔayɛ wo hemoglobin mu nhwehwɛmu? Momma yɛnka Hemoglobin Electrophoresis sɔhwɛ no ho asɛm!

Hɛlo! Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ebia ɛbɛyɛ foforo kakra ama wo ho asɛm, nanso ɛho hia paa wɔ nyarewa bi a wobɛhunu mu. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no Hemoglobin Electrophoresis . Ebia wo duruyɛfo aka wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi, anaasɛ woate saa din yi wɔ baabi. Ɛwom sɛ edin no ware kakra de, nanso nsuro! Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Yɛbɛka ne nyinaa ho asɛm pefee wɔ asɛm yi mu nnɛ.

Dɛn ne Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hwehwɛ protein bi a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu no mu. Ebia wobɛkae sɛ hemoglobin yɛ protein a ɛho hia a ɛde mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu na ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ. Yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm na ɛhwɛ sɛnea hemoglobin yi yɛ yiye no so.

Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nsakrae bi, anaa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae, tumi ba awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛhwɛ hemoglobin so no mu. Sɛ eyi ba a, sɛ́ anka mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw bɛba no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a asɛe a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye no fi ase ba. Saa nkwammoaa a asɛe yi sɛe ntɛmntɛm, na ebetumi de tebea horow te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu , anaa nyarewa a emu yɛ den a efi mogya mu te sɛ sickle cell anemia ne thalassemias aba.

Enti, saa hemoglobin electrophoresis nhwehwɛmu yi ma nnuruyɛfo tumi hu sɛ ebia tebea horow a ɛtete saa wɔ hɔ anaa. Afei nso, sɔhwɛ yi yɛ nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi a wɔyɛ wɔ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo ho no mu biako. Ɛboa ma wohu nyarewa a wɔntaa nhu nanso ebetumi ayɛ hu te sɛ sickle cell anemia ntɛm.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda hemoglobin nhwehwɛmu ne hemoglobin electrophoresis ntam?

Ɛha nso na nnipa pii adwene tu fra. Hemoglobin nhwehwɛmu a ɛfata kyerɛ hemoglobin dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu. Ɛne sɛ, ɛhwɛ sɛ wo hemoglobin no sua, ɛdɔɔso, anaasɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛfata.

Nanso, hemoglobin electrophoresis nhwehwɛmu no yɛ biribi a emu dɔ sen saa koraa. Ɛhwehwɛ hemoglobin ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu, ne dodow a emu biara wɔ mu. So wote nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mu no ase? Obiako hwɛ dodow, ɔfoforo no hwɛ saa ahorow no ahorow ne dodow.

Enti, dɛn ne hemoglobin ahorow yi?

Nnuruyɛfo taa de wɔn adwene si hemoglobin ahorow atitiriw anan so wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu. Momma yensua wɔn ho ade kakra.

• Hemoglobin A1 ne A2 (HgbA1 ne HgbA2): Saa hemoglobin a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin A1 yi ne nea ɛdɔɔso sen biara wɔ ɔpanyin a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu. Hemoglobin A2 yɛ ketewaa bi, na ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 2% kosi 3% wɔ hemoglobin nyinaa mu. Wɔsan frɛ eyinom "mpanyimfo hemoglobins."

• Hemoglobin F (HgbF): Wɔfrɛ eyi "Fetal Hemoglobin".Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, saa HgbF yi wɔ awotwaa, mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo, ne mmofra a wɔadi bɛyɛ mfe 3 mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu. Nanso, ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛnteɛ sɛ obi benya HgbF dodow a ɛboro nea ɛfata koraa wɔ ɔpanyin mogya mu.

• Hemoglobin S (HgbS): Saa hemoglobin yi yɛ ade titiriw a ɛma mogya tu wɔ sickle cell mogya mu . Sickle cell anemia yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ɛka sickle cell nyarewa kuw no ho . Saa tebea yi abu so titiriw wɔ nnipa a wofi Afrika mu . HgbS ma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ sesa yɛ sickle, na ebetumi asiw mogya ntini ahorow ano.

• Hemoglobin C (HgbC): Saa hemoglobin yi ne tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hemolytic anemia wɔ abusuabɔ . Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ sɛe ntɛmntɛm sen nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ anaasɛ wɔn nkwa nna yɛ tiaa. Te sɛ sickle cell anemia no, saa HgbC tebea yi nso abu so kɛse wɔ nnipa a wofi Afrika mu .

Afei ɛda adi pefee ma wo sɛ hemoglobin ahorow pii wɔ hɔ, na emu biara wɔ dwumadi ne nkɛntɛnso pɔtee bi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi? Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔfa mogya no?

Sɛ yɛbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi a, mogya nkutoo na yehia. Nnuruyɛfo, akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa so agye mogya yi. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

1. Mogya a wɔtwe fi ntini mu

Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so gye mogya fi mpanyimfo ne mmofra a wɔanyinyin hɔ. Ebia woama mogya saa kwan yi so.

• Nea edi kan no, ɔyarehwɛfo anaa oduruyɛfo bi de nsa bɛhohoro baabi a wo ntini no wɔ wo basa so no.
• Afei, wɔde tourniquet gu wo basa so na wɔkyekyere no denneennen, na wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ pia wo nsa. Eyi bɛma ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobehu ntini no na ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛtwe mogya no.
• Afei, ɔyarehwɛfo no de ade bi hyɛ ntini no mu. Saa bere yi de, ebia wobɛte yaw kakra, te sɛ nea ntɛtea aka wo. Nanso ɛkyɛ sikɔne kakraa bi pɛ.
• Boaboa mogya dodow a ɛho hia ano wɔ toa ketewa bi mu na fa kɔ aduruyɛdan mu ma wɔnyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Sɛ wɔtwe mogya no wie a, wɔde plaster ketewaa bi gu baabi a wɔde ade no guu no. Ebia beae no bɛpirapira kakra na ebetumi ayɛ bruu mpo nna kakraa bi. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata, mma ɛnhaw wo.

2. Nsateaa a wɔde hyɛ mu

Wɔtaa de saa kwan yi di dwuma de gye mogya fi mmofra nkumaa hɔ.

• Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde adwinnade ketewaa bi bɛbɔ abofra no nsateaa ano na wɔafa mogya kakraa bi.
• Wɔde mogya no gu sɔhwɛ krataa a wɔayɛ no titiriw so anaasɛ wɔde gu toa ketewa bi mu.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, mfiri bi wɔ hɔ a etumi boaboa mogya ano de si hɔ bere koro mu. Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ ntɛm na ɛnyɛ den yiye.

3. Heel dua

Wɔyɛ eyi sɛ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo akwahosan ho nhwehwɛmu no fã. Wɔtaa yɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ nnɔnhwerew 48 akyi wɔ akokoaa no awo akyi.

• Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde ade ketewaa bi hyɛ akokoaa no nan ase na wonya mogya kakraa bi.
• Saa bere yi de, ɛna no anaa agya no betumi akura akokoaa no. Afei akokoaa no nso bɛte awerɛkyekye nka.
• Wɔboaboa mogya no ano na wɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan mu bere a wɔde apete krataa bi so awie no.
• Wɔde nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi hwehwɛ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu hwɛ sɛ ebia tebea horow a wɔntaa nhu nanso wobetumi asa te sɛ sickle cell anemia, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔwɔ hemoglobin ahorow a ɛnteɛ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛhwehwɛ mogya yi mu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu?

Okay, seesei yɛafa mogya no. Dɛn na ɛba akyi? Wɔ aduruyɛdan mu no, wɔtetew saa hemoglobin ahorow yi mu na wohu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ anigye yiye so. Ɛno na wɔfrɛ no anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma . Ɛsono anyinam ahoɔden a ɛwɔ hemoglobin ahorow atitiriw no mu.

Sɛnea sɔhwɛ yi taa yɛ adwuma ni:

• Nea edi kan no, woyi mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no fi mogya a wɔde yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu na wɔtetew mu. Wɔde mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔapete yi gu ade titiriw bi te sɛ cellulose aduru so .
• Afei, wɔde ahama a nhwɛsode no wom no gu afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no electrophoresis chamber mu . Saa afiri yi de anyinam ahoɔden fa nhwɛsode no mu.
• Wɔ anyinam ahoɔden no ho mmuaema mu no, hemoglobin ahorow a ɛsono anyinam ahoɔden no tetew wɔn ho wɔn ho na wɔde ahoɔhare ahorow fa strip no so.
• Awiei koraa no, saa hemoglobin ahorow a wɔatew wɔn ho yi da adi sɛ kɔla ahorow a ɛsono emu biara wɔ ahama no so.
• Afei, nnuruyɛfo de nea efi nhwehwɛmu yi mu ba no toto nea efi hemoglobin a ɛfata a efi obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mu ba no ho.
• Sɛ hemoglobin pɔtee bi dodow kɔ soro anaasɛ ɛba fam koraa sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, ebetumi ayɛ mogya mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wo hemoglobin S (HgbS) type no hwɛbea yɛ soronko wɔ HgbS a obi a ɔte ase wɔ ho a, ebetumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ sickle cell anemia.

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so, te sɛ nea sɛ wotow abotan a ɛsono emu duru gu nsu asuten mu a, ɛsono abotan no tu kwan a egyina ne mu duru so no. Ɛha yi, anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma te sɛ saa "nsu asuten" no.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda isoelectric focusing (IEF) ne electrophoresis ntam?

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) yɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so hu hemoglobin ahorow a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so. IEF ne electrophoresis nyinaa de anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma de tetew hemoglobin ahorow mu. Nanso, mfiridwuma mu nsonsonoe bi wɔ akwan abien no ntam. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi de akwan abien no nyinaa adi dwuma de ahu hemoglobin ahorow no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na amanneɛbɔ no aba?

Ebia sɔhwɛ no betumi agye bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew biako ansa na wɔawie wɔ aduruyɛdan no mu. Nanso, ebia ebegye nna kakraa bi ansa na wo duruyɛfo no nsa aka nea afi mu aba no, ahwɛ mu, na wakyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo. Enti nhwɛ kwan sɛ amanneɛbɔ no bɛba ntɛm ara wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛ wo da a ɛsɛ sɛ woba bɛgye amanneɛbɔ no.

Dɛn na m’amanneɛbɔ no kyerɛ? Mete ase dɛn?

Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Wo hemoglobin electrophoresis amanneɛbɔ no bɛkyerɛw dodow bi a ɛwɔ hemoglobin ahorow biara mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wo hemoglobin F (HgbF) dodow dɔɔso sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, ebetumi ayɛ thalassemia bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wokae eyi yiye:

Mfa dodow a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu nnsi yare biara ho gyinae. Ɛno yɛ nea wɔahu no fã biako pɛ. Onipa a oye sen biara a ɔbɛte nea ɛwɔ w’amanneɛbɔ no mu ne sɛnea ɛka w’akwahosan ase ankasa ne wo duruyɛfo . Obesusuw biribiara ho fi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, nhwehwɛmu afoforo a efii mu bae, ne w’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm so na ama wahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Sɛ nneɛma bi a ɛnteɛ wɔ m’amanneɛbɔ no mu a, ɛsɛ sɛ mefrɛ oduruyɛfo no?

Yiw, koraa. Sɛ woyɛɛ saa hemoglobin electrophoresis nhwehwɛmu yi esiane sɛnkyerɛnne biara nti (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔbrɛ a ɛtaa ba, ɛyɛ fitaa, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa) a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara na wo ne nea efii amanneɛbɔ no mu bae no ho nkɔmmɔ.

Hemoglobin electrophoresis nhwehwɛmu ma yehu hemoglobin ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu saa bere no. Hemoglobin dodow yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hwɛ protein a ɛho hia yi wɔ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu. Nsakrae a ɛnteɛ a ɛba wɔ hemoglobin pɔtee bi dodow mu no betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi.

Sɛ wo anaa wo ba nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ sɛ ɔyare a emu yɛ den bi wɔ hɔ a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛma ayɛ basaa na woabɔ hu denam mfonini no a wobɛhwɛ ara kwa so. Titiriw sɛ ɛfa wo ba kumaa anaa wo ba foforo akwahosan ho a, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ woayɛ basaa. Nanso bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛhwɛ mfonini kɛse no mmom sen sɛ wobɛbɔ hu. Onipa a oye sen biara a ɔbɛboa wo wɔ ɛno mu ne wo duruyɛfo. Obetumi akyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea saa "mfonini" yi hyia w'akwahosan nyinaa ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Mewɔ anidaso sɛ afei de moanya ntease pa wɔ hemoglobin electrophoresis sɔhwɛ a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no ho. Nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem ni:

• Hemoglobin electrophoresis yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a ɛma wohu hemoglobin ahorow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu ne ne dodow.
• Eyi boa ma wohu nyarewa a efi mogya mu te sɛ sickle cell anemia ne thalassemia .
• Akokoaa a wɔawo no foforo deWɔyɛ eyi nso sɛ akwahosan ho nhwehwɛmu fã.
• Wɔnam mogya a wɔfa na wɔde anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma so na ɛtetew hemoglobin ahorow mu .
• Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ansa na woabɔ mmɔden sɛ w’ankasa wobɛte nea afi amanneɛbɔ no mu aba no ase.
• Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, mma wo ho nnpopo na di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi. Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛno ne ade a edi kan a ɛbɛma wɔatumi ayɛ ayaresa.

Yɛwɔ anidaso sɛ wubehu sɛ mfaso wɔ saa nsɛm yi so. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Hemoglobin Electrophoresis, Hemoglobin, Mogya mu Nkwammoaa Kɔkɔɔ, Mogya a Wɔyare, Sickle Cell Mogya, Thalassemia