Dɛn ne mogya? (Mogya) Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri!

So wunim sɛ mogya yɛ ade a ɛsom bo paa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu, te sɛ nkwa asubura, ɛsen bere nyinaa na ɛboa biribiara a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu ma ɛyɛ adwuma yiye? Ɛwom sɛ mogya mu dodow no ara yɛ nsu de, nanso ɛyɛ den sen nsu efisɛ nkwammoaa ne protein wom. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mogya yɛ adwuma kɛse de ma yɛn nipadua nya apɔwmuden.

Dɛn na ɛto mogya ankasa?

Mogya a ɛsen fa wo ntini mu no yɛ adwuma bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa ankasa. Susuw sɛnea nneɛma nketenkete yi betumi ayɛ pii no ho hwɛ.

• Mogya de mframa pa ne aduannuru kɔ wo nipadua nyinaa mu .
• Sɛ woapira wɔ baabi na mogya retu wo a, ɛboa ma wotumi di mogya no so denam mogya a ɛtwetwe no so .
• Wo nipadua ko denneennen sɛ ɛbɛbɔ ne ho ban afi mmoawa ne mmoawa ho.
• Mogya nso boa ma woyi nneɛma fĩ a wɔmpɛ a ɛboaboa ano wɔ nipadua no mu no fi hɔ.
• Mogya nso ho hia na ama wo nipadua mu hyew ayɛ yiye .

Dɛn ne mogya mu nneɛma?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mogya no afã atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ hɔ. Afã horow yi mu biara wɔ dwuma pɔtee bi.

1. Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ

2. Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa

3. Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu

4. Plasma a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu

Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ne plasma na ɛka bom yɛ wo mogya no fã kɛse no ara. Sɛ wɔka bom a, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no nnu wo mogya mu 1%. Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ saa mmienu yi afrafra no ‘buffy coat’.

Dɛn ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ (Erythrocytes)?

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi, anaa sɛnea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no, ``Erythrocytes.`` Wo mogya dodow no ara, bɛyɛ 45%, yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi.

• Saa nkwammoaa yi nya wɔn kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛda nsow no fi protein bi a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin mu. Saa hemoglobin yi boa nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ma wɔde mframa pa kɔ nkwammoaa afoforo mu ma wonya ahoɔden.
• Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ saa nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi tumi awia wɔn ho fa wo mogya a ɛkɔ wo mogya mu no ntini nketenkete, ntini, ne ntini a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye no mu mpo.
• Nanso saa nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi nkwa nna tiaa. Wɔtra ase bɛyɛ nnafua 120 na nkwammoaa foforo si wɔn ananmu.

Dɛn na ɛto mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (leukocytes)?

Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, anaa `(Leukocytes),` na ennu wo mogya mu 1%. Nanso wɔn na wɔyɛ wo `(Immune system) no asraafo titiriw.` Sɛ ɔtamfo te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa kokoram nkwammoaa tow hyɛ nipadua no so a, saa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi na wɔde ahopere hwehwɛ wɔn na wɔsɛe wɔn. Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa nso tumi fi ntini nketenkete mu kɔ ntini ahorow mu. Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi ahorow anum na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Neutrophils: Eyinom kunkum mmoawa ne fungi, na eyi nneɛma a wɔsɛe no nso fi wiase a ɛwɔ akyi no.
• Lymphocytes: Eyinom bi ne T-nkwaboaa, abɔde mu nkwammoaa a ekum nnipa, ne B-nkwaboaa. Wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban fi ɔyare mmoawa ho na wɔyɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔde ko tia nyarewa.
• Basophils: Eyinom yɛ wɔn ade wɔ nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ho.
• Eosinophils: Hwehwɛ na sɛe mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae ne kokoram nkwammoaa, na boa basophils ma wɔn ho yɛ wɔn hyew.
• Monocytes: Hwehwɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, fungi, ne protozoa na wɔsɛe wɔn. Woyi nkwammoaa a asɛe nso fi hɔ.

Dwuma a mogya nkwammoaa (Thrombocytes) di .

Sɛ wo mogya ntini biako sɛe na wufi ase tu mogya a, ade a edi kan a ɛbɛboa wo ne mogya nkwammoaa (thrombocytes) yi. Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no yɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe, na esiw mogya ntini a asɛe no ano na ɛmma mogya pii ntu mfi nipadua no mu.

• Eyinom nnu wo mogya no mu nkyem 1% , nanso mogya nkwammoaa mpempem pii na ɛwɔ wo mogya a ɛtɔ gu fam biako mu.
• Wonya wɔn din "platelets" esiane ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma wɔ mogya no mu nti. Ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu ne mogya no fã a emu yɛ hare sen biara. Wɔayɛ wɔn sɛ mprɛte, na ɛbata mogya ntini afasu ho, baabi a plasma ne mogya mu nkwammoaa afoforo sen no.
• Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa wɔ protein ahorow a ɛyɛ nnam a ɛkata so a, te sɛ Velcro® no, ɛboa ma ɛbata mogya ntini a abubu ho.

Dɛn ne Plasma?

Wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ nyinaa rehuruhuruw wɔ mogya mu. Plasma yɛ nsuo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ wo mogya bɛyɛ 55%. Plasma te sɛ nea ɛyɛ adwuma pii wɔ wo mogya mu, na ɛboa wo nipadua ma ɛyɛ nneɛma pii. Nneɛma bi a plasma yɛ ni:

• Ɛboa ma mogya tu na ɛbɔ ho ban fi ntuafo ho.
• Hormone ahorow de aduannuru ne protein kɔ nipadua no afã horow na ɛboa ma oxygen ne carbon dioxide sesa.
• Ɛyi nwura fi nkwammoaa mu na ɛde kɔ wo mmerɛbo, w’ahurututu, ne w’asaabo mu ma wɔtow gu.
• Ɛma wo mogya mmoroso ne mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu kɔ so yɛ adwuma.
• Ɛma nipadua no hyew yɛ adwuma yiye denam ɔhyew a ɛtwetwe na ɛma ɛba no so.

Dɛn ne mogya ahorow?

Yɛn nyinaa nni mogya koro, ɛnte saa? Mogya ahorow atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ hɔ. Ɛsono saa ahorow yi a egyina sɛ ebia antigen ahorow bi wɔ mogya no mu anaasɛ enni hɔ so. Antigens yɛ nneɛma a ɛkanyan wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma ɛyɛ ho biribi. Wo mogya a wubehu no ho hia yiye wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu.

Ɛhe na wɔyɛ mogya? Ɛhe na ɛwɔ nipadua no mu?

Mogya yɛ biribi a ɛsen fa wo nipadua nyinaa mu. Nanso mogya yi fi ase hyehyɛ wo nnompe mu.Nkwammoaa soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no stem cells wɔ nnompe mu ntini no mu. Saa ntini mu nkwammoaa yi ma nkwammoaa ɔpepepem pii ba, a mogya mu nkwammoaa ka ho. Mogya mu nkwammoaa nyin na enyin wɔ nnompe mu ansa na wɔaboaboa ano wɔ mogya ntini no mu. So ɛno nyɛ nwonwa? Mogya yɛ wo nipadua mu duru bɛyɛ 8% .

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛtaa ka mogya no?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, yɛn mogya nso tumi nya nyarewa ahorow. Nyarewa akuw atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛka mogya no: mogya mu kokoram, nyarewa a ɛka mogya no dwumadi (mogya mu yare), ne atherosclerosis, yare bi a ɛwɔ koma ne ntini mu. Eyinom mu no, mogya mu kokoram ne mogya mu yare na ɛka mogya no akwahosan kɛse.

Mogya mu Kokoram

Mogya mu kokoram ba bere a biribi siw ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya nkwammoaa wɔ wo nipadua mu no kwan no. Wɔ obi a ɔwɔ mogya mu kokoram mu no, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ nyin na ɛhyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ a ɛte apɔw mu. Mogya mu kokoram ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Leukemia: Eyi ne mogya mu kokoram a abu so sen biara.
• Lymphoma: Eyi yɛ kokoram a ɛwɔ wo ntini mu. Wo nnompe mu ntini a ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa no nso ka ntini a ɛma mogya tu no ho.
• Myeloma: Eyi fi ase wɔ nnompe mu ntini mu na ɛka wo plasma nkwammoaa.

Mogya mu nyarewa afoforo

Eyinom yɛ tebea horow a ɛnyɛ kokoram, nanso ebetumi ama wo mogya no afã horow anyɛ wɔn nnwuma yiye. Eyinom bi ne mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, mogya a ɛtwetwe, ne mogyatɔw a ɛma mogya tu.

Ebia mogya mu nyarewa bi renda sɛnkyerɛnne biara adi na ebia ɛho renhia sɛ wɔsa yare. Afoforo nso yɛ nkwa nna nyinaa mu nyarewa ``a enni sabea'' a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔsa, nanso mpɛn pii no ennya nkwa nna so nkɛntɛnso. Nanso, mogya mu nyarewa bi yɛ nea emu yɛ den yiye na ebetumi de obi nkwa ato asiane mu.

Nnuruyɛfo sa mogya mu nyarewa yi denam sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wodi so na wɔsa nea ɛde ba no so.

Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu

Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ne mogya mu yare a ɛnyɛ kokoram a abu so sen biara. Ɛba bere a wo nipadua nni mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw a ɛdɔɔso no. Ebia nnipa binom nya mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ wɔn abusua mu, nanso ebetumi nso anya wɔ wɔn nkwa nna mu. Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu no gu ahorow pii. Nea wɔtaa yɛ no bi ne:

• mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a dade a enni nipadua mu
• Mogya a ɛtɔ mogya a ɛsɛe ade
• Sickle cell mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu

Mogya a Ɛma Nnipa Nyinaa Ho Nyarewa

Mogya a ɛtwetwe mogya no ka wo mogya nkwammoaa anaa wo mogya a ɛtwetwe no. Nneɛma a ɛma mogya tu no yɛ protein ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a ɛboa ma mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no tumi ma mogya tu. Wubetumi anya mogya a ɛma mogya tu no akyiri yi, anaasɛ wubetumi anya bi denam awosu mu sintɔ bi so.

Prothrombin awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae ne Factor V Leiden syndrome yɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe mogya a wonya fi awo mu ho nhwɛso. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) ne disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) yɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe mogya a ɛba akyiri yi ho nhwɛso.

Mogya a Ɛtu Ho Nsɛnnennen

Mogya a ɛtɔ ho haw ahorow ba bere a wo mogya ntumi nkɔ sɛnea ɛsɛ no. Eyi betumi ama mogya atu wo asen sɛnea ɛte daa. Von Willebrand yare ne mogyatɔw a abu so sen biara wɔ United States. Hemophilia yɛ tebea foforo a wɔntaa nhu, a wonya fi awo mu.

Wo mogya yɛ ade a ɛsom bo paa. Ɛhwɛ wo nipadua so bere nyinaa, na ɛboa ma biribiara yɛ adwuma yiye.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a yebetumi asua afi eyinom nyinaa mu (Take-Home Message) .

Wo mogya yɛ nwonwa ankasa, ɛnte saa? Ɛde oxygen kɔ wo nkwammoaa mu ma ɛyɛ ahoɔden. Ɛbɔ wo nipadua ho ban fi atamfo a wofi abɔnten ho. Ɛhwɛ mogya a ɛbɛtɔ wo so sɛ wupira a. Wubetumi ahwɛ wo mogya so, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a wuntumi nkwati nyarewa a ɛka mogya no. Nea eye ne sɛ, nnuruyɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ nnɛ tumi sa mogya mu nyarewa a emu yɛ den pii, a mogya mu kokoram ne mogya mu nyarewa afoforo ka ho. Enti, sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ wo mogya mu anaa sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛyɛ soronko a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara. Sɛ yɛbɛkɔ so anya apɔwmuden a, ɛho hia sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ wɔ saa nsu nwonwaso yi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho.

` Mogya, mogya, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, mogya nkwammoaa, mogya mu nkwammoaa, mogya mu nyarewa