Dɛn ne Immunostaining? Momma yɛnka sɔhwɛ a ɛma wohu yare yi ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu!

So woanya oduruyɛfo bi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔfrɛ no "Immunostaining" pɛn? Anaasɛ woate asɛmfua no wɔ baabi? Ebia ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra ma wo. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka sɔhwɛ yi a wɔfrɛ no Immunostaining, nea ɛyɛ, sɛnea wɔyɛ, biribiara ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye so a wubetumi ate ase. Te sɛ nea wo ne w’adamfo bi rekasa ara pɛ.

Dɛn ankasa ne immunostaining?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, immunostaining yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a yɛn nyarewa ho animdefo de di dwuma. Wɔde kyerɛ protein molecule pɔtee bi wɔ protein pii a ɛwɔ nhwɛsode bi a wɔafa afi wo nipadua mu, te sɛ mogya, nnompe mu ntini, anaa ntini mu. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nea wubehu onipa pɔtee bi wɔ nnipadɔm mu. Saa kwan yi boa paa wɔ nyarewa ahorow a wohu mu, titiriw ɔyare mmoawa ne kokoram.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea saa immunostaining yi yɛ adwuma. Ɛde biribi a wɔfrɛ no antibodies na edi dwuma . Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi te sɛ asraafo a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe mu. Wohu nneɛma a ɛde nyarewa ba, a wɔfrɛ no antigens , na wɔbata ho. Enti, wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, nnuruyɛfo no de nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛyɛ saa protein (a wɔfrɛ no antigen) a wɔrehwehwɛ no pɔtee na edi dwuma.

Afei "staining" fã no ba. Ɛte sɛ nea woretwe adwene asi kasamu bi a ɛho hia so wɔ nhoma bi mu. Nanso ɛnyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ T-shirt a wɔde kɔla bɛhyɛ mu. Saa "staining" akwan yi de nnuru soronko, enzymes a ɛsakra kɔla, fluorescent molecules, ne sika kɔkɔɔ mpo di dwuma. Eyinom kyerɛw protein ne nkwammoaa a wɔrehwehwɛ no, enti nhwehwɛmufo betumi ahu no pefee wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu.

Ansa na oduruyɛfo bi bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa yi no, obegye wo mogya, nnompe mu ntini, anaa wo ntini bi. Afei wɔde bɛkɔ akɔma ɔyaresafo bi ma wayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu. Kae sɛ, sɛ́ ebia wɔfaa nhwɛsode no wɔ ayaresabea anaa oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea no, wɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa yi bere nyinaa wɔ aduruyɛdan mu, anaa nea yɛfrɛ no aduruyɛdan mu.

Dɛn ne immunostaining ahorow?

Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a nnuruyɛfo de yɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa. Ɔkwan biara wɔ sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛe pɔtee bi, anaa protocol, a ɛbata ho. Akwan titiriw a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma no bi ni:

• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa
• Flow cytometry a wɔde susuw nneɛma ho
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ne ɛlɛtrɔnik afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete (EM immunolabeling) .

So yɛbɛhwɛ eyinom mu biara mu kɔ akyiri kakra?

Immunohistochemistry - kwan a wotaa de di dwuma paa

Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so de hyɛ nipadua no mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu . Wɔ immunohistochemistry mu no, wɔde nhwɛsode no fã ketewaa bi gu ahwehwɛ a wɔde twetwe nneɛma so, na wɔde antibody a ɛkyekyere nea wɔde asi wɔn ani so no ka ho. Afei wɔde nnuru titiriw anaa enzyme ahorow gu so. Wɔfrɛ eyinom immunostains. Eyi ma ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no tumi hu protein ne nkwammoaa bi pefee wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu.

Hwɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ immunohistochemistry so:

• Ɛboa ma wohu kokoram ahorow ahorow.
• Ɛboa ma wɔkyekyɛ ntini mu yare ne mogya mu yare pii mu.
• Eyi nso ma nnuruyɛfo tumi sua sɛnea awosu mu nneɛma bi de ba, anaa sɛnea wɔda no adi no ho ade.

Flow cytometry - te sɛ afiri a ɛkan nkwammoaa na ɛtetew mu

Wɔ ɔkwan bi a wɔfrɛ no flow cytometry mu no, mfiridwumayɛfo bi de nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔde kɔla ahorow ahyɛ mu di dwuma de hyɛ protein ahorow a wɔrehwehwɛ no agyirae. Afei, wɔde laser hann soronko bi kan, hyehyɛ, na ɛtetew wo nkwammoaa mu mmiako mmiako. Ɛte sɛ nea woreyɛ scan nneɛma a wɔtɔn wɔ aguadidan kɛse mu.

Nnuruyɛfo de flow cytometry di dwuma de hu nyarewa te sɛ:

• Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba
• Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa
• Leukemia a ɛma mogya tu
• Lymphoma a ɛma mogya tu

Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ne ɛlɛtrɔnik afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete (EM immunolabeling) .

Immuno-electron microscopy ma ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no tumi hwɛ wo nhwɛsode no wɔ kɛseyɛ kɛse mu na ɛkɔ akyiri yiye. Wɔ eyi mu no, ɔyare ho animdefo de sika kɔkɔɔ nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no colloidal gold particles bata nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ho. Ɛnyɛ den yiye sɛ wobehu sika kɔkɔɔ a ɛte sɛ colloidal yi wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu. Enti, sɛ saa antibody no kɔ na ɛkyere antigen no a, sika kɔkɔɔ no mu nneɛma nketenkete no ma wotumi hu pefee sɛ nsensanee tuntum.

Wɔ ɔyare mmoawa ne nyarewa ahorow a wohu akyi no, immuno-electron microscopy betumiHwehwɛ mmoawa a wɔko tia nyarewa mpo wɔ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ma sɔhwɛ yi?

Mpɛn pii no, enhia sɛ wusiesie wo ho ma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa nhwehwɛmu. Nanso, wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo akwankyerɛ ansa na wafa wo mogya, ntini, anaa nnompe mu ntini. Eyi bɛboa wo ma woahu nea wobɛhwɛ kwan ankasa. Ɛho hia sɛ wutie nea wo duruyɛfo ka no yiye.

Bere tenten ahe na sɔhwɛ no gye? Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na nea efi mu ba no asan aba?

Eyi gyina ɔkwan a wo duruyɛfo fa so de nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di dwuma no so ankasa. Akwan bi gye nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi pɛ , bere a afoforo nso tumi gye nnafua 10 . Wo duruyɛfo no betumi agyina wo tebea so akyerɛ wo bere tenten a ebegye.

Bere a egye ansa na nea efi mu ba no asan aba nso te saa ara. Akwan bi a wɔfa so de nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no betumi ama woanya nea efi mu ba no kakraa bi te sɛ da koro. Afoforo nso betumi agye dapɛn biako anaa nea ɛboro saa. Sɛ wokɔ sɛ wode nhwɛsode no ma a, wo duruyɛfo bɛma woahu bere a wubetumi ahwɛ nea ebefi mu aba no kwan.

Enti, wɔ bere a ɛte sɛɛ mu no, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubenya abotare na woanbɔ hu. Wo ne oduruyɛfo no nkasa na ma biribiara mu nna hɔ.

Dɛn na nea efi mu ba no ka? Sɛ wɔnyɛ nea ɛnteɛ a, dɛn na ɛba?

Ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no bɛhwehwɛ wo nhwehwɛmu no mu na ɔde akɔma wo duruyɛfo. Nea ebefi mu aba no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina nhwehwɛmu ko a ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no yɛe so. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ wo nhwehwɛmu aba no mu kɔ akyiri ne nea ɛkyerɛ ma wo tebea pɔtee no.

Kae sɛ, sɛ nea efi nhwehwɛmu no mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no hu yare bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ebefi mu aba no mu akyerɛ wo na ɔne wo asusuw ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, nnuruyɛfo kuw bi betumi abom ayɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Okay, enti ɛfiri nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu no, mewɔ anidasoɔ sɛ woanya adwene pa wɔ immunostaining ho. Nneɛma a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ni:

• Immunostaining yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu a wɔde nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa di dwuma de hu na wɔkyerɛw nnuru pɔtee bi a ɛko tia nyarewa wɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu.
• Saa sɔhwɛ yi betumi aboa ma wɔahu akwahosan tebea ahorow, a mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba, ne kokoram ahorow bi ka ho.
• Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ immunostaining nhwehwɛmu a, biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro.Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo kɔ akyiri.
• Sɛ nhwehwɛmu no aba wie a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee mfa nea ɛkyerɛ ma wo tebea no ne sɛ ebia ayaresa ho hia anaasɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no ho.

Kae sɛ aduruyɛ ho nyansahu renya nkɔso bere nyinaa. Ɛnam nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom so na yebetumi ahu nyarewa pii ntɛm na yɛasa no yiye. Enti, sɛ oduruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛte saa a, ɛho hia sɛ wosiesie wo ho ma no.

` Immunostaining, Pathology, Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa, Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa, Kokoram mu nhwehwɛmu, Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu