Momma yensua awotwaa mu kokoram ho ade a yensuro.

Yɛn mmea no mu pii suro bere a wɔte edin Cervical Cancer no. Nanso sɛ wunim eyi ankasa a, biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro. Efisɛ eyi yɛ kokoram bi a wobetumi asiw ano wɔ nsɛm dodow no ara mu, na sɛ wohu no ntɛm nso a, wobetumi asa no koraa. Enti ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm wɔ Sinhala kasa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara a wubetumi ate ase mu, a yɛmfa biribiara nsie. Te sɛ nea wo ne w’adamfo paa bɛkasa ara pɛ.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne awotwaa mu kokoram?

Awotwaa mu kokoram yɛ kokoram a efi ase wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛkata awotwaa no so, w’awotwaa no fã a ɛne wo awotwaa no di nkitaho no mu. Ɛnnya nkɔso prɛko pɛ. Efi ase bere a nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛwɔ wo awotwaa mu no sesa nkakrankakra na ɛbɛyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ (nkwaboaa a edi kokoram anim) a ebetumi abɛyɛ kokoram no.

Ade titiriw nti a ɛte saa ne mmoawa a wɔfrɛ no HPV (Human Papillomavirus) . Nokwarem no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ awotwaa mu kokoram a wonya no ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 fi HPV yare mmoawa. Saa mmoawa yi nam nna mu. Nanso sɛ wote eyi a, mma wo ho nnpopo. HPV yɛ mmoawa a abu so yiye. Nnipa pii a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ nna mu no benya saa mmoawa yi wɔ wɔn asetra mu bere bi. Nanso mpɛn pii no, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yi mmoawa yi fi hɔ. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa mmoawa yi tumi tra hɔ a wonnyi mfi nipadua no mu. Sɛ ɛba saa a, asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ awotwaa no mu no bɛsakra na abɛyɛ kokoram.

Mpɛn pii no, kokoram yi nkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw biara kosi sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw. Ɛno nti na nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa ne HPV vaccine no ho hia kɛse no. Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ebetumi ayɛ nea wɔasa no yiye.

Dɛn ne awotwaa mu kokoram ahorow atitiriw?

Awotwaa mu kokoram ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ.

1. Squamous cell carcinomas: Saa ɔkwan yi na ɛyɛ awotwaa mu kokoram 80% kosi 90%.

2. Adenocarcinomas: Saa kokoram yi yɛ 10% kosi 20%.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, kokoram betumi aba sɛ abien no nyinaa a wɔaka abom. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛkae saa din ahorow yi a, ɛnyɛ hwee. Eyi ho hia ma nnuruyɛfo. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu ne yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so asiw ano.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye wɔ ho?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, wɔ awotwaa mu kokoram mfiase noMpɛn pii no, ɛnkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Ɛno nti na wɔsan frɛ no kokoram a ɛyɛ anifere no. Nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow fi ase da adi bere a kokoram no anyin kakra akyi.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho kakra wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi ho. Sɛ wowɔ eyinom mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, yɛsrɛ wo mma wo ho nnpopo na kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya awotwaa mu kokoram?

Asiane ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka sɛnea obi anya awotwaa mu kokoram. Ebinom nso yetumi nni so, na ebinom nso yentumi nni so.

Asiane ahorow a yebetumi adi so

• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔnyɛ wɔ bere ano: Nnipa a wɔnyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu wɔ bere a wɔahyɛ no mu no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya awotwaa mu kokoram efisɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu tumi hu nkwammoaa a edi kokoram anim ansa na wɔabɛyɛ kokoram.
• HPV yare mmoawa: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, HPV yare mmoawa titiriw na ɛde ba. Sɛ wɔtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya HPV no so a, ebetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya awotwaa mu kokoram no so.
• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu asetra: Sɛ obi ne obi da ansa na wadi mfe 18 na wanya nna mu ahokafo pii a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya HPV no yɛ kɛse.
• Sigaretnom: Sigaret a wɔnom no ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya awotwaa mu kokoram no yɛ kɛse.
• HIV yareɛ: Nnipa a wɔanya HIV no wɔ asiane kɛseɛ sɛ wɔbɛnya awotwaa mu kokoram sene nnipa dodoɔ no ara.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a obi benya: Sɛ nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no so tew.

Asiane ahorow a yentumi nni so

• DES (diethylstilbestrol): Eyi yɛ aduru a wɔde maa mmea a wɔyem binom sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nyinsɛn rentu wɔ 1938 ne 1971 ntam hɔ.Sɛ wo maame nom saa aduru yi bere a na ɔyem a, ebia asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya awotwaa mu kokoram no akɔ soro kakra.
• Abusua abakɔsɛm: Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu (ɛna, onuawa) anya awotwaa mu kokoram a, ebia wo nso wobɛkɔ asiane mu esiane awosu mu nkɛntɛnso nti.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu yare no?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ awotwaa mu kokoram a, wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii.

1. Pap Test / Pap Smear: Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia sen biara. Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wogye nkwammoaa ketewaa bi fi awotwaa no ani na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ nkwammoaa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so anaa.

2. HPV Sɔhwɛ: Te sɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu no, wɔde nkwammoaa a wogye fii awotwaa mu no nhwɛsode di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ HPV ahorow a ɛda adi sɛ ɛde kokoram bɛba no wɔ hɔ anaa.

3. Colposcopy: Sɛ wo Pap nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, eyi ne nhwehwɛmu a edi hɔ a wobɛyɛ. Ɛha yi, oduruyɛfo no de afiri a ɛma wo ho yɛ den (colposcope) bedi dwuma de ahwɛ wo awotwaa mu. Wotumi hu nkwammoaa biara a ɛnteɛ pefee.

4. Biopsy: Sɛ wohu baabi a ɛyɛ hu bere a wɔreyɛ colposcopy no a, woyi ntini ketewaa bi fi saa beae no na wɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan mu kɔhwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ hɔ anaa. Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ eyi:

• Punch biopsy: Wɔde adwinnade ketewaa bi twitwa ntini bi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ.
• LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure): Wɔde anyinam ahoɔden waya loop yi ntini a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so.
• Cone biopsy: Woyi ntini kɛse bi a ɛte sɛ cone fi awotwaa no mu.

Sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi si so dua sɛ wowɔ kokoram a, ebia ebehia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo, te sɛ CT scan anaa MRI scan , na ama woahu sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo anaa. Wɔde saa nsɛm yi di dwuma de hu kokoram no fã na wɔkyerɛ ayaresa a eye sen biara ma wo.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa awotwaa mu kokoram?

Wogyina faako a kokoram no kɔ, mfe a woadi, w’akwahosan nyinaa, ne sɛ ebia wowɔ anidaso sɛ wobɛwo mma daakye so na ɛkyerɛ awotwaa mu kokoram ayaresa.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde saa ayaresa yi biako anaa nea ɛboro saa bom di dwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi de nnuru anaa mframa a wɔde sa yare ama ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn anaa bere a wɔayɛ oprehyɛn awie. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ eyinom nyinaa mu akyerɛ wo.

So wobetumi asiw awotwaa mu kokoram ano?

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛte saa! Eyi ne asɛm a eye sen biara wɔ asɛm yi mu. Awotwaa mu kokoram yɛ kokoram a yebetumi asiw ano kɛse. Nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ wɔ ho.

• Nya HPV vaccine no: Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Saa vaccine yi boa ma wɔbɔ obi ho ban fi HPV ahorow atitiriw a ɛde awotwaa mu kokoram ba no ho. Wɔtaa kamfo saa vaccine yi kyerɛ mmeawa ne mmabaa. Wo ne wo duruyɛfoɔ nkasa fa saa vaccine yi a wobɛnya wɔ mfeɛ a ɛfata mu ama wo ho.
• Yɛ Pap smear wɔ bere ano: Bere a woanya nna mu kyɛfa awie no, yɛ Pap smear wɔ nhyehyɛe a wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no so. Eyi betumi ahu nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ na wɔasa ansa na wɔabɛyɛ kokoram.
• Fa nna a ahobammɔ wom di dwuma: Sɛ wode kɔndɔm di dwuma na woto wɔn a wo ne wɔn bɛda no dodow ano hye a, ebetumi aboa ma woabɔ wo ho ban afi HPV ne nyarewa afoforo a wonya fi nna mu ho.
• Kwati sigaretnom: Sɛ wonom sigaret a, gyae. Wɔn a wɔnom sigaret no betumi anya awotwaa mu kokoram bɛyɛ mmɔho abien sen wɔn a wɔnnom sigaret.

Ɛyɛ papa dɛn sɛ wubesiw kokoram ano ansa na anya bi sen sɛ wubehu amane bere a wanya bi awie no? Enti anammɔn a ɛnyɛ den yi a wubedi akyi no bɛyɛ sika kɛse a wubetumi de ahyɛ w’asetra mu.