Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ no ho

So woasusuw sɛnea yɛn ani te sɛ mfoninitwa afiri pa no twe adwene si nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri ne nea ɛbɛn so pefee no ho pɛn? Yɛn aniwa fã bi a ɛho hia paa boa ma yɛyɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi. Ɛno ne "lens" no. Ɛnnɛ yɛreka saa ahwehwɛ ketewa yi, nanso ɛsom bo yiye yi ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne aniwa no ahwehwɛ? Momma yɛnte ase tiawa.

Aniwa no te sɛ aniwa a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri mu no ara pɛ. Fa no sɛ woretwa nhwiren fɛfɛ bi mfonini. Mfoninitwa afiri no ahwehwɛ no boaboa hann a efi nhwiren no mu ano, de si so, na ɛde kɔ sensor a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri no akyi no nkyɛn. Ɛno ne bere a wɔyɛ mfonini a emu da hɔ.

Yɛn aniwa ahwehwɛ no yɛ eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛyɛ ɔdan a ɛda adi koraa na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa no mu tɔnn. Hann a ɛhyɛn aniwa no mu no fa saa ahwehwɛ yi mu, na ɛtwe adwene si baabi biako, na ɛtɔ aniwa no fã a ɛte sɛ screen a wɔfrɛ no retina no so. Saa retina yi ne camera sensor a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa mu. Efi hɔ no, saa data no kɔ amemene no mu na yehu no sɛ mfonini.

Dɛn na ɛrekɔ so ankasa wɔ saa ahwehwɛ ketewa yi ho?

Dwumadi titiriw a aniwa no ani hwɛbea yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛtwe adwene asi biribi so . Nanso eyi yɛ nea emu yɛ den sen sɛnea ebia wubesusuw.

Fa no sɛ worehwɛ bepɔw bi wɔ akyirikyiri, na sekan a edi hɔ no, worekenkan nhoma a ɛwɔ wo nsam no. Sɛ aniwa no ahu ade yiye wɔ akyirikyiri abien no nyinaa a, ɛsɛ sɛ aniwa no sesa ne nsusuwii.

• Sɛ wohwɛ akyirikyiri a: ahwehwɛ no bɛyɛ petee kakra.
• Sɛ wohwɛ w’ani so a: Lens no ba soro kakra na ɛbɛyɛ kurukuruwa.

Saa tumi a ɛma yetumi sesa ne nsusuwii ankasa yi ne nea ɛma yetumi hu ade yiye wɔ akyirikyiri ahorow. Nanso kae sɛ, aniwa no fã a emu da hɔ wɔ aniwa no anim no yɛ bɛyɛ 70% wɔ tumi a ɛde n’adwene si biribi so no mu. Lens no yɛ fine-tuning adwuma a ɛyɛ 30% a aka no.

Ɛhe na aniwa no ahwehwɛ no wɔ?

Sɛ wohwɛ w’ankasa w’ani wɔ ahwehwɛ mu a, wubetumi ahu aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ kɔla (brown/black wɔ yɛn fam no). Yɛfrɛ no iris. Wɔfrɛ ɔfã ketewa tuntum kurukuruwa a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no anim. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa aniwa yi ne ɔpon a hann fa mu kɔ aniwa no mu.

Yɛn aniwa ahwehwɛ no wɔ saa aniwa yi akyi pɛɛ. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ hann di kan fa ani no mu hyɛn mu, afei ɛtɔ ahwehwɛ no so, na efi hɔ no, ɛtwe adwene si aniwa no so.

Dɛn na wɔde na ɛyɛ saa ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi?

Aniwa aniwa no yɛ adebɔ a ɛyɛ nwonwa ampa. Ɛyɛ protein soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Crystallins'' na ɛyɛ. Aniwa ahwehwɛ no ne beae a protein dɔɔso sen biara wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛyɛ protein soronko yi nti na ahwehwɛ no nya ne su a ɛda adi pefee ne tumi a ɛma ɛtwe adwene si biribi so.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ bere a nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ saa ahwehwɛ yi mu no nyin no, wɔhwere afã horow te sɛ wɔn nucleus. Ɛno nti na ahwehwɛ no bɛyɛ nea ɛda adi koraa a biribiara nsiw no kwan no. Nanso eyi wɔ ɔhaw bi. Esiane sɛ nuklea biara nni hɔ nti, saa nkwammoaa yi ntumi mpaapae na ennyin foforo. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ aniwa nkwammoaa a yɛwɔ bere a wɔawo yɛn no yɛ pɛ wɔ yɛn nkwa nna nyinaa mu. Nkwammoaa foforo boaboa ano wɔ akyi, nanso nkwammoaa dedaw boaboa ano kɔ mfinimfini. Te sɛ dua dua nkaa. Bere kɔ so no, nkwammoaa a akyɛ sen biara a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no fi ase brɛ ase.

Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛba aniwa no aniwa so bere a yɛrenyin (aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw) .

Bere kɔ so no, titiriw esiane owia a yɛde to yɛn ani ne nneɛma afoforo a atwa yɛn ho ahyia nti, protein nkwammoaa dedaw a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa no mu no fi ase sɛe na ɛsɛe. Eyi ma nkwammoaa no ntumi nhu ade yiye, ɛyɛ mununkum, na ɛyɛ mununkum. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no "Age-related Cataracts."

Afei nso, bere a yɛrenyin no, ahwehwɛ no hwere sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛhwere tumi a ɛwɔ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ kurukuruwa bere a ɛhwɛ soro no. Eyi ne bere a nneɛma a ɛbɛn ho no yɛ nea wontumi nhu, titiriw bere a worekenkan nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa no. Yɛfrɛ saa tebea yi `(Presbyopia)`.

Sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ba a, ɛte dɛn?

Sɛ atiridiinini ba a, ɛte sɛ nea wiase no rehwɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛho agu fĩ mu. Ɛte sɛ nea biribiara ayɛ kusuu na sum ayɛ hɔ ma. Mfiase no, saa mununkum yi betumi afi ase wɔ beae ketewaa bi, na bere kɔ so no, ebetumi atrɛw akɔ ahwehwɛ no nyinaa mu. Wɔ obi a ɔhwɛ abɔnten fam fam no, ebia aniwa tuntum a ɛwɔ aniwa no mfinimfini no bɛyɛ te sɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ fitaa sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ tuntum. (Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, esiane awosu mu nneɛma nti, wɔwo nkokoaa a wɔn ani ayɛ wɔn yaw, na eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw a ebetumi aboa wo ma woahu wɔn no mu biako.)

Nneɛma a ɛkɔ akyiri (Presbyopia) .

Bere a sɛnea ahwehwɛ no tumi yɛ mmerɛw no so tew no, ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo sɛ wode w’adwene besi nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo so. Ebia woahu nkwakoraa ne mmerewa a wɔwɔ yɛn afie mu sɛ wɔrekenkan atesɛm krataa a wɔateɛ wɔn nsa na wɔakɔ akyirikyiri. Eyi nti na eyi te saa. Anaasɛ, sɛ worekenkan nhoma anaa worehwɛ telefon so a, w’ani betumi abrɛ ntɛm.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa tebea horow yi?

Mprempren ayaresa a etu mpɔn yiye wɔ hɔ ma ɔhaw abien yi nyinaa, enti biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro.

Ayaresa a wɔde sa obi a otumi hu ade yiye (Presbyopia) .

Esiane sɛ eyi yɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba bere a obi nyin nti, ano aduru pii wɔ hɔ:

• Ahwehwɛ: Ahwehwɛ a ahoɔden a ɛfata wom a wɔbɛhyɛ no ne ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na wɔtaa fa so.
• Contact Lenses: Eyi yɛ ɔkwan pa a wɔn a wɔn ani nnye ahwehwɛ ho no betumi afa so.
• Aniwa mu Nsu: Nnɛyi nnuru bi betumi ama aniwa a ɛbɛn ade atu mpɔn bere tiaa bi akodu baabi.
• Oprehyɛn a Wɔde Teɛ Anisoadehu: Wobetumi afa akwan te sɛ laser ayaresa so asiesie tebea yi.

Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ sɛnea w’ani te na wakyerɛkyerɛ ayaresa a eye ma wo mu akyerɛ wo.

Ayaresa a wɔde sa aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Ayaresa biako pɛ a etu mpɔn sen biara a wɔde sa atiridiinini ne oprehyɛn. Mprempren eyi ne oprehyɛn a abu so na ahobammɔ wom sen biara wɔ wiase.

Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn yi w’abɔde mu ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mununkum no na ɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ (Intraocular Lens, anaa IOL) si ananmu . Eyi yɛ ayaresa a edi mu yiye, na nnipa pii san hu ade yiye bere a wɔayɛ wɔn oprehyɛn no.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ansa na ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no, wɔyɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔde ayɛ a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu yi de siesie ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa aniwa a ɛbɛn/kyirikyiri ho. Wɔfrɛ no `(Refractive Lens Exchange)`.

Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ yɛn aniwa ahwehwɛ ho ban?

Ɛwom sɛ yentumi nnyae onyin de, nanso nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ na amma aniwa a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa mu no anyɛ mmerɛw ntɛmntɛm na yɛamma nneɛma a asɛe no so atew.

• Owia ho banbɔ: Ultraviolet hann a ɛwɔ owia hann a ano yɛ den mu no pira aniwa no. Enti, hyɛ awia ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ papa bere a worekɔ abɔnten wɔ owia mu no.
• Kwati sigaretnom: Sigaretnom ne sigaret a wɔde di dwuma no ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya atiridiinini no yɛ kɛse.
• Asikreyare ano aduru: Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wudi so yiye, efisɛ asikreyare a wontumi nni so no yɛ ade titiriw a ɛde aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ba.
• Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa: Sɛ woma oduruyɛfo kɔhwɛ w’ani daa, titiriw bere a woadi mfe 40 akyi a, ebetumi aboa ma woahu ɔhaw biara ntɛm na woahwehwɛ ayaresa.

Yɛn aniwa no yɛ ade soronko bi a ɛho hia na ama yɛatumi ahu ade yiye. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ ɛsakra bere kɔ so. Nanso, sɛ yenim na yɛhwɛ yɛn ani yiye a, yebetumi ahu wiase no yiye wɔ yɛn nkwa nna nyinaa mu.